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Tairō
''Tairō'' (, "great elder") was a high-ranking official position in the Tokugawa shogunate government of Japan, roughly comparable to the office of prime minister. The ''tairō'' presided over the governing '' rōjū'' council in the event of an emergency. A ''tairō'' was nominated from among the '' fudai daimyōs'', who worked closely with the Tokugawa traditionally. Generally, the office holder was the shogunate's chief policymaker, and provided Japan with a capable temporary leader in the absence of a ''shōgun'', or in the event that the ''shōgun'' was incapacitated. List of ''tairō'' See also * The Five Tairō Notes References * Cullen, Louis M. (2003). ''A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 442929163* Sansom, George Bailey. (1963). ''A History of Japan: 1615-1867.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ii Naosuke
was a ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of Hikone (1850–1860) and also '' Tairō'' of the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan, a position he held from April 23, 1858, until his assassination in the Sakuradamon Incident on March 24, 1860. He is most famous for signing the Harris Treaty with the United States, granting access to ports for trade to American merchants and seamen and extraterritoriality to American citizens. He was also an enthusiastic and accomplished practitioner of the Japanese tea ceremony, in the ''Sekishūryū'' style, and his writings include at least two works on the tea ceremony. Under Ii Naosuke's guidance, the Tokugawa shogunate navigated past a particularly difficult conflict over the succession to the ailing and childless Tokugawa Iesada. Ii Naosuke managed to coerce the Tokugawa shogunate to the last brief resurgence of its power and position in Japanese society before the start of the Meiji period. Ii was assassinated in the Sakuradamon incident by a group of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakai Tadakiyo
, also known as Uta-no-kami, Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (1999) ''Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed,'' p. 442./ref> was a ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) in Kōzuke Province, and a high-ranking government advisor and official in the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. Sansom, George Bailey. (1963) ''A History of Japan: 1615-1867,'' pp. 54 The Sakai were identified as one of the '' fudai'' or insider ''daimyō'' clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan,Alpert, Georges. (1888) ''Ancien Japon,'' pp. 76-77 in contrast with the '' tozama'' or outsider clans. Sakai clan genealogy Tadakiyo was part of the senior branch of the Sakai. The ''fudai'' Sakai clan originated in 14th century Mikawa Province.Appert p. 76 The Sakai claim descent from Minamoto Arichika. Arichika had two sons: one of them, Yasuchika, took the name Matsudaira; and the other son, Chikauji, took the name Sakai — and this samurai ancestor is the progenitor of this clan's name. Papinot, Edmo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotta Masatoshi
was a ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) in Shimōsa Province, and top government advisor and official in the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He served as ''rōjū'' (chief advisor) to ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Ietsuna from 1679–80, and as ''Tairō'' (head of the ''rōjū'' council) under Tokugawa Tsunayoshi from the 12th day of the 11th lunar month of 1681 until his death on 7 October 1684. Life and career Masatoshi’s father was Hotta Masamori, advisor (''Tairō'') under the previous ''shōgun'', Tokugawa Iemitsu, who committed ''seppuku'' upon Iemitsu's death in 1651. Masatoshi was then adopted by Iemitsu's nurse, Kasuga no Tsubone. He served as personal secretary to the next ''shōgun'', Tokugawa Ietsuna, for a time, before being appointed ''wakadoshiyori'' (junior councillor) in 1670. Ietsuna was already quite ill when Masatoshi was appointed ''rōjū'' in 1679, and died the following summer. At this time, another ''rōjū'', Sakai Tadakiyo, in a bid for personal power, proposed that the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Five Elders
In the history of Japan, the was a group of five powerful formed in 1598 by the Toyotomi Hideyoshi, shortly before his death the same year. While Hideyoshi was on his deathbed, his son, Toyotomi Hideyori, was still only five years old and as such Hideyoshi needed to create the council in order to ensure his heir would be able to succeed him after coming of age. They also acted as advisers for the , which had also been established by Hideyoshi to govern Kyoto and the surrounding areas. Creation of the Council Leading up to the creation of the council Hideyoshi had been slowly changing in demeanor as the invasions of Korea (in attempt to conquer both Korea and China) were failing. Hideyoshi himself had not joined the Korean Campaigns and assigned vassals in his command to head the campaign. He sent his final force of 140,000 to Korea in 1597, but the efforts were fruitless. Hideyoshi's execution of family members were also one of the reasons for questioning his sanity du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakai Tadayo
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Sengoku period, and high-ranking government advisor, holding the title of ''Rōjū'', and later '' Tairō''. The son of Sakai Shigetada, Tadayo was born in Nishio, Mikawa Province; his childhood name was Manchiyo. He became a trusted elder (''rōjū'') in Toyotomi Hideyoshi's government, alongside Tokugawa Ieyasu. Under Hideyoshi, he was made lord of Kawagoe Castle (in Musashi Province, today Saitama Prefecture) and later of Nagoya Castle in Kyūshū's Hizen Province. In 1600, in the lead-up to the decisive Sekigahara campaign, he fought against the Tokugawa at Aizu, and submitted to them at the siege of Ueda. Thus, having joined the Tokugawa prior to the battle of Sekigahara itself, Sakai was made a '' fudai daimyō'', and counted among the Tokugawa's more trusted retainers. He served under Ieyasu for a time, and under the second shōgun, Tokugawa Hidetada, as a ''hatamoto''. Sakai's father died in 1617, and so he inherited his father's do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakai Tadashige
was the 8th Japanese Daimyō of the Sakai clan, Himeji Domain and the last Tairō (Chief Minister) of the Tokugawa Shogunate. He was appointed Tairō on 26 February 1865 after the assassination of Ii Naosuke, until his dismissal on 29 December 1865. A staunch supporter of the reforming of the Bakufu government and punitive actions towards the Chōshū Domain The , also known as the , was a domain (''han'') of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871.Deal, William E. (2005) ''Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan,'' p. 81 The Chōshū Domain was based ... rebels, he tried to accelerate the Westernization of the Japanese military and purged Imperialists during his short term. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Sakai, Tadashige Fudai daimyo Sakai clan People of the Edo period 1827 births 1895 deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rōjū
The , usually translated as ''Elder (administrative title), Elder'', was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two ''shōguns'', there were only two ''Rōjū''. The number was then increased to five, and later reduced to four. The ''Rōjū'' were usually appointed from the ranks of the ''fudai daimyōs'' with domains of between 25,000 and 50,000 ''koku''. Duties The ''Rōjū'' had a number of responsibilities, most clearly delineated in the 1634 ordinance that reorganized the government and created a number of new posts: :#Relations with the Emperor of Japan, Emperor, the Court, and the Prince-Abbots. :#Supervision of those ''daimyō'' who controlled lands worth at least 10,000 ''koku''. :#Managing the forms taken by official documents in official communications. :#Supervision of the internal affairs of the Shogun's domains. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doi Toshikatsu
was a top-ranking official in Japan's Tokugawa shogunate during its early decades, and one of the chief advisors to the second Tokugawa shōgun, Hidetada. The adopted son of Doi Toshimasa, Toshikatsu is generally believed to be the biological son of Mizuno Nobumoto, though there are some who claim he was an illegitimate son of shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu. He served the shogunate as advisor to shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada for many years, and played an important role in communicating and overseeing the enforcement of shogunal policy across the country; Doi also helped effect trade and diplomatic relations between Japan and the Thai Kingdom of Ayutthaya. He lost much of his influence and power upon Hidetada's death in 1632. Six years later, Doi became one of the first to be appointed to the newly created post of '' Tairō'' (Great Elder), and was made ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of Koga Domain in Shimōsa Province, with a revenue of 160,000 ''koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu
was a Japanese samurai of the Edo period. He was an official in the Tokugawa shogunate and a favourite of the fifth shōgun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. His second concubine was Ogimachi Machiko, a writer and scholar from the noble court who wrote monogatari.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu''" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File. Career The Yanagisawa house traced descent to the "Kai-Genji," the branch of the Minamoto clan which had been enfeoffed with the province of Kai in the eleventh century. Yoshiyasu served Tsunayoshi from an early age, becoming his '' Wakashū'' and eventually rose to the position of ''soba yōnin''. He was the ''daimyō'' of the Kawagoe han, and later of the Kōfu han in Kai Province, a signature honour as it has been the fief held by Tsunayoshi before becoming ''shōgun'', and of Ienobu, his heir apparent, as well as having an historic f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
was the fifth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the younger brother of Tokugawa Ietsuna, as well as the son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Tokugawa, Tsunayoshi''" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File. Tsunayoshi is known for instituting animal welfare laws, particularly for dogs. This earned him the nickname of "the dog ''Shogun''" (''Inu-Kubō'' 犬公方: ''Inu=''Dog, ''Kubō''=formal title of Shogun). Early years (1646–1680) Tokugawa Tsunayoshi was born on 23 February 1646, in Edo. He was the son of Tokugawa Iemitsu by one of his concubines, named Otama, later known as Keishōin 桂昌院 (1627–1705). Tsunayoshi had an elder brother already five years old, who would become the next shogun after Iemitsu's death, Tokugawa Ietsuna. Tsunayoshi was born in Edo and af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakai Tadakatsu
was a Sengoku period Japanese samurai, and early Edo period ''daimyō'' and served in several important positions within the administration of the Tokugawa shogunate. Papinot, Edmond. (2003)''Nobiliare du Japon'' Sakai. pp. 50–51 Biography Tadakatsu was born in Nishio, Mikawa Province as the son of Sakai Tadatoshi, a hereditary retainer of Tokugawa Ieyasu and future ''daimyō'' of Kawagoe Domain. In 1591, he was awarded a 3000 ''koku'' fief in Shimōsa Province. In 1600, he was assigned to the train of Tokugawa Hidetada in the Battle of Sekigahara and participated in Hidetada's failed attempt to defeat the Sanada clan at the Siege of Ueda. He was awarded the court rank of Lower 5th, Junior Grade and the courtesy title of ''Sanuki-no-kami'' in 1607. Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (1999)''Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed'' University of Hawaii Press. p. 442. In 1620, Shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada assigned Tadatoshi to the court of his son, Tokugawa Iemitsu and gained him ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Iemochi
(17 July 1846 – 29 August 1866) was the 14th '' shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866. During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. Iemochi's reign also saw a weakening of the shogunate. Iemochi died in 1866 and was buried in Zōjō-ji. His Buddhist name was Shonmyoin. Biography Iemochi, known in his childhood as Kikuchiyo (菊千代), was the eldest son of the 11th-generation Wakayama Domain lord Tokugawa Nariyuki (1801–1846) with his concubine known as Jitsujoin and was born in the domain's residence in Edo (modern-day Minato-ku in Tokyo). Nariyuki was a younger son of the 11th ''shōgun'', Tokugawa Ienari. In 1847, at age 1, he was adopted as the heir of the 12th-generation ''daimyō'' Tokugawa Narikatsu, and succeeded him in 1850, taking the name Tokugawa Yoshitomi following his coming of age in 1851. In 1858 he had audience with ''shōgun'' Iesada and h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
