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Tetramelas Gariwerdensis
''Tetramelas gariwerdensis'' is a species of saxicolous lichen, saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae, described in 2020. It is found in the Grampian Mountains in western Victoria (state), Victoria, Australia. Taxonomy ''Tetramelas gariwerdensis'' is named after its type (biology)#Type locality, type locality in the Gariwerd (Grampians mountain range) in Victoria (state), Victoria, Australia. This region holds cultural significance for the Djab Wurrung and the Jardwadjali, the traditional people of the area. The species is similar to ''Tetramelas darbishirei'', but is distinguished by its , crustose thallus instead of a somewhat erect, thallus. Description ''Tetramelas gariwerdensis'' is distinguished by its crust-like () and tiled () thallus, which can spread up to 15 mm in width and 0.3 mm in thickness. The individual tile-like sections () vary in shape from round to irregular or angular and range in size from 0.3 to 1 mm wide. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Alan Elix
John Alan (Jack) Elix (born 1941) emeritus professor in chemistry at the Australian National University, is an organic chemist who has contributed in many fields: lichenology, lichen chemotaxonomy, plant physiology and biodiversity and natural product chemistry. He has authored 2282 species names, and 67 genera in the field of mycology. Elix edited the exsiccata series ''Lichenes Australasici exsiccati.'' Education His first degree, B.Sc., and his Ph.D. were both in organic chemistry from the University of Adelaide. This was followed by post-doctoral years at the University of Cambridge and then a D.Sc. in natural products chemistry from the Australian National University. Career Elix spent a post doctoral year in 1966 at Cambridge, returning to Australia in 1967 to a lectureship in chemistry at the ANU. He retired as professor of chemistry in 2002, becoming professor emeritus. By 1975 he had already published several papers on the organic chemistry of lichens, and ul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacidia
''Bacidia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846. Description ''Bacidia'' is characterised by its crustose (crust-like) growth form. The main body (thallus) of these lichens typically appears as a thin layer that can be smooth, cracked, warty, or in texture. The thallus may sometimes develop specialised structures such as soredia (powdery propagules), isidia (small outgrowths), or tiny scale-like features. Its colour usually ranges from whitish to pale green, greenish-grey, pale grey, or fawn. Like all lichens, ''Bacidia'' species represent a symbiotic partnership with algae. Their (algal partner) belongs to the group, featuring spherical or broadly oval-shaped cells. The fungal component produces distinctive reproductive structures called apothecia, which are disc-shaped and typically measure up to 1 mm across (occasionally reaching 1.3 mm). These apothecia sit directly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliciales
Caliciales is an order of mostly lichenized fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It consists of two families: Caliciaceae and Physciaceae, which together contain 54 genera and more than 1200 species. The order was circumscribed by American botanist Charles Edwin Bessey in 1907. Families and genera , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 2 families, 56 genera, and 910 species in the Caliciales. *Caliciaceae ::'' Acolium'' – 5 spp. ::'' Acroscyphus'' – 1 sp. ::'' Allocalicium'' – 1 sp. ::''Amandinea'' – 83 spp. ::'' Australiaena'' – 1 sp. ::'' Baculifera'' – 18 spp. ::''Buellia'' – 201 spp. ::''Calicium'' – 36 spp. ::'' Chrismofulvea'' – 3 spp. ::'' Ciposia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Cratiria'' – 23 spp. ::'' Dermatiscum'' – 2 sp. ::'' Dermiscellum'' – 1 sp. ::'' Dimelaena'' – 10 spp. ::'' Diploicia'' – 6 spp. ::'' Diplotomma'' – 12 spp. ::''Dirinaria'' – 18 spp. ::'' Endohyalina'' – 10 sp. ::'' Fluctua'' – 1 sp. ::'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia
''Xanthoparmelia'' (commonly known as green rock shields or rock-shield lichens) is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, South America, southern Africa, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. The name means 'golden yellow parmelia'. The photobiont (photosynthetic partner) is ''Trebouxia'' (a genus of green algae). Taxonomy ''Xanthoparmelia'' was originally conceived of as a section of the genus '' Parmelia'' by Brazilian lichenologist Edvard August Vainio in 1890, to accommodate yellow species with narrow lobes. Mason Hale considered that the combination of traits including the presence of the cortical pigment usnic acid, and the microscopic structure of the upper cortex were sufficient criteria to segregate ''Xanthoparmelia'' from the genus ''Parmelia''. He formally transferred 93 species, including the type, '' X ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizocarpon Geographicum
''Rhizocarpon geographicum'' (the map lichen) is a species of lichen, which grows on rocks in mountainous areas of low air pollution. Each lichen is a flat patch bordered by a black line of fungal hyphae. These patches grow adjacent to each other, leading to the appearance of a map or a patchwork field. When circular, or roughly circular, the diameter of this lichen species has been widely used to help determining the relative age of deposits, e.g. moraine systems, thus revealing evidence of glacial advances. The process is termed lichenometry. This technique is generally attributed to the work of Roland Beschel in the Alps. Lichenometry is based on the assumption that the largest lichen growing on a rock is the oldest individual. Generally, the five largest lichen thalli diameters are taken, although several statistical methods have been used. If the growth rate is known, the maximum lichen size will give a minimum age for when this rock was deposited. The growth rate curve, a g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramboldia Petraeoides
''Ramboldia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramboldiaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1994 by Gintaras Kantvilas and John Alan Elix. It was emended in 2008 by the inclusion of '' Pyrrhospora'' species containing the anthraquinone russulone in their apothecia and having a prosoplectenchymatous exciple. The family Ramboldiaceae was circumscribed in 2014 to contain the genus. The genus name of ''Ramboldia'' is in honour of Gerhard Walter Rambold (b.1956), a German botanist (Lichenology and Mycology). He was also interested in Zoology and was a professor at Munich and Bayreuth. He was a colleague of the authors, Kantvilas and Elix. Species *''Ramboldia amagiensis'' *'' Ramboldia amarkantakana'' *''Ramboldia arandensis'' *'' Ramboldia atromarginata'' *''Ramboldia aurantiaca'' *''Ramboldia aurea'' *''Ramboldia badia'' – Brazil *''Ramboldia blastidiata'' *''Ramboldia blochiana'' – North America, Central America, South America, West Indies *''Rambo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecidea Lygomma
''Lecidea'' is a genus of crustose lichens with a carbon-black ring or outer margin (exciple) around the fruiting body disc (apothecium), usually (or always) found growing on (saxicolous) or in (endolithic) rock.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Lichens that have such a black exciple are called lecideine, meaning "like ''Lecidea'', even if they are not in this genus. Members of the genus are commonly called disk lichens or tile lichens. Selected species According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains an estimated 427 species. * ''Lecidea atrobrunnea'' * ''Lecidea hassei'' * ''Lecidea keimioeensis'' * ''Lecidea laboriosa'' * ''Lecidea lithophila ''Lecidea'' is a genus of crustose lichens with a carbon-black ring or outer margin ( exciple) around the fruiting body disc ( apothecium), usually (or always) found growing on (saxicolous) or in (endolithic An endolith or endolithic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buellia Ocellata
''Buellia'' is a genus of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The fungi are usually part of a crustose lichen. In this case, the lichen species is given the same name as the fungus. But members may also grow as parasites on lichens ( lichenicolous). The algae in the lichen (the photobiont partner) is always a member of the genus ''Trebouxia''. Lichens in the genus are commonly called disc lichens, or button lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, The genus has a widespread distribution and contains almost 1000 species. Genetic studies indicate that the genus ''Amandinea'' and ''Buellia'' may be the same, although this is not widely accepted.Amandinea punctata in the Joshua Tree National Park (California, U.S.A.) Map collection: Kerry Knudsen, Kocourková Jana; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Ecology, Czech Republic; 2012 The genus ''Buellia'' was desc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buellia Aethalea
''Buellia aethalea'' is a species of lichen that belongs to the family Caliciaceae. It is commonly known as darkened button lichen, and ''Buellie noircie'' in French. The lichen's familiar nickname is inspired by the appearance of its surface, adorned with small black spots reminiscent of buttons. Description The thallus of this crustose lichen has a distinctive areolate structure, with the individual areoles varying considerably in their appearance. They typically range from 0.2–0.6(−1.2) mm in diameter, displaying an angular, irregular shape. The areoles can exhibit a pale to dark grey coloration, sometimes taking on a brownish tint that gives the thallus a discolored look. Separating the areoles is a narrow, black prothallus that helps delineate the edges of the thallus. Examining the thallus microscopically reveals a white medulla that lacks any deposits of calcium oxalate. Reproductive structures on this lichen are represented by its lecideine apothecia, which remain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circinaria Caesiocinerea
''Circinaria caesiocinerea'' is a species of crustose lichen belonging to the family Megasporaceae. It was first described as ''Lecanora caesiocinerea'' in 1869 by William Nylander, but was transferred to the genus '' Circinaria'' in 2010 by Anders Nordin, Sanja Savić, and Leif Tibell Leif Tibell (born 16 November 1944) is a Swedish lichenologist and Emeritus Professor at the University of Uppsala. He is known for his expertise on calicioid lichens. He was awarded the Acharius Medal in 2012 for lifetime achievements in lich .... References Megasporaceae Lichen species Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist) Lichens described in 1869 {{Pertusariales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atranorin
Atranorin is a chemical substance produced by some species of lichen. It is a secondary metabolite belonging to a group of compounds known as depsides. Atranorin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. In rare cases, people can have an allergic reaction Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include Allergic rhinitis, hay fever, Food allergy, food al ... to atranorin. References Further reading * * * * Polyphenols Lichen products {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional Scaling (geometry), scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a Surface (mathematics), surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables. Among quadric surfaces, an ellipsoid is characterized by either of the two following properties. Every planar Cross section (geometry), cross section is either an ellipse, or is empty, or is reduced to a single point (this explains the name, meaning "ellipse-like"). It is Bounded set, bounded, which means that it may be enclosed in a sufficiently large sphere. An ellipsoid has three pairwise perpendicular Rotational symmetry, axes of symmetry which intersect at a Central symmetry, center of symmetry, called the center of the ellipsoid. The line segments that are delimited on the axes of symmetry by the ellipsoid are called the ''principal ax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
