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Soviet Annexation Of Estonia
The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officially the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic,, russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика was an ethnically based administrative subdivision of the former Soviet Union (USSR) covering the occupied and annexed territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991. The Estonian SSR was nominally established to replace the until then independent Republic of Estonia on 21 July 1940, a month after the 16–17 June 1940 Soviet military invasion and occupation of the country during World War II. After the installation of a Stalinist government which, backed by the occupying Soviet Red Army, declared Estonia a Soviet constituency, the Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a "union republic" on 6 August 1940. Estonia was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, and administered as a part of ''Reichskommissariat Ostland'' until it was reconquer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of The Baltic States
The Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were invaded and occupied in June 1940 by the Soviet Union, under the leadership of Stalin and auspices of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact that had been signed between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in August 1939, immediately before the outbreak of World War II. The three countries were then annexed into the Soviet Union (formally as "constituent republics") in August 1940. The United States and most other Western countries never recognised this incorporation, considering it illegal. On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union and within weeks occupied the Baltic territories. In July 1941, the Third Reich incorporated the Baltic territory into its ''Reichskommissariat Ostland''. As a result of the Red Army's Baltic Offensive of 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured most of the Baltic states and trapped the remaining German forces in the Courland pocket until their formal surrender in May 1945. Latvian plenipotenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of The Soviet Union
The Government of the Soviet Union ( rus, Прави́тельство СССР, p=prɐˈvʲitʲɪlʲstvə ɛs ɛs ɛs ˈɛr, r=Pravítelstvo SSSR, lang=no), formally the All-Union Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, commonly abbreviated to Soviet Government, was the executive and administrative organ of state in the former Soviet Union. It had four different names throughout its existence; Council of People's Commissars (1923–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1991), Cabinet of Ministers (January – August 1991) and Committee on the Operational Management of the National Economy (August–December 1991). It also was known as Workers-Peasants Government of the Soviet Union. The government was led by a chairman, most commonly referred to as " premier" by outside observers. The chairman was nominated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and elected by delegates at the first plenary session of a newly elected Supreme Sovi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Soviet Of The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR ( Estonian: ''Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu'') was the rubber stamp "legislative assembly" of the Estonian SSR – an administrative subunit of the Soviet Union in 1940–1991. After its first democratic elections on 18 March 1990, the institution was renamed the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia on 8 May 1990. Organization The structure and formal functions of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR were copied from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The sessions of the Supreme Soviet lasted only several days twice a year and decisions were made unanimously and without much discussion. Supreme Soviet elections were irregular until 1975 and were held every five years in 1975–1985. The Supreme Soviet gathered in Tallinn, in the Toompea Castle building which now houses the Riigikogu. Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet Presidents of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet The presidium was the permanent body of the Supreme Soviet. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indrek Toome
Indrek Toome (born 19 September 1943) is a former communist Estonian politician and businessman. He served from 1988 to 1990, and was the last Prime Minister (head of the Council of Ministers) of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. Early life Toome was born into a working-class family in Tallinn. He completed his studies in 1968 as an electrical engineer at the Polytechnic Institute in Tallinn (Estonian ''Tallinna Polütehniline Instituut,'' now Tallinn University of Technology). Career From 1972 to 1990, Toome held various senior posts in the Leninist Young Communist League of Estonia (''Eestimaa Leninlik Kommunistlik Noorsooühing'' - ELKNÜ) and the Communist Party of Estonia (ERP). From 16 November 1988 until 1990, Toome was chairman of the Ministers of the Estonian SSR and therefore prime minister of communist Estonia. It was under his leadership that the government succumbed to pressure from the Singing Revolution, the peaceful liberation of Estonia from the dom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Lauristin
Johannes Lauristin (pseudonym: Juhan Madarik; 29 October 1899 – 28 August 1941) was an Estonian communist politician, activist, writer and statesman who served as the first Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. Hs wife was communist politician Olga Lauristin and his daughter was politician Marju Lauristin. Biography Lauristin was born in to a family of industrial workers. After the revolutionary events of 1917, he quit his work and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks). In 1919, he was enrolled in the Army of the Republic of Estonia and participated in the War of Independence. After independence, Lauristin became a member of the illegal Estonian Communist Youth Union and worked as an editor in various underground newspapers and magazines. In the same year, he joined the Communist Party of Estonia and became a member of the Central Council of the Estonian Workers' General Union. He was a member o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chairmen Of The Council Of Ministers Of The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was the second-highest official in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was in turn a part of the Soviet Union. Below is a list of office-holders: {, class="wikitable" ! Name ! Entered office ! Left office , - , Johannes Lauristin , August 25, 1940 , August 28, 1941 , - , colspan="3" align=center, ''Vacant (August 28, 1941 – June 17, 1942)'' , - , Oskar Sepre (acting)In RSFSR exile 1942-1944 , June 17, 1942 , September 28, 1944 , - , Arnold Veimer , September 28, 1944 , March 29, 1951 , - , Aleksei Müürisepp , March 29, 1951 , October 12, 1961 , - , Valter Klauson , October 12, 1961 , January 18, 1984 , - , Bruno Saul , January 18, 1984 , November 16, 1988 , - , Indrek Toome , November 16, 1988 , April 3, 1990 See also *Prime Minister of Estonia Footnotes Sources Politics of Estonia Estonian SSR The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold Rüütel
Arnold Rüütel OIH () (born 10 May 1928) is an Estonian politician and agricultural scientist. He has served as the last chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR from 8 April 1983 to 29 March 1990, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR (from 8 May 1990: Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia) from 29 March 1990 to 6 October 1992, and was the third president of Estonia from 8 October 2001 to 9 October 2006. He was the second president since Estonia regained independence in 1991. Rüütel also served as one of fifteen Deputy Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Childhood Rüütel born in Pahavalla village in Laimjala Parish, Saaremaa. His parents were Feodor Rüütel (1900−1965) and Juulia Rüütel (1905−1990). He graduated from the Agricultural College in Jäneda in 1949. During the Soviet era He worked as a senior agronomist in Saaremaa (1949−1950) and then as a teacher at the Tartu School of Agricultural Mechanizat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Vares
Johannes Vares (pen name Barbarus or Vares-Barbarus – 29 November 1946) was an Estonian and Soviet poet, medical doctor, and politician. Vares was born in a farmer family in the village of Kiisa, near Viljandi, Estonia. He received secondary education at Pärnu Gymnasium, and in 1910–1914 studied medicine at the University of Kyiv. Vares served as a military physician in World War I, and after that as a military physician for the Estonian Army during the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920). He was awarded the Estonian Cross of Liberty for the participation. In the 1920s, Vares started working as a medical doctor in Pärnu. He subsequently became a well-known poet as well as a radical socialist, using the pen name Johannes Barbarus. When Soviet troops occupied Estonia in June 1940, Andrei Zhdanov forced president Konstantin Päts to appoint Vares as prime minister of a communist-dominated puppet government. Päts resigned in July 1940, and Vares formally took ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chairmen Of The Presidium Of The Supreme Soviet Of The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was the highest official in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was in turn a part of the Soviet Union. Below is a list of office-holders: {, class="wikitable" ! Image ! Name ! Entered office ! Left office , - , , Johannes VaresIn RSFSR exile 1941-1944 , August 25, 1940 , November 29, 1946 , - , , Nigol Andresen (acting) , November 29, 1946 , March 5, 1947 , - , , Eduard Päll , March 5, 1947 , July 4, 1950 , - , , August Jakobson , July 4, 1950 , February 4, 1958 , - , , Johan Eichfeld , February 4, 1958 , October 12, 1961 , - , , Aleksei Müürisepp , October 12, 1961 , October 7, 1970 , - , , Aleksander Ansberg (acting) , October 7, 1970 , December 22, 1970 , - , , Artur Vader , December 22, 1970 , May 25, 1978 , - , , Meta Vannas (acting) , May 25, 1978 , July 26, 1978 , - , , Johannes Käbin , July 26, 1978 , April 8, 1983 , - , , Arnold Rüütel , April ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaino Väljas
Vaino Väljas (; born 28 March 1931 in Külaküla, Hiiumaa) is a former Soviet and Estonian politician. He was the Chairman of the 6th Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR from 18 April 1963 to 19 March 1967, first secretary of communist party of Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic from 16 June 1988 to April 1990 and chairman of the party from April 1990 to August 1991. Biography Early life He was born on 28 March 1931 on the island of Hiiumaa in Estonia. After Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union, Väljas became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1952. In 1955, he graduated from Tartu State University (TSU). Career In 1949, he began working at the Komsomol. From 1955 to 1961 he held the office of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the ELKNÜ. From 1961 to 1971, Väljas was First Secretary of the Tallinn City Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia. From 1971 to 1980, he was Secretary of the Central Committee of the EKP. Since Väljas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Vaino
Karl Genrikhovich Vaino ( et, Karl Vaino; russian: Карл Генрихович Вайно; ''alias'' Kirill Voinov; 28 May 1923 – 12 February 2022) was an Estonian SSR politician. From 1978 to 1988 he served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Estonia. Early life and career Vaino was born in May 1923 in the Siberian city of Tomsk. He was born in the family of the communist (bolshevik) Genrikh Vaino (born Heinrich Vaino; 1889–1965), who moved from Estonia in 1918, and Lydia Savi, the daughter of Estonian immigrants who had settled in Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century. Heinrich, after the bolsheviks' failed uprising in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence, fled to Soviet Russia. After graduating from what is now the Omsk State Transport University in 1947, Vaino worked in engineering and technical jobs on the railway in the Estonian SSR. He joined the CPSU in 1947. He served as Secretary of the Tallinn Regional Committee from 1948–1953. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Käbin
Johannes Käbin (), also known by his Russified name Ivan Gustavovich Kebin (; 24 September 1905, Kalvi, Kreis Wierland, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire – 26 October 1999, Tallinn, Estonia) was an Estonian Soviet politician who led the Communist Party of Estonia from 1950 to 1978. Käbin was an ethnic Estonian but had been raised in Russia (so-called " Yestonian"), as his family had moved to Saint Petersburg in 1910. After the reindependence of Estonia till his death Käbin was a member of the Social Democratic Labour Party. Biography Johannes Käbin was born in 1905 in Kalvi, Virumaa. In 1907, Käbin's family moved from Estonia to St. Petersburg, where his father died in the same year. In 1916, together with his mother and older sister, he moved to the village of Sussanino in Petrograd Province, where the family bought a small farm (0.27 hectares). In 1926 he entered the Leningrad School of Soviet and Party Construction. A year later, Käbin was appointed chai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
