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Treaty Of Amity And Commerce Between France And Japan
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan (Japanese: 日仏修好通商条約) (1858) opened diplomatic relations and trade between the two counties. Description The treaty was signed in Edo on October 9, 1858, by Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros, the commander of the French expedition in China, assisted by Charles de Chassiron and Alfred de Moges, opening diplomatic relations between the two countries.Polak 2001, p. 29 The Treaty was signed following the signature of the Harris Treaty between the United States and Japan, as France, Russia, Great Britain, and Holland quickly followed the American example: Japan was forced to apply to other nations the conditions granted to the United States under the "most favoured nation" provision. These 1858 treaties with the five nations are known collectively as "Ansei Treaties".Auslin, p. 1 The most important points of these Unequal Treaties were: * exchange of diplomatic agents. * Edo, Kobe, Nagasaki, Niigata, and Yokohama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of Amity And Commerce Between Japan And Holland England France Russia And The United States 1858
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms; however, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties may be bilateral (between two countries) or multilateral (involving more than two countries). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations; the first known example is a border agreement between the Sumer, Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in some form by most major civilizations and became increasingly common and more sophisticated during the Early modern period, early modern era. The early 19th century saw developments in diplomacy, foreign policy, and international law reflected by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustave Duchesne De Bellecourt
Gustave Duchesne, Prince de Bellecourt (1817–1881) was a French diplomat who was active in Asia, and especially in Japan. He was the first French official representative in Japan from 1859 to 1864, following the signature of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan in 1858. China Gustave de Bellecourt was Secretary of the French legation in China in 1857, under Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros. He participated to the operation against China in the Second Opium War. In 1858, Gustave Duchesne de Bellecourt arrived in Japan as the secretary of the mission for the Franco-Japanese Treaty of Trade and Amity, led by Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros. Japan career The following year, he went again to Japan, arriving on 6 September 1859, and became the first French representative in the country, with the title of "Premier ministre plénipotentiaire de France au Japon". He was assisted by the translator Father Girard. Duchesne de Bellecourt played an important political role in Japan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Peace, Amity And Commerce Between Portugal And Japan (1860)
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and Portugal (日葡修好通商条約, Nichiro Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku - Tratado de Paz, Amizade e Commercio, entre Sua Magestade El Rei de Portugal e Sua Magestade o Imperador do Japão) was signed between Portugal and the Tokugawa Shogunate in Edo (now Tokyo) on August 3, 1860. It opened diplomatic relations and trade between the two countries. Historical Background The first encounters between Japan and Portuguese citizens date back to the early 1540s, when Portuguese explorers arrived on the Japanese island of Tanegashima. Trade between the two countries developed during the 17th century (so-called Nanban trade) until the Portuguese and other Christian nations were expelled from Japan in 1639 after the Shimabara Rebellion, leaving the Netherlands as only Western nation with formal trade relations with Japan ( Sakoku period). After an initial convention between the United States and Japan in 1854 ( Convention of Kanagawa), the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Japanese Treaty Of Amity And Commerce
The was signed on 26 August 1858 by Lord Elgin and the then representatives of the Japanese government (the Tokugawa shogunate), and was ratified between Queen Victoria and the Tycoon of Japan at Yedo on 11 July 1859. The concessions which Japan made in the treaty were threefold: *A representative of the British government would be permitted to reside at Edo. *Hakodate, Kanagawa and Nagasaki were to be opened to British commerce on 1 July 1859 and British subjects could travel within a range of 25 miles of each port. Hyogo would open on 1 January 1863. *British subjects would be allowed to reside in Edo from 1 January 1862 and Osaka from 1 January 1863. About this ratification ''The London Gazette'' published on 4 March 1859 says, "a Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce hath been agreed upon and concluded between Her Majesty and His Majesty the Tycoon of Japan, which was signed by the respective Plenipotentiaries of their said Majesties on the twenty-sixth day of Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Amity And Commerce Between Russia And Japan
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms; however, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties may be bilateral (between two countries) or multilateral (involving more than two countries). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations; the first known example is a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in some form by most major civilizations and became increasingly common and more sophisticated during the early modern era. The early 19th century saw developments in diplomacy, foreign policy, and international law reflected by the widespread use of treat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1858 Treaty Of Amity And Commerce Between The Netherlands And Japan
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and the Netherlands (日蘭修好通商条約, Nichiran Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku) was signed between the Netherlands and Tokugawa Shogunate in Edo (now Tokyo) on August 18, 1858. It opened several Japanese ports and cities for Dutch trade and confirmed extraterritoriality to Dutch nationals in Japan. It was one of the so-called Ansei Treaties. Background On 31 March 1854, the United States of America succeeded in concluding a treaty with the Japanese Shogunate, called the Convention of Kanagawa or Perry Treaty. As a consequence, the US had the right to establish a consulate in the coastal town of Shimoda. The first US Consul at Shimoda was Townsend Harris, who arrived in Shimoda on 21 August 1856. Great Britain succeeded in concluding a similar convention with the Shogunate on 14 October 1854. Russia concluded a treaty with Japan on 7 February 1855. The Russian Treaty bore basic elements of extraterritoriality for both Russ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Amity And Commerce (United States-Japan)
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms; however, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties may be bilateral (between two countries) or multilateral (involving more than two countries). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations; the first known example is a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in some form by most major civilizations and became increasingly common and more sophisticated during the early modern era. The early 19th century saw developments in diplomacy, foreign policy, and international law reflected by the widespread use of treat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Commerce And Navigation Between Japan And Russia
The Treaty of Shimoda (下田条約, ''Shimoda Jouyaku'') (formally Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and Russia 日露和親条約, ''Nichi-Ro Washin Jouyaku'') of February 7, 1855, was the first treaty between the Russian Empire, and the Empire of Japan, then under the administration of the Tokugawa shogunate. Following shortly after the Convention of Kanagawa signed between Japan and the United States, it effectively meant the end of Japan's 220-year-old policy of national seclusion (''sakoku''), by opening the ports of Nagasaki, Shimoda and Hakodate to Russian vessels. The treaty also established the position of Russian consuls in Japan and defined the borders between Japan and Russia. The isolation of Japan Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch, Koreans, and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ambassadors From France To Japan
The list of ambassadors of France to Japan began developing in the same year that the American Matthew C. Perry, Commodore Perry "opened" Japan's doors to the West. Franco-Japanese diplomatic relations were initially established during the Second French Empire, Second Empire of French history and the Edo period of Japanese history. List of heads of mission Ambassadors of the Second Empire Ambassadors of the Third Republic Ambassadors of the Fourth Republic Ambassadors of the Fifth Republic See also * Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan Notes References * Michael Auslin, Auslin, Michael R. (2004) ''Negotiating with Imperialism: The Unequal Treaties and the Culture of Japanese Diplomacy.''Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 56493769* Henry Wager Halleck, Halleck, Henry Wager. (1861) ''International law: or, Rules regulating the intercourse of states in peace and war'' New York: D. Van NostrandOCLC 852699* Medzini, Meron. (1971). ''French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, except during parts of the Kamakura period and Sengoku period when the shoguns themselves were figureheads, with real power in the hands of the of the Hōjō clan and of the Hosokawa clan. In addition, Taira no Kiyomori and Toyotomi Hideyoshi were leaders of the warrior class who did not hold the position of shogun, the highest office of the warrior class, yet gained the positions of and , the highest offices of the aristocratic class. As such, they ran their governments as its de facto rulers. The office of shogun was in practice hereditary, although over the course of the history of Japan several different clans held the position. The title was originally held by military commanders during the Heian period in the eighth and ninth centuries. When Minamoto no Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tōzen-ji
, is a Buddhist temple located in Takanawa, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The temple belongs to the Myōshin-ji branch of the Rinzai school of Japanese Zen.Cortazzi, Hugh. (2000) ''Collected Writings of Sir Hugh Cortazzi'', Vol. II, pp. 210211. One of the four great Zen temples of Edo, it is best known in history as the location of the first British legation in Japan during the Bakumatsu period and the site of a number of incidents against foreigners by pro-''sonnō jōi'' samurai. The temple's precincts were designated a National Historic Site in 2010. History The temple was established in 1610 in Akasaka by Ryōnan Zenji, and its name comes from the Dharma name of Itō Sukenori, ''daimyō'' of Obi Domain in Hyūga Province (preset day Miyazaki Prefecture). In 1636 it was relocated to its present location. At the time, the temple was directly on Edo Bay and for that reason was nicknamed ''Kaijō Zenrin'' (literally, "the Zen forest above the sea"). During the Edo Period it served as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
