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Treaty Of Amity And Commerce Between France And Japan
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan (Japanese: 日仏修好通商条約) (1858) opened diplomatic relations and trade between the two counties. Description The treaty was signed in Edo on October 9, 1858, by Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros, the commander of the French expedition in China, assisted by Charles de Chassiron and Alfred de Moges, opening diplomatic relations between the two countries.Polak 2001, p. 29 The Treaty was signed following the signature of the Harris Treaty between the United States and Japan, as France, Russia, Great Britain, and Holland quickly followed the American example: Japan was forced to apply to other nations the conditions granted to the United States under the "most favoured nation" provision. These 1858 treaties with the five nations are known collectively as " Ansei Treaties".Auslin, p. 1 The most important points of these Unequal Treaties were: * exchange of diplomatic agents. * Edo, Kobe, Nagasaki, Niigata, and Yokohama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of Amity And Commerce Between Japan And Holland England France Russia And The United States 1858
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustave Duchesne De Bellecourt
Gustave Duchesne, Prince de Bellecourt (1817 – 1881) was a French diplomat who was active in Asia, and especially in Japan. He was the first French official representative in Japan from 1859 to 1864, following the signature of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan in 1858. China Gustave de Bellecourt was Secretary of the French legation in China in 1857, under Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros. He participated to the operation against China in the Second Opium War. In 1858, Gustave Duchesne de Bellecourt arrived in Japan as the secretary of the mission for the Franco-Japanese Treaty of Trade and Amity, led by Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros. Japan career The following year, he went again to Japan, arriving on 6 September 1859, and became the first French representative in the country, with the title of "Premier ministre plénipotentiaire de France au Japon". He was assisted by the translator Father Girard. In 1860, the servant of Duchesne was attacked with a sword and ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Auslin
Michael Robert Auslin (born 17 March 1967) is an American writer, policy analyst, historian, and scholar of Asia. He is currently the Payson J. Treat Distinguished Research Fellow in Contemporary Asia at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, a Senior Fellow in the Asia and National Security Programs at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, and a senior fellow at London's Policy Exchange. He was formerly an associate professor at Yale University and a resident scholar and director of Japanese studies at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank in Washington, D.C.American Enterprise Institute (AEI) Auslin, bio notes/ref> Early life Auslin grew up in suburban Chicago. He lived and worked in Japan as an Assistant Language Teacher on the JET Programme. Career Auslin was an assistant professor (2000–2006) and then associate professor (2006–2007) in the Department of History at Yale University. In addition, he was also the founding director of the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Japanese Treaty Of Amity And Commerce
The was signed on 26 August 1858 by Lord Elgin and the then representatives of the Japanese government (the Tokugawa shogunate), and was ratified between Queen Victoria and the Tycoon of Japan at Yedo on 11 July 1859. The concessions which Japan made in the treaty were threefold: *A representative of the British government would be permitted to reside at Edo. *Hakodate, Kanagawa and Nagasaki were to be opened to British commerce on 1 July 1859 and British subjects could travel within a range of 25 miles of each port. Hyogo would open on 1 January 1863. *British subjects would be allowed to reside in Edo from 1 January 1862 and Osaka from 1 January 1863. About this ratification This ratification seems to have meant that Queen Victoria would have power and jurisdiction in the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan. ''The London Gazette'' published on 4 March 1859 says, "a Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce hath been agreed upon and concluded between Her Majesty and His Majesty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Amity And Commerce Between Russia And Japan
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Amity And Commerce Between The Netherlands And Japan
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Amity And Commerce (United States-Japan)
Treaty of Amity and Commerce may refer to: * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–France) (1778) * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Dutch Republic), a 1782 United States treaty * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Sweden) (1783) * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (Prussia–United States) (1785) * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States-Siam) or Siamese-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1833) * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (U.K.-Siam) or Bowring Treaty (1855) * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (U.K.-Japan) or Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1858) * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (France-Japan) (1858) * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan) or Harris Treaty (1858) * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (Prussia–Japan) (1861) * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States-Joseon/Korea) or Joseon-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1882) * Treaty of Amity and Commerce (China-Macau) or Sino-Portuguese Treaty ceding (1887) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Commerce And Navigation Between Japan And Russia
The Treaty of Shimoda (下田条約, ''Shimoda Jouyaku'') (formally Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and Russia 日露和親条約, ''Nichi-Ro Washin Jouyaku'') of February 7, 1855, was the first treaty between the Russian Empire, and the Empire of Japan, then under the administration of the Tokugawa shogunate. Following shortly after the Convention of Kanagawa signed between Japan and the United States, it effectively meant the end of Japan's 220-year-old policy of national seclusion (''sakoku''), by opening the ports of Nagasaki, Shimoda and Hakodate to Russian vessels and established the position of Russian consuls in Japan and defined the borders between Japan and Russia. The isolation of Japan Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ambassadors From France To Japan
The list of ambassadors of France to Japan began developing in the same year that the American Matthew C. Perry, Commodore Perry "opened" Japan's doors to the West. Franco-Japanese diplomatic relations were initially established during the Second French Empire, Second Empire of French history and the Edo period of Japanese history. List of heads of mission Ambassadors of the Second Empire Ambassadors of the Third Republic Ambassadors of the Fourth Republic Ambassadors of the Fifth Republic See also * Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan Notes References * Michael Auslin, Auslin, Michael R. (2004) ''Negotiating with Imperialism: The Unequal Treaties and the Culture of Japanese Diplomacy.''Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 56493769* Henry Wager Halleck, Halleck, Henry Wager. (1861) ''International law: or, Rules regulating the intercourse of states in peace and war'' New York: D. Van NostrandOCLC 852699* Medzini, Meron. (1971). ''French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakura period, shoguns were themselves figureheads, with real power in hands of the Shikken of the Hōjō clan. The office of shogun was in practice hereditary, though over the course of the history of Japan several different clans held the position. The title was originally held by military commanders during Heian period in the eighth and ninth centuries. When Minamoto no Yoritomo gained political ascendency over Japan in 1185, the title was revived to regularize his position, making him the first shogun in the usually understood sense. The shogun's officials were collectively referred to as the ; they were the ones who carried out the actual duties of administration, while the Imperial court retained only nominal authority.Beasley, Willia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tōzen-ji
, is a Buddhist temple located in Takanawa, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The temple belongs to the Myōshin-ji branch of the Rinzai school of Japanese Zen.Cortazzi, Hugh. (2000) ''Collected Writings of Sir Hugh Cortazzi'', Vol. II, pp. 210211. One of the four great Zen temples of Edo, it is best known in history as the location of the first British legation in Japan during the Bakumatsu period and the site of a number of incidents against foreigners by pro-''sonnō jōi'' samurai. The temple's precincts were designated a National Historic Site in 2010. History The temple was established in 1610 in Akasaka by Ryōnan Zenji, and its name comes from the Dharma name of Itō Sukenori, ''daimyō'' of Obi Domain in Hyūga Province (preset day Miyazaki Prefecture). In 1636 it was relocated to its present location. At the time, the temple was directly on Edo Bay and for that reason was nicknamed ''Kaijō Zenrin'' (literally, "the Zen forest above the sea"). During the Edo Period it served a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
