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TikTok V. Garland
''TikTok, Inc. v. Garland'', , was a United States Supreme Court case brought by ByteDance Ltd. and TikTok challenging the constitutionality of the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (PAFACA) based on the Freedom of Speech Clause of the First Amendment, the Bill of Attainder Clause of Article One, Section Nine, and the Due Process Clause and Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment. The case was consolidated with ''Firebaugh v. Garland'', a lawsuit TikTok content creators filed which also challenged the law. Citing national security concerns, the U.S. Congress in April 2024 passed PAFACA which prohibits the hosting and distribution of apps determined by the President to present a significant national security threat if they are made by social media companies owned by foreign nationals or parent companies from countries designated as U.S. foreign adversaries, unless such companies are divested from the foreign entities. The law specifically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Foreign Adversaries
United States foreign adversaries, as formerly defined in the and currently defined in is "any foreign government or foreign non-government person determined by the Secretary to have engaged in a long-term pattern or serious instances of conduct significantly adverse to the national security of the United States or security and safety of United States persons". Current foreign adversaries In the , has officially defined the following countries as "foreign adversaries" as of July 18, 2024: * People's Republic of China, including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macau Special Administrative Region (China) * Republic of Cuba (Cuba) * Islamic Republic of Iran (Iran) * Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) * Russian Federation (Russia) * Venezuelan politician Nicolás Maduro (Maduro Regime) Impact Some state laws prohibit individuals from foreign adversaries buying property asset. For example, Louisiana state law prohibits foreign adversarie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Attorney General
The United States attorney general is the head of the United States Department of Justice and serves as the chief law enforcement officer of the Federal government of the United States, federal government. The attorney general acts as the principal legal advisor to the president of the United States on all legal matters. The attorney general is also a statutory member of the Cabinet of the United States and a member of the United States National Security Council. Additionally, the attorney general is seventh in the United States presidential line of succession, presidential line of succession. Under the Appointments Clause of the Constitution of the United States, United States Constitution, the officeholder is nominated by the president of the United States, and, following a confirmation hearing before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Senate Judiciary Committee, will take office if confirmed by the majority of the full United States Senate. The attorney gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joe Biden
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who was the 46th president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he served as the 47th vice president of the United States, vice president from 2009 to 2017 and represented Delaware in the U.S. Senate from 1973 to 2009. Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Biden graduated from the University of Delaware in 1965 and the Syracuse University College of Law in 1968. He was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970 and the 1972 United States Senate election in Delaware, U.S. Senate in 1972. US Senate career of Joe Biden, As a senator, Biden chaired the Senate United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Judiciary Committee and United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Foreign Relations Committee. He drafted and led passage of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act. He also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Law 118-50
Public Law 118-50 (referred to as the National Security Act, 2024 in drafts) is an appropriations bill enacted by the 118th Congress and signed into law by president Joe Biden on April 24, 2024. It provides $95.3 billion of foreign aid for Ukraine, Israel, and Taiwan, and includes the 21st Century Peace through Strength Act, which itself includes the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act. It also includes the Protecting Americans' Data from Foreign Adversaries Act that bans data broker companies from selling Americans personal data to U.S. foreign adversaries. Legislative history The law passed the House of Representatives on April 20, 2024, as , , , and . The law passed the Senate on April 23. It was signed on April 24. See also * 2024 United States federal budget * United States support for Israel in the Gaza war * List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War References External links Public Law 118–50as amendedPDF ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Washington Post
''The Washington Post'', locally known as ''The'' ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'' or ''WP'', is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington metropolitan area and has a national audience. As of 2023, the ''Post'' had 130,000 print subscribers and 2.5 million digital subscribers, both of which were the List of newspapers in the United States, third-largest among U.S. newspapers after ''The New York Times'' and ''The Wall Street Journal''. The ''Post'' was founded in 1877. In its early years, it went through several owners and struggled both financially and editorially. In 1933, financier Eugene Meyer (financier), Eugene Meyer purchased it out of bankruptcy and revived its health and reputation; this work was continued by his successors Katharine Graham, Katharine and Phil Graham, Meyer's daughter and son-in-law, respectively, who bought out several rival publications. The ''Post ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mike Gallagher (American Politician)
Michael or Mike Gallagher may refer to: Politics * Michael Gallagher (academic) Michael Gallagher (born 1951) is a political scientists, political scientist. He is professor of comparative politics and head of the Department of Political Science at the Trinity College Dublin. Education Trained as a computer scientist, Gallag ... (born 1951), British political scientist at Trinity College, Dublin, inventor of the Gallagher Index * Michael Gallagher (British politician) (1934–2015), British MEP 1979–1984 * Michael Gallagher (political advisor) (born 1964), American presidential adviser and president and CEO of the Entertainment Software Association * Mike Gallacher (born 1961), Australian politician * Mike Gallagher (American politician) (born 1984), Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Wisconsin's 8th congressional district * Mike Gallagher (political commentator) (born 1960), American radio host and conservative political commentator Sports * Michael Gallagher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congressional Research Service
The Congressional Research Service (CRS) is a public policy research institute of the United States Congress. Operating within the Library of Congress, it works primarily and directly for members of Congress and their committees and staff on a confidential, nonpartisan basis. CRS is sometimes known as Congress' think tank due to its broad mandate of providing research and analysis on all matters relevant to national policymaking. CRS has roughly 600 employees, who have a wide variety of expertise and disciplines, including lawyers, economists, historians, political scientists, reference librarians, and scientists. In the 2023 fiscal year, it was appropriated a budget of roughly $133.6 million by Congress. Modeled after the Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, CRS was founded during the height of the Progressive Era as part of a broader effort to professionalize the government by providing independent research and information to public officials. Its work was initially ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Verge
''The Verge'' is an American Technology journalism, technology news website headquarters, headquartered in Lower Manhattan, New York City and operated by Vox Media. The website publishes news, feature stories, guidebooks, product reviews, consumer electronics news, and podcasts. The website was launched on November 1, 2011, and uses Vox Media's proprietary multimedia publishing platform Chorus. In 2014, Nilay Patel was named editor-in-chief and Dieter Bohn executive editor; Helen Havlak was named editorial director in 2017. ''The Verge'' won five Webby Awards for the year 2012 including awards for Best Writing (Editorial), Best Podcast for ''The Vergecast'', Best Visual Design, Best Consumer Electronics Site, and Best Mobile News App. History Origins Between March and April 2011, up to nine of ''Engadget''s writers, editors, and product developers, including editor-in-chief Joshua Topolsky, left AOL, the company behind that website, to start a new gadget site. The other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intermediate Scrutiny
Intermediate scrutiny, in U.S. constitutional law, is the second level of deciding issues using judicial review. The other levels are typically referred to as rational basis review (least rigorous) and strict scrutiny (most rigorous). In order to overcome the intermediate scrutiny test, it must be shown that the law or policy being challenged furthers an ''important'' government interest by means that are substantially related to that interest. Intermediate scrutiny may be contrasted with "strict scrutiny", the higher standard of review that requires narrowly tailored and least restrictive means to further a ''compelling'' governmental interest, and " rational basis review", a lower standard of review that requires the law or policy be rationally related to a ''legitimate'' government interest. This approach is most often employed in reviewing limits on commercial speech, content-neutral regulations of speech, and state actions discriminating on the basis of sex. Laws subject ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Per Curiam Decision
In law, a ''per curiam'' decision or opinion (sometimes called an unsigned opinion) is one that is not authored by or attributed to a specific judge, but rather ascribed to the entire court or panel of judges who heard the case. The term is Latin for . United States Federal The decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court are generally not ''per curiam'', with exceptions. Their decisions more commonly take the form of one or more opinions signed by individual justices which are then joined in by other justices. Unanimous and signed opinions are not considered ''per curiam'' decisions, as only the court can officially designate opinions as ''per curiam''. ''Per curiam'' decisions tend to be short. In modern practice, they are most commonly used in summary decisions that the Court resolves without full argument and briefing. The designation is stated at the beginning of the opinion. Single-line ''per curiam'' decisions are also issued without concurrence or dissent by a hung Supreme Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certiorari
In law, ''certiorari'' is a court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or government agency. ''Certiorari'' comes from the name of a prerogative writ in England, issued by a superior court to direct that the record of the lower court be sent to the superior court for review. Derived from the English common law, ''certiorari'' is prevalent in countries using, or influenced by, the common law''.'' It has evolved in the legal system of each nation, as court decisions and statutory amendments are made. In modern law, ''certiorari'' is recognized in many jurisdictions, including England and Wales (now called a "quashing order"), Canada, India, Ireland, the Philippines and the United States. With the expansion of administrative law in the 19th and 20th centuries, the writ of ''certiorari'' has gained broader use in many countries, to review the decisions of administrative bodies as well as lower courts. Etymology The term ''certiorari'' (US English: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
