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Southern Lolopo Language
Lolopo (autonyms: ', '; ; Central Yi) is a Loloish language spoken by half a million Yi people of China. Chinese linguists call it "Central Yi" as well, which is one of the six Yi languages recognized by the government of China. Names Lolo speakers are referred to by a variety of exonyms. Below is a list of exonyms followed by their respective autonyms and demographics.Yang, Cathryn. 2011. ''Assessment of the Lolo languages: Current understanding and recommended next steps''. m.s. * Mili: ' (spoken by about 12,000 people in Jingdong County). Also called ''Alie''. *Enipu 厄尼蒲 (' 'water buffalo people', an offensive exonym used by Lalo speakers): ' (spoken in Nanjian County). Spoken by nearly 20,000 people in Weishan County (Qinghua Township) and Nanjian County (in Wuliang, Xiaowandong, and Langcang townships) *Tu 土 (Tuzu 土族): ' (spoken by nearly 10,000 people in southern Xiangyun County) *Qiangyi 羌夷: ' (spoken by nearly 15,000 people in northern and central Xian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanhua County
Nanhua County (; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA: ) is a county located in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the ..., China. Administrative divisions Nanhua County has 6 towns, 3 townships and 1 ethnic township. ;6 towns ;3 townships * Yijie () * Luowuzhuang () * Wudingshan () ;1 ethnic township * Yulou Bai () Climate References External links * County-level divisions of Chuxiong Prefecture {{Yunnan-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plosive
In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases. The occlusion may be made with the tongue tip or blade (, ), tongue body (, ), lips (, ), or glottis (). Plosives contrast with nasals, where the vocal tract is blocked but airflow continues through the nose, as in and , and with fricatives, where partial occlusion impedes but does not block airflow in the vocal tract. Terminology The terms ''stop, occlusive,'' and ''plosive'' are often used interchangeably. Linguists who distinguish them may not agree on the distinction being made. The terms refer to different features of the consonant. "Stop" refers to the airflow that is stopped. "Occlusive" refers to the articulation, which occludes (blocks) the vocal tract. "Plosive" refers to the release burst (plosion) of the consonant. Some object to the use of "plosive" for inaudibly released stops, which may then instead b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glottal Consonant
Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the glottal fricative, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have, while some do not consider them to be consonants at all. However, glottal consonants behave as typical consonants in many languages. For example, in Literary Arabic, most words are formed from a root ''C-C-C'' consisting of three consonants, which are inserted into templates such as or . The glottal consonants and can occupy any of the three root consonant slots, just like "normal" consonants such as or . The glottal consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet are as follows: Characteristics In many languages, the "fricatives" are not true fricatives. This is a historical usage of the word. They instead represent transitional states of the glottis ( phonation) without a specific place of articulation, and may behave as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velar Consonant
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum). Since the velar region of the roof of the mouth is relatively extensive and the movements of the dorsum are not very precise, velars easily undergo assimilation, shifting their articulation back or to the front depending on the quality of adjacent vowels. They often become automatically ''fronted'', that is partly or completely palatal before a following front vowel, and ''retracted'', that is partly or completely uvular before back vowels. Palatalised velars (like English in ''keen'' or ''cube'') are sometimes referred to as palatovelars. Many languages also have labialized velars, such as , in which the articulation is accompanied by rounding of the lips. There are also labial–velar consonants, which are doubly articulated at the velum and at the lips, such as . This distinction disappears with the appro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatal Consonant
Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex. Characteristics The most common type of palatal consonant is the extremely common approximant , which ranks as among the ten most common sounds in the world's languages. The nasal is also common, occurring in around 35 percent of the world's languages, in most of which its equivalent obstruent is not the stop , but the affricate . Only a few languages in northern Eurasia, the Americas and central Africa contrast palatal stops with postalveolar affricates—as in Hungarian, Czech, Latvian, Macedonian, Slovak, Turkish and Albanian. Consonants with other primary articulations may be palatalized, that is, accompanied by the raising of the tongue surface towards the hard palate. For example, English (spelled ''sh'') has such a palatal compone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alveolar Consonant
Alveolar (; UK also ) consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the upper teeth. Alveolar consonants may be articulated with the tip of the tongue (the apical consonants), as in English, or with the flat of the tongue just above the tip (the "blade" of the tongue; called laminal consonants), as in French and Spanish. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) does not have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants. Rather, the same symbol is used for all coronal places of articulation that are not palatalized like English palato-alveolar ''sh'', or retroflex. To disambiguate, the ''bridge'' (, ''etc.'') may be used for a dental consonant, or the under-bar (, ''etc.'') may be used for the postalveolars. differs from dental in that the former is a sibilant and the latter is not. differs from postalveolar in being unpalatalized. The bare letters , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labial Consonant
Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator. The two common labial articulations are bilabials, articulated using both lips, and labiodentals, articulated with the lower lip against the upper teeth, both of which are present in English. A third labial articulation is dentolabials, articulated with the upper lip against the lower teeth (the reverse of labiodental), normally only found in pathological speech. Generally precluded are linguolabials, in which the tip of the tongue contacts the posterior side of the upper lip, making them coronals, though sometimes, they behave as labial consonants. The most common distribution between bilabials and labiodentals is the English one, in which the nasal and the stops, , , and , are bilabial and the fricatives, , and , are labiodental. The voiceless bilabial fricative, voiced bilabial fricative, and the bilabial approximant do not exist as the primary realizations of any sounds in Englis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipo Language
Lipo (autonym: '; ), or Eastern Lisu, is a language of the Lisu people of China, similar to but not intelligible with Lisu proper. Some Lipo are classified by the government as Lisu, others as Yi. In some areas, the people prefer the name ''Lolopo'' or ''Lolongo''. Some Lipo (''Lipa'' 利帕) speakers in Eryuan and Yongsheng counties are also referred to as ''Tujia'' (土家) (Yunnan 1956:19-20).Yunnan provincial ethnic classification research unit 南省民族识别研究组 1956. ''Preliminary summary of ethnic classifications in Yunnan province: no. 1, 2'' 南省民族识别研究第一、二阶段初步总结 Beijing: Central University for Nationalities Research Institute 中央民族学院. References External links * A 283 word list recording in Kaipuleohone Kaipuleohone is a digital ethnographic archive that houses audio and visual files, photographs, as well as hundreds of textual material such as notes, dictionaries, and transcriptions relating to small an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shansu Language
Hlersu (Lesu 勒苏), or Sansu (Shansu 散苏), is a Loloish language of Yunnan Province, China. It is spoken in Xinping, Jinping, Zhenyuan, Eshan (as Shansu 山苏), and (as Sansu) Yuanjiang County Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County (; Hani: ) is a county of south-central Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. The county seat is the town of Lijiang (), while the county itself is under the administration of Yuxi City. It der .... Hlersu (autonym: '; exonym: '; ' autonym reported in Yunnan (1955) (1955), p.44) is spoken in 13 townships (50 administrative villages and 143 hamlets) by 4,040 households and 15,737 persons in Xinping, Yuanjiang, and Eshan counties (Xu & Bai 2013:1). References *Xu Xianmin[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lavu Language
Lavu (; autonym: ') is a Loloish language of Yongsheng County, Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the ..., China. Languages related to Lavu include Liude 六得, Nazha 纳渣, and perhaps Shuitian 水田, Zhili 支里, Luo 倮, Ziyi 子彝, and Liming 黎明. References Loloish languages Languages of China {{st-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chesu Language
Chesu 车苏 is a Loloish language spoken in southern Shuangbai County, northern Xinping County, and Eshan County in Yunnan, China. The Chesu refer to themselves as ' or ' (Jishupo 吉输颇).Long Luogui 龙倮贵. 2007. ''Honghe yizu zuyuan zucheng ji qi renkou fenbu'红河彝族族源族称及其人口分布. Yunnan (1955) reports that Chesu is spoken mostly in Taihe Township 太和乡, with a population of over 360 as of 1955. (1955), p.40 '' Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensi ...
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