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Tsezic Languages
The Tsezic languages (also called Didoic languages) form one of the seven main branches of the Northeast Caucasian language family. It branches into Tsez–Hinukh and Bezhta–Hunzib–Khwarshi, according to research published in 2009.The Languages of the Caucasus, by Wolfgang Schulze (2009) They were formerly classified geographically into East Tsezic ( Hinukh and Bezhta) and West Tsezic ( Tsez, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dagestan
Dagestan ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Federal District. The republic is the southernmost tip of Russia, sharing land borders with the countries of Azerbaijan and Georgia to the south and southwest, the Russian republics of Chechnya and Kalmykia to the west and north, and with Stavropol Krai to the northwest. Makhachkala is the republic's capital and largest city; other major cities are Derbent, Kizlyar, Izberbash, Kaspiysk, and Buynaksk. Dagestan covers an area of , with a population of over 3.1 million, consisting of over 30 ethnic groups and 81 nationalities. With 14 official languages, and 12 ethnic groups each constituting more than 1% of its total population, the republic is one of Russia's most linguistically and ethnically diverse, and one of the most heteroge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northeast Caucasian Languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea, in contrast to ''Pontic languages'' for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a language family, family of languages spoken in the Republics of Russia, Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in Northern Azerbaijan as well as in Georgia (country), Georgia and diaspora populations in Western Europe and the Middle East. According to Glottolog, there are currently 36 Nakh-Dagestanian languages. Name of the family Several names have been in use for this family. The most common term, ''Northeast Caucasian'', contrasts the three established families of the Caucasian languages: ''Northeast Caucasian'', ''Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian'' (Abkhaz–Adyghean) and ''South Caucasian'' (Kartvelian languages, Kartvelian). This may be shortened to ''East Caucasian''. The term ''Nakh(o)-Dagestanian'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinukh Language
The Hinuq language (autonym: , also known as Hinukh, Hinux, Ginukh, or Ginux) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Tsezic subgroup. It is spoken by about 200 to 500 people, the Hinukhs, in the Tsuntinsky District of southwestern Dagestan, mainly in the village of (Hinukh: ''Hino''). Hinukh is very closely related to Tsez, but they are not entirely mutually intelligible. Only half of the children of the village speak the Hinukh language. As Hinukh is unwritten, Avar and Russian are used as literary languages. Hinukh is not considered to have dialects, but due to its linguistic proximity to Tsez, it was once considered a Tsez dialect. The Hinukh people were already mentioned in the Georgian chronicles of the Early Middle Ages. The language itself was first described in 1916 by Russian ethnographer A. Serzhputovsky. Phonology Vowels Hinukh distinguishes 6 vowel qualities , all of which can be either long or short. Two vowels can occur pharyngealized: and . However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bezhta Language
The Bezhta (or Bezheta) language (Bezhta: бежкьалас миц, ''bežƛʼalas mic'', ''beƶⱡʼalas mic'', ), also known as Kapucha (from the name of a large village), belongs to the Tsezic group of the North Caucasian language family. It is spoken by about 6,200 people in southern Dagestan, Russia. Classification Its closest linguistic relatives are Hunzib and Khwarshi. Dialects Bezhta can be divided into three dialects – Bezhta Proper, and Khocharkhota – which are spoken in various villages in the region. Phonology Bezhta has a rich consonantal and – unlike its relatives Tsez and Avar – a relatively large vowel inventory (16 distinct vowel phonemes), compared to other languages of the same family. Vowels Bezhta contrasts vowel length and nasalization. Consonants Orthography Bezhta is unwritten, but various attempts have been made to develop an official orthography for the language. The Bezhta people use Avar as the literary language. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsez Language
Tsez, also known as Dido ( () or ()), is a Northeast Caucasian language with about 15,000 speakers (15,354 in 2002) spoken by the Tsez, a Muslim people in the mountainous Tsunta District of southwestern Dagestan in Russia. The name is said to derive from the Tsez word for 'eagle', but this is most likely a folk etymology. The name ''Dido'' is derived from the Georgian word (), meaning 'big'. Dialects Tsez can be divided into the following dialects, with their Tsez names given in parentheses: *Asakh ''(Asaq)'' **Tsebari ''(Ceboru)'' *Mokok ''(Newo)'' *Kidero ''(Kidiro)'' **Shaytl ''(Ešiƛʼ)'' *Shapikh ''(Šopix)'' *Sagada ''(Soƛʼo)'' The examples in this article are based on the Tsebari subdialect of Asakh. The Sagada dialect is notable for its divergence from the others, and is considered to be a separate language by some. Hinukh and Khwarshi were also once regarded as dialects of the Tsez language but are now commonly viewed as distinct languages of the same fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khwarshi Language
Khwarshi (also spelled ''Xvarshi, Khvarshi'', ) is a Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian language spoken in the Tsumadinsky District, Tsumadinsky-, Kizilyurtovsky District, Kizilyurtovsky- and Khasavyurtovsky District, Khasavyurtovsky districts of Dagestan by the Khwarshi people. The exact number of speakers is not known, but the linguist Zaira Khalilova, who has carried out fieldwork in the period from 2005 to 2009, gives the figure 8,500. Other sources give much lower figures, such as Ethnologue with the figure 1,870 and the latest 2021 Russian census, population census of Russia with the figure 3,296. The low figures are because many Khwarshi have registered themselves as being Avar language, Avar speakers, because Avar is their literary language. There are six dialects of the Khwarshi language based on their geographical distribution. The dialects are: Upper and Lower Inkhokwari, Kwantlada, Santlada, Khwayni and Khwarshi Proper, originating in their respective v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunzib Language
Hunzib is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Hunzib people in southern Dagestan, near the Russian border with Georgia. Classification Hunzib belongs to the Tsezic group of the Northeast Caucasian languages. It is most closely related to Bezhta and Khwarshi, according to the latest research. Other Tsezic languages include Tsez and Hinukh. Khwarshi was previously grouped together with Tsez and Hinukh instead of with Hunzib. Geographic distribution Hunzib is not an official language, and it is rarely written. It is spoken in the Tsunta and Kizilyurt districts of Dagestan and in two villages across the Russian border in Georgia. Phonology Vowels Vowels in Hunzib may be short, long, or nasalized. Consonants Hunzib has 35 consonants. Three consonants, , , and , are only found in loanwords. Grammar Gender Like a number of other Northeast Caucasian languages, Hunzib has a grammatical gender system with five classes. The first classes, I and II mark male and fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar Language
Avar (, , "language of the mountains" or , , "Avar language"), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic languages, Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars (Caucasus), Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately one million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia. Geographic distribution It is spoken mainly in the western and southern parts of the Russian Caucasus republic of Dagestan, and the Balaken, Zaqatala Rayon, Zaqatala regions of north-western Azerbaijan. Some Avars (Caucasus), Avars live in other regions of Russia. There are also small communities of speakers living in the Russian republics of Chechnya and Kalmykia; in Georgia (country), Georgia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Jordan, and the Marmara Sea region of Turkey. It is spoken by about 1,200,000 people worldwide. UNESCO classifies Avar as vulnerable to extinction. Status It is one of six literary languages of Dagestan, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of The Caucasus
The Caucasian languages comprise a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains, which lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Linguistic comparison allows the classification of these languages into several different language families, with little or no discernible affinity to each other. However, the languages of the Caucasus are sometimes mistakenly referred to as a ''family'' of languages.Tuite, Kevin. (1999). The myth of the Caucasian Sprachbund: The case of ergativity. Lingua. 108. 1-29/ref> According to Asya Pereltsvaig, "grammatical differences between the three groups of languages are considerable. ..These differences force the more conservative historical linguistics to treat the three language families of the Caucasus as unrelated." Families indigenous to the Caucasus Three of these families have no current indigenous members outside the Caucasus, and are considered indigenous to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
