Specification (other)

	Specification (other) Specification may refer to: * Specification is the term used for the first stage in cellular differentiation * Specification (technical standard), an explicit set of requirements * Specification (legal concept), from Roman Law * Formal specification, describing computer software by mathematical means ** Specification language * Model specification, the practice of translating theory into a statistical model * Patent specification, part of a patent application * Regional specification In the field of developmental biology, regional differentiation is the process by which different areas are identified in the development of the early embryo. The process by which the cells become specified differs between organisms. Cell fate det ..., identifying different areas of the early embryo in biology See also * * {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Cellular Differentiation Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell alters from one type to a differentiated one. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type. Differentiation happens multiple times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Although metabolic composition does get altered quite dramatical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Specification (technical Standard) A specification often refers to a set of documented requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service. A specification is often a type of technical standard. There are different types of technical or engineering specifications (specs), and the term is used differently in different technical contexts. They often refer to particular documents, and/or particular information within them. The word ''specification'' is broadly defined as "to state explicitly or in detail" or "to be specific". A requirement specification is a documented requirement, or set of documented requirements, to be satisfied by a given material, design, product, service, etc. It is a common early part of engineering design and product development processes in many fields. A functional specification is a kind of requirement specification, and may show functional block diagrams. A design or product specification describes the features of the ''solutions'' for the Requirement Specificatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Specification (legal Concept) ''Specificatio'' is a legal concept adopted from Roman law. It is an original mode of acquisition, since it involves deriving rights over objects that are not subject to pre-existing rights of ownership. Roman law In Roman law, ''specificatio'' referred to the acquisition of a new species arising from a change of species. When was a ''nova species'' created? A ''nova species'' was created when the new thing had a new identity or name. Nicholas rationalises this rule by reference to the ''rei vindicatio'' which requires the vindicator to name the subject of the ''rei vindicatio''. The rights over the old items became extinguished if one could not name the item and have the ''iudex'' recognise it in the thing. The tests mentioned by Thomas are: # If a thing belongs in a different commercial category, e.g. marble blocks and marble statues # If the materials were still recognisable as what they had been. Ownership of the ''nova species'' The position in the ''Institutes'' o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Formal Specification In computer science, formal specifications are mathematically based techniques whose purpose are to help with the implementation of systems and software. They are used to describe a system, to analyze its behavior, and to aid in its design by verifying key properties of interest through rigorous and effective reasoning tools. These specifications are ''formal'' in the sense that they have a syntax, their semantics fall within one domain, and they are able to be used to infer useful information. Motivation In each passing decade, computer systems have become increasingly more powerful and, as a result, they have become more impactful to society. Because of this, better techniques are needed to assist in the design and implementation of reliable software. Established engineering disciplines use mathematical analysis as the foundation of creating and validating product design. Formal specifications are one such way to achieve this in software engineering reliability as once predicted. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Specification Language A specification language is a formal language in computer science used during systems analysis, requirements analysis, and systems design to describe a system at a much higher level than a programming language, which is used to produce the executable code for a system. Joseph Goguen "One, None, A Hundred Thousand Specification Languages" Invited Paper, IFIP Congress 1986 pp 995-1004 Overview Specification languages are generally not directly executed. They are meant to describe the ''what'', not the ''how''. Indeed, it is considered as an error if a requirement specification is cluttered with unnecessary implementation detail. A common fundamental assumption of many specification approaches is that programs are modelled as algebraic or model-theoretic structures that include a collection of sets of data values together with functions over those sets. This level of abstraction coincides with the view that the correctness of the input/output behaviour of a program takes preced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Model Specification In statistics, model specification is part of the process of building a statistical model: specification consists of selecting an appropriate functional form for the model and choosing which variables to include. For example, given personal income y together with years of schooling s and on-the-job experience x, we might specify a functional relationship y = f(s,x) as follows: : \ln y = \ln y_0 + \rho s + \beta_1 x + \beta_2 x^2 + \varepsilon where \varepsilon is the unexplained error term that is supposed to comprise independent and identically distributed Gaussian variables. The statistician Sir David Cox has said, "How hetranslation from subject-matter problem to statistical model is done is often the most critical part of an analysis". Specification error and bias Specification error occurs when the functional form or the choice of independent variables poorly represent relevant aspects of the true data-generating process. In particular, bias (the expected value of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Patent Application A patent application is a request pending at a patent office for the grant of a patent for an invention described in the patent specification and a set of one or more claims stated in a formal document, including necessary official forms and related correspondence. It is the combination of the document and its processing within the administrative and legal framework of the patent office. To obtain the grant of a patent, a person, either legal or natural, must file an application at a patent office with the jurisdiction to grant a patent in the geographic area over which coverage is required. This is often a national patent office, but may be a regional body, such as the European Patent Office. Once the patent specification complies with the laws of the office concerned, a patent may be granted for the invention described and claimed by the specification. The process of "negotiating" or "arguing" with a patent office for the grant of a patent, and interaction with a patent offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]