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Turning The Light Around
Turning the light around (Ch. fǎn zhào 返照, J. henshō; K. panjo), also translated as "tracing back the radiance," or "counter-illumination," is a Zen Buddhism, Buddhist expression referring to turning attention from outward phenomena to awareness itself. In Mahayana, Mahayana Buddhism, the true nature of awareness is related to concepts such as luminous mind, Buddha-nature, and emptiness (śūnyatā). Etymology The term ''fǎn zhào'' is derived from the following Chinese characters: * wiktionary:返, 返 ''fǎn'', return, reverse, in an opposite directionhanbook.comfǎn/ref> * wiktionary:照, 照 ''zhào'', illuminate, light up, shine, reflect, to mirrorhanbook.comzhào/ref> ** 返照, ''fǎn zhào'', "to shine in the opposite direction," "to light up the source" [of light]. A longer variation of the phrase in Chinese is 回光返照 (pinyin: ''huí guāng fǎn zhào'', Japanese: ''ekō henshō''), "turning the light around and shining back." The additional characters, '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century Before the Common Era, BCE. It is the Major religious groups, world's fourth-largest religion, with about 500 million followers, known as Buddhists, who comprise four percent of the global population. It arose in the eastern Gangetic plain as a movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia. Buddhism has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to Western world, the West in the 20th century. According to tradition, the Buddha instructed his followers in a path of bhavana, development which leads to Enlightenment in Buddhism, awakening and moksha, full liberation from ''Duḥkha, dukkha'' (). He regarded this path as a Middle Way between extremes su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platform Sutra
Double page from the Korean woodblock print of "''The Sixth Patriarch's Dharma Jewel Platform Sutra''", Bibliothèque_Nationale_de_France.html" ;"title="Goryeo, c. 1310. Bibliothèque Nationale de France">Goryeo, c. 1310. Bibliothèque Nationale de France. The ''Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch'' ( or simply: ''Tánjīng'') is a Chan Buddhist scripture that was composed in China during the 8th to 13th century. The "platform" (施法壇) refers to the podium on which a Buddhist teacher speaks. It is a repository of early Chan teachings, centering on the notion of the Buddha-nature, which is "''only'' made invisible to ordinary humans by their illusions." Notably, In Chan Buddhism it is the only Chinese Buddhist text that is explicitly referred to as a "Sutra," emphasizing its central importance in the canon. The text centers on the teachings and stories ascribed to the sixth Chan patriarch Huineng. It contains the well-known story of the contest for the succession of Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shenhui
Heze Shenhui (Chinese:菏澤神會/菏泽神会; Wade–Giles: Shen-hui; Japanese: Kataku Jinne, 684–758) was a Chinese Buddhist monk of the so-called "Southern School" of Zen, who "claimed to have studied under Huineng." Shenhui is notable for his strident attacks on Yuquan Shenxiu and the associated "Northern School", which was the most prominent branch of Chan Buddhism in China at the time. He accused them of propagating ''gradual teachings'', as opposed to his own ''sudden teachings''. Shenhui's own lineage, called the Heze lineage (菏澤宗), probably died out around the time of the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution in 845, with Guifeng Zongmi being the only notable monk in the lineage. Biography Shenhui was born in Xiangyang with the surname Gao (高). He learned The Five Classics of Confucius and the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi at a young age. At the age of 14 he became a monk under Huineng, a disciple of Hongren and the founder of the Southern School of Z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linji School
The Línjì school () is a school of Chan Buddhism named after Linji Yixuan (d. 866). It took prominence in Song dynasty, Song China (960–1279), spread to Japan as the Rinzai school and influenced the nine mountain schools of Korean Seon. History Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907–960/979 CE) Before the Song dynasty, the Linji school was rather obscure and very little is known about its early history. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period () (907–960/979 CE) was an era of political upheaval between the fall of the Tang dynasty and the founding of the Song. During this period, five dynasties quickly succeeded one another in the north, and more than twelve independent states were established, of which only ten are traditionally listed. This division into various regions and kingdoms led to a diversification of Chan factions, reflected in the Five Houses of Chán. The Fayan school was especially influential in the Southern Tang (937-975) and Wuyue (907-978 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linji Yixuan
Japanese painting of Linji Linji Yixuan (; ''Rinzai Gigen''; died 866 CE) was a Tang dynasty (618-907) Chinese monk and teacher of the Hongzhou school of Chinese Chan (Zen). Linji was the leading figure of Chan Buddhism in the Tang, and the ''Recorded Sayings of Linji'' (''Línjì yǔlù''), which contains his teachings, is seen as a major Zen text which exemplifies the iconoclastic and antinomian spirit of Zen. He is also known by the posthumous title Huizhao Chanshi (, “Meditation Master of Illuminating Wisdom”). Linji was a student of Huangbo Xiyun and is also considered to be the founder of the influential Linji school of Chan. This school actually developed in the Song dynasty (960-1279) among descendants of Linji, who created various mythic stories about Linji in the process of founding their new school of Zen. Today he is seen as the founder of the various Linji regional traditions, including the Japanese Rinzai school, the contemporary Korean Seon schools (all w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Original Enlightenment
The moon reflected in water is a popular simile for enlightenment used by Dōgen in the '' East Asian Buddhist doctrine often translated as "inherent", "innate", "intrinsic" or "original" enlightenment in Buddhism">awakeness. This doctrine holds all sentient beings are already enlightened or awakened in some way. In this view, since all beings have some kind of awakeness as their true nature, the attainment of insight is a process of discovering and recognizing what is already present, not of attaining some goal or developing a potential.Stone, Jacqueline. 'From Buddha Nature to Original Enlightenment: "Contemplating Suchness" in Medieval Japan' in Mathes, Klaus-Dieter, and Casey Kemp, eds. ''Buddha Nature Across Asia''. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 103. Vienna: Arbeitkreis für tibetische und buddhistische Studien, University of Vienna, 2022. As such, people do not have to become Buddhas through religious cultivation, they just have to recognize that they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sutra Of Perfect Enlightenment
260px, ''The Complete Enlightenment Sutra'', gold on oak paper The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment or Complete Enlightenment () is a Mahāyāna Buddhist sūtra highly esteemed by both the Huayan and Zen schools. The earliest records are in Chinese, and it is believed to be of Chinese origin. Divided into twelve chapters as a series of discussions on meditation practice, this text deals with issues such as the meaning and origin of ignorance, sudden and gradual enlightenment, original Buddhahood, etc. these themes were also elucidated in the '' Awakening of Faith''. It was intended to resolve questions regarding doctrine and meditation for the earliest practitioners of the Chan school. The most important commentary is the 9th-century ''Great Exegesis on the Sutra of Complete Enlightenment'' (圓覺經大疏鈔 ''Yuanjuejing Dashuchao'') by Zongmi. Titles Its full Chinese title: (, ). Its reconstructed title in Sanskrit is ''Mahāvaipulya pūrṇabuddha-sūtra prasannārtha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guifeng Zongmi
Guifeng Zongmi () (780–1 February 841) was a Tang dynasty Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar who is considered a patriarch of both the Huayan school and Chan Buddhism. Zongmi wrote a number of works on several Mahayana Sutras, Chan and Huayan, and he also discussed Taoism and Confucianism. His works are a major source for studying the various Chan schools of the Tang. Zongmi was deeply interested in both the practical and doctrinal aspects of Mahayana Buddhism, especially the teachings of the '' Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment'' and the '' Mahayana Awakening of Faith''. Zongmi's work is concerned with harmonizing the various Chan teachings (especially the doctrines of sudden awakening and original enlightenment) with other Chinese Buddhist traditions, especially Huayan, though he also drew on the work of Tiantai Zhiyi in his ritual works. His philosophy attempts to create a comprehensive worldview that includes and sublimates all Buddhist and non-buddhist teachings of his t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Śūraṅgama Sūtra
The ''Śūraṅgama Sūtra'' (, ''Sūtra of the Heroic'' ''March'') (Taisho no. 945) is a Mahayana Buddhist sutra that has been especially influential on Korean Buddhism (where it remains a major subject of study in Sŏn monasteries) and Chinese Buddhism (where it remains a regular part of the daily liturgy in all Chinese Buddhist monasteries and a major subject of doctrinal study).Benn, James A. ''Another Look at the Pseudo-Śūraṃgama sūtra.'' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 68, No. 1 (Jun., 2008), pp. 57-89, Harvard-Yenching Institute, It is important for Zen/Chan Buddhism and Chinese Pure land Buddhism (where it is considered a central scripture).Venerable Master Chin Kung; Li Ping Nan. ''The Awakening of Compassion and Wisdom,'' p. 199. The doctrinal outlook of the ''Śūraṅgama Sūtra'' is that of Buddha-nature, Yogacara thought, and esoteric Buddhism. The ''Śūraṅgama Sūtra'' was widely accepted as a sutra in East Asian Buddhism, where it has traditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moheyan
Heshang Moheyan () was a late 8th century Buddhist monk associated with the East Mountain Teaching. ''Moheyan'' (摩訶衍) is a brief translation of ''Mahayana'' in Chinese, so the name literally means a Mahayana monk. He became famous for representing Chan Buddhism in the so called "Council of Lhasa," a debate between adherents of the Indian teachings of "gradual enlightenment" and the Chinese teachings of "sudden enlightenment," which according to tradition was won by the "gradual teachings." Etymology ''Hwashang'' is a Tibetan approximation of the Chinese ''héshàng'' " Buddhist monk (). This, in turn, comes from the Sanskrit title ''upādhyāya'' "teacher".Chua, Ying (1998), ''Arhats'' (accessed: January 14, 2008)] Biography Dunh ...
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Dunhuang Manuscripts
The Dunhuang manuscripts are a wide variety of religious and secular documents (mostly manuscripts, including Hemp paper, hemp, silk, paper and Woodblock printing, woodblock-printed texts) in Old Tibetan, Tibetan, Chinese, and other languages that were discovered by an itinerant Daoist monk called Wang Yuanlu in 1900 at the Mogao Caves of Sachu in East Turkestan (now Dunhuang, Gansu, China). Wang Yuanlu took control of the Mogao caves, and sold the manuscripts to Paul Pelliot and Aurel Stein for a very low price. Knowing the Philology, philological value of the Dunhuang manuscripts, Stein and Pelliot bought them from Wang and took them from China to Europe. The majority of the surviving texts come from a large cache of documents produced at the Sachu historic printing center between the late 4th and early 11th centuries, which had been sealed in the Mogao Caves#The Library Cave, Library Cave (Cave 17) at some point in the early 11th century. The printing center at Sachu (Dunhu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazu Daoyi
Mazu Daoyi (709–788) (, Japanese: Baso Dōitsu) was an influential abbot of Chan Buddhism during the Tang dynasty. He is known as the founder of the Hongzhou school of Zen. The earliest recorded use of the term "Chan school" is from his ''Extensive Records''. He is most famously known for his two teaching statements: "This Mind is Buddha" (''jixin shi fo'') and "Ordinary Mind is the Way."Jinhua Jia (2012), ''The Hongzhou School of Chan Buddhism in Eighth- through Tenth-Century China,'' SUNY Press, pp. 67-68. Biography His family name was Ma – Mazu meaning ''Ancestor Ma'' or ''Master Ma''. He was born in 709 northwest of Chengdu in Sichuan. During his years as master, Mazu lived in Jiangxi, from which he took the name "Jiangxi Daoyi". In the '' Transmission of the Lamp'', compiled in 1004, Mazu is described as follows: According to the ''Transmission of the Lamp'', Mazu was a student of Nanyue Huairang (677-744) at Mount Heng in Hunan A story in the entry on Nanyue H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
