|
Tristan Tzara
Tristan Tzara (; ; ; born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; – 25 December 1963) was a Romanian and French avant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist. Also active as a journalist, playwright, literary and art critic, composer and film director, he was known best for being one of the founders and central figures of the anti-establishment Dada movement. Under the influence of Adrian Maniu, the adolescent Tzara became interested in Symbolism (arts), Symbolism and co-founded the magazine ''Simbolul'' with Ion Vinea (with whom he also wrote Experimental literature, experimental poetry) and painter Marcel Janco. During World War I, after briefly collaborating on Vinea's ''Chemarea'', he joined Janco in Switzerland. There, Tzara's shows at the Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich), Cabaret Voltaire and Zünfte of Zürich, Zunfthaus zur Waag, as well as his poetry and art manifestos, became a main feature of early Dadaism. His work represented Dada's Nihilism, nihilistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portrait Of Tristan Tzara
''Portrait of Tristan Tzara'' is an oil on paperboard painting by the French painter Robert Delaunay, created in 1923. It depicts the Romanian poet Tristan Tzara, a leading name of the Dada movement and a personal friend of the artists couple Robert and Sonia Delaunay. It is held in the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, in Madrid. History During the First World War, Robert and Sonia Delaunay took refuge in Spain and Portugal, where they continued their artistic work on the observation of light and colors. On their return, the influential artists of the 1910-1914 era had dispersed or died, or had been replaced by new artists, the Dada, Dadaists, who later would become the Surrealism, Surrealists. The Delaunays joined the new artistic and social life of their time, becoming friends with new influential artists, such as Philippe Soupault (of whom Robert also painted a portrait), André Breton, Louis Aragon,Jean Cocteau, or once again Igor Stravinsky and Vladimir Mayakovsky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrealism
Surrealism is an art movement, art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike scenes and ideas. Its intention was, according to leader André Breton, to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality", or ''surreality.'' It produced works of painting, writing, photography, Theatre of Cruelty, theatre, Surrealist cinema, filmmaking, Surrealist music, music, Surreal humour, comedy and other media as well. Works of Surrealism feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and ''Non sequitur (literary device), non sequitur''. However, many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost (for instance, of the "pure psychic automatic behavior, automatism" Breton speaks of in the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nihilism
Nihilism () encompasses various views that reject certain aspects of existence. There have been different nihilist positions, including the views that Existential nihilism, life is meaningless, that Moral nihilism, moral values are baseless, and that Philosophical skepticism, knowledge is impossible. These views span various branches of philosophy, including ethics, value theory, epistemology, and metaphysics. Nihilism is often characterized as a broad cultural phenomenon or historical movement that pervades modernity in the Western world. Existential nihilism asserts that life is inherently meaningless and lacks a higher purpose. By suggesting that all individual and societal achievements are ultimately pointless, it can lead to Apathy, indifference, Motivation#Amotivation and akrasia, lack of motivation, and existential crises. In response, some philosophers propose detachment from worldly concerns while others seek to discover or create values. Moral nihilism, a related view, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art Manifesto
An art manifesto is a public declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of an artist or artistic movement. Manifestos are a standard feature of the various movements in the modernist avant-garde and are still written today. Art manifestos are sometimes in their rhetoric intended for shock value, to achieve a revolutionary effect. They often address wider issues, such as the political system. Typical themes are the need for revolution, freedom (of expression) and the implied or overtly stated superiority of the writers over the status quo. The manifesto gives a means of expressing, publicising and recording ideas for the artist or art group—even if only one or two people write the words, it is mostly still attributed to the group name. In 1855 Gustave Courbet wrote a Realist manifesto for the introduction to the catalogue of his independent, personal exhibition. And in 1886 the Symbolist Manifesto was published in the French newspaper ''Le Figaro'' by the poet and essayi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zünfte Of Zürich
There are fourteen historical ''Zünfte'' (guilds, singular ''Zunft'') of Zürich Zurich (; ) is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich. , the municipality had 448,664 inhabitants. The ..., under the system established in 1336 with the "guild revolution" of Rudolf Brun. They are the 13 guilds that predated 1336, plus the ''Gesellschaft zur Constaffel'', originally consisting of the city's nobles. Guilds founded in 1336 There have been two mergers of historical guilds since, so that there are 12 contemporary ''Zünfte'' continuing the medieval guilds: 19th century guilds In the 19th century, with the expansion of Zürich, incorporating various formerly separate villages, a number of new "guilds" were established to represent these. By this time the old guilds had ceased to be tied to specific trades and had acquired a mostly folkl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich)
Cabaret Voltaire is the birthplace of the Dada art movement, founded in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1916. It was founded by Hugo Ball and Emmy Hennings as a cabaret intended for artistic and political purposes. Other founding members were Marcel Janco, Richard Huelsenbeck, Tristan Tzara, Sophie Taeuber-Arp and Jean Arp. It is currently operating as museum, bar and cultural spaceopen to the public, at Spiegelgasse 1, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. Significance The cabaret was founded at the Holländische Meierei, Spiegelgasse 1, in Zurich, Switzerland on February 5, 1916. It proved pivotal in the founding of the anarchic art movement known as Dada. "If one seeks a dictionary now to explain the word 'Dada,' one will discover it has a clear definition. Yet, no one can describe exactly that feeling of rebellion, hidden behind suspicion and the desire to do what the troupe was passionate about at the time." In 2013, the Cabaret Voltaire performances were ranked as the 25th best work of pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcel Janco
Marcel Janco (, ; common rendition of the Romanian language, Romanian name Marcel Hermann Iancu ; 24 May 1895 – 21 April 1984) was a Romanian and Israeli visual artist, architect and art theorist. He was the co-inventor of Dadaism and a leading exponent of Constructivism (art), Constructivism in Eastern Europe. In the 1910s, he co-edited, with Ion Vinea and Tristan Tzara, the Romanian art magazine ''Simbolul''. Janco was a practitioner of Art Nouveau, Futurism and Expressionism before contributing his painting and stage design to Tzara's literary Dadaism. He parted with Dada in 1919, when he and painter Hans Arp founded a Constructivist circle, ''Das Neue Leben''. Reunited with Vinea, he founded ''Contimporanul'', the influential tribune of the Romanian avant-garde, advocating a mix of Constructivism, Futurism and Cubism. At ''Contimporanul'', Janco expounded a "revolutionary" vision of urban planning. He designed some of the most innovative landmarks of downtown Bucharest. He w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Experimental Literature
Experimental literature is a genre of literature that is generally "difficult to define with any sort of precision." It experiments with the conventions of literature, including boundaries of genres and styles; for example, it can be written in the form of prose narratives or poetry, but the text may be set on the page in differing configurations than that of normal prose paragraphs or in the classical stanza form of verse. It may also incorporate art or photography. Furthermore, while experimental literature was traditionally handwritten, the digital age has seen an exponential use of writing experimental works with word processors. Early history The first text generally cited in this category is Laurence Sterne's ''The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman'' (1759). This text occurs so early in the standard history of the novel that one can't refer to its "breaking" conventions that had yet to solidify. But in its mockery of narrative, and its willingness to use suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Vinea
Ion Vinea (born Ioan Eugen Iovanaki, sometimes Iovanache; April 17, 1895 – July 6, 1964) was a Romanian poet, novelist, journalist, literary theorist, and political figure. He became active on the Modernist literature, modernist scene during his teens—his poetic work being always indebted to the Symbolist movement in Romania, Symbolist movement—and founded, with Tristan Tzara and Marcel Janco, the review ''Simbolul''. The more conservative Vinea drifted apart from them as they rose to international fame with the Dada artistic experiment, being instead affiliated with left-wing counterculture in Romania during World War I, World War I Romania. With N. D. Cocea, Vinea edited the socialist ''Chemarea'', but returned to the international avant-garde in 1923–1924, an affiliate of Constructivism (art), Constructivism, Futurism, and, marginally, Surrealism. Vinea achieved his reputation as the co-founder and editor or ''Contimporanul'', Romania's major avant-garde publication thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simbolul
''Simbolul'' (Romanian for "The Symbol", ) was a Romanian avant-garde literary and art magazine, published in Bucharest between October and December 1912. Co-founded by writers Tristan Tzara and Ion Vinea, together with visual artist Marcel Janco, while they were all high school students, the journal was a late representative of international Symbolism and the Romanian Symbolist movement. Other figures associated with the magazine were Adrian Maniu, Emil Isac and Claudia Millian, the wife of poet and Tzara's mentor Ion Minulescu. ''Simbolul'' also featured illustrations by, among others, Janco and his teacher Iosif Iser. Despite going through just four issues, ''Simbolul'' helped the transition toward avant-garde currents in Romanian literature and art, by publishing anti-establishment satirical pieces, and by popularizing modernist trends such as Fauvism and Cubism. Its successors on the local literary scene were Vinea's moderate magazines ''Chemarea'' and ''Contimporanul'', whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrian Maniu
Adrian Maniu (February 6, 1891 – April 20, 1968) was a Romanian poet, prose writer, playwright, essayist, and translator. Born in Bucharest, his father Grigore, a native of Lugoj, was a jurist and professor of commercial law at the University of Bucharest; his paternal grandfather was the historian Vasile Maniu. His mother Maria (''née'' Călinescu) was the descendant of an old Oltenian ''boyar'' family, with ancestors attested to the time of Matei Basarab; an artistically inclined woman, she cultivated a love of music, painting, and poetry within the family. All five children displayed marked intellectual and artistic leanings, while two devoted their careers to the arts: Adrian and his sister Rodica Maniu, Rodica, a well-known painter during the interwar period. He had a city childhood, interrupted by brief vacations in a rustic natural setting at the Șopârlița estate on the banks of the Olteț, Olteț River. Following primary school in his native city, he entered Gheorghe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
