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South African Constitution Of 1983
The Constitution of 1983 (formally the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1983) was South Africa's third constitution. It replaced the republican constitution that had been adopted when South Africa became a republic in 1961 and was in force for ten years before it was superseded by the Interim Constitution on 27 April 1994, which in turn led to the current Constitution of South Africa, which has been in force since 1997. Background The creation of the 1983 constitution was spearheaded by then-Prime Minister P.W. Botha. It was approved by white voters in a referendum on 2 November 1983, in which 66.3% of ballots cast were in favour of the new constitution. Provisions Among the 1983 constitution's most controversial provisions was its establishment of the Tricameral Parliament, a legislative arrangement that would permit the Coloured and Indian race groups to be represented in parliament on a segregated basis, and the abolition of the office of Prime Minister in fav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature; under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-seventh Parliament was first convened on 22 May 2019. From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African white minority. The first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994. Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. The National Assembly will temporarily meet at the Good Hope Chamber. History Before 1910 The predecessor of the Parliament of South Africa, before the 1910 Union of South Africa, was the bicameral Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope. This was composed of the House of Assembly (the lower house) and the Legislat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Federal Party
The Progressive Federal Party (PFP) ( af, Progressiewe Federale Party) was a South African political party formed in 1977 through merger of the Progressive and Reform parties, eventually changing its name to the Progressive Federal Party. For its duration was the main parliamentary opposition to apartheid, instead advocating power-sharing in South Africa through a federal constitution. From the 1977 election until 1987 it was the official opposition of the country. Its first leader was Colin Eglin, who was succeeded by Frederik van Zyl Slabbert and then Zach de Beer. Another prominent member was Harry Schwarz who had led the Reform Party and was the chairman of the Federal Executive (1976–79), finance spokesman (1975–91) and defence spokesman (1975–84). He was regarded as the PFP's greatest parliamentary performer. Its best known parliamentarian was however Helen Suzman, who was for many years the only member of the whites-only House of Assembly to speak out unequivocall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Repealed South African Legislation
A repeal (O.F. ''rapel'', modern ''rappel'', from ''rapeler'', ''rappeler'', revoke, ''re'' and ''appeler'', appeal) is the removal or reversal of a law. There are two basic types of repeal; a repeal with a re-enactment is used to replace the law with an updated, amended, or otherwise related law, or a repeal without replacement so as to abolish its provisions altogether. Removal of secondary legislation is normally referred to as revocation rather than repeal in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Under the common law of England and Wales, the effect of repealing a statute was "to obliterate it completely from the records of Parliament as though it had never been passed." This, however, is now subject to savings provisions within the Interpretation Act 1978. In parliamentary procedure, the motion to rescind, repeal, or annul is used to cancel or countermand an action or order previously adopted by the assembly. Partial or full repeals A partial repeal occurs when a specifie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Constitutions Of South Africa
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dave Dalling
Dave may refer to: Film, television, and theater * ''Dave'' (film), a 1993 film starring Kevin Kline and Sigourney Weaver * ''Dave'' (musical), a 2018 stage musical adaptation of the film * Dave (TV channel), a digital television channel in the United Kingdom and Ireland * ''Dave'' (TV series), a 2020 American comedy series * "Dave" (Lost), an episode of ''Lost'' * ''Meet Dave'', a 2008 film starring Eddie Murphy People * Dave (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Dave (surname), a common Gujarati surname * Dave (artist) (born 1969), Swiss artist * Dave (rapper) (born 1998), English rapper from London * Dave (singer) (born 1944), Dutch-born French singer Software * Dave (company), a digital banking service * DAvE (Infineon), a C-language software development tool * Thursby DAVE, a Windows file and printer sharing for Macs Other uses * Dave (Belgium), a town in Belgium * DAVE (CP-7), a 1U CubeSat * "Dave", a 1984 song by the Boomtown Rats from ''In the Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ray Swart
Ray Albert Francis Swart (28 February 1928 - 14 January 2020) was a white liberal South African politician who spent his life in opposition to the apartheid policies of the government . He was educated in Durban at Glenwood High School and the University of Natal, where he graduated as a lawyer. At a very early age he became interested in politics and was initially a supporter of the United Party, for which in 1953, he was elected, at the age of 25, Member of Parliament for Zululand. In 1959, Swart and eleven other United Party MPs left the party and founded the more liberal Progressive Party. Their policies were not well received by the conservative white electorate at the time and Swart, along with all the other Progressive MPs except Helen Suzman, lost his seat in the 1961 election. The party did not win any more seats until 1974, and Swart did not return to parliament again until the 1977 election, when he was elected MP for Musgrave in Durban Durban ( ) ( zu, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colin Eglin
Colin Wells Eglin (14 April 1925 – 29 November 2013) was a South African politician best known for having served as national leader of the opposition from 1977–79 and 1986–87. He represented Sea Point in the South African Parliament from 1958–61 and from 1974–2004. Described by Nelson Mandela as "one of the architects of (South Africa's) democracy", Eglin played a leading role in the drafting of the country's post-apartheid constitution. Early life, education and military service Eglin was born in 1925 in Sea Point, the son of Carl August Eglin and his wife, Elsie May Wells. Both of Eglin's parents were South Africans of British descent. He had just turned nine when his father died in July 1934. He later wrote, "He had been ill for a long time, but had been strengthened by a deep and abiding Christian faith - and by the love and care (and equally deep faith) of his wife". His mother died in 1958. He interrupted his studies in 1943 during the Second World War to join th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vause Raw
Wyatt Vause Raw, DMS (21 September 1921 – 13 March 2001) was a conservative opposition South African politician of the Apartheid era. He was a prominent member of the United Party from the 1940s to the late 1970s, and the leader of the succeeding New Republic Party (NRP). Early life Raw was born in Durban, Natal in 1921. He matriculated from Pretoria Boys High and subsequently attended the University of the Witwatersrand and the Johannesburg Teachers' Training College before enlisting with the South African forces in May 1940, and went on to serve in the military in central Africa, Egypt and Europe. He joined his father in a farming and trading venture from 1946 to 1950, served as secretary to the Pretoria District Farmers' Union, and was appointed a director of the Waterberg Farmers' Co-operative. In 1954, he became sales manager of a textile knitting mill, and from 1956 to 1981 ran his own textile and clothing machinery agency. Politics Raw was known for his suppor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Republic Party (South Africa)
The New Republic Party (NRP) was a South African political party. It was formed as the successor to the disbanded United Party (UP) in 1977 and as a merger with the smaller Democratic Party. It drew its support mainly from the then Province of Natal, and tried to strike a moderate course between the apartheid policy of the ruling National Party (NP) and the liberal policies of the Progressive Federal Party (PFP). Background The United Party had been the main opposition in the House of Assembly since it lost power in the 1948 election, but it was severely weakened by a split in 1975. To gain new support, the UP then merged with the Democratic Party to form the New Republic Party in 1977. After the UP wound up, the last UP leader, Sir de Villiers Graaff served as the interim national leader of the new party, with Radclyffe Cadman as parliamentary leader. Before the 1977 election, Graaff resigned and Cadman became the national leader. However, a significant number of UP par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservative Party (South Africa)
The Conservative Party of South Africa ( af, Konserwatiewe Party van Suid-Afrika) was a far-right South African political party that sought to preserve many aspects of apartheid in the system's final decade, and formed the official opposition in the white-only House of Assembly in the last seven years of minority rule. It declined quickly after apartheid ended, before being merged with the Freedom Front in 2004. Foundation and early support It was formed in 1982 by 23 MPs from the ruling National Party who opposed Prime Minister PW Botha's reforms to apartheid and power sharing proposals, that resulted in the Tricameral Parliament, which they saw as a threat to white minority rule, and the racial segregation known as Separate Development. It was led by Andries Treurnicht, a former Dutch Reformed Church minister popularly known as 'Doctor No'. The CP's English-language programme booklets from 1987 to 1989 stated that the party was established "to continue the policy of se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daan Van Der Merwe
Daan may refer to: People *Daan (given name), Dutch short form for Daniel *Saumya Daan (born 1982), Indian voice actor * Serge Daan (1940–2018), Dutch zoologist * DAAN, a Belgian band led by Daan Stuyven * Da'an, a character in the television series '' Earth: Final Conflict'' Places Mainland China * Da'an, Hengyang (), a township in Hengyang County, Hunan * Da'an, Longshan (), a township in Longshan County, Hunan * Da'an, Jilin (), county-level city under the administration of Baicheng * Da'an District, Zigong (), Sichuan Taiwan * Daan District, Taipei City (), district of Taipei ** Daan metro station () of the Taipei Metro * Da'an River (), river in north-western Taiwan * Daan District, Taichung (), coastal district in Taichung City Elsewhere * Da'an, Yemen, village in western central Yemen * Daan Suyan, town on southern Mindanao, Philippines Chinese history *Da'an (大安, 1075–1085), era name used by Emperor Huizong of Western Xia *Da'an (大安, 1085–1094), e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helen Suzman
Helen Suzman, OMSG, DBE (née Gavronsky; 7 November 1917 – 1 January 2009) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and politician. She represented a series of liberal and centre-left opposition parties during her 36-year tenure in the whites-only, National Party-controlled House of Assembly of South Africa at the height of apartheid. She hosted the meeting that founded the Progressive Party in 1959, and was its only MP in the 160-member House for thirteen years. She was the only member of the South African Parliament to consistently and unequivocally oppose all apartheid legislation. Suzman was instrumental in improving prison conditions for members of the banned African National Congress including Nelson Mandela, despite her reservations about Mandela's revolutionary policies, and was also known for using her parliamentary privilege to evade government censorship and pass information to the media about the worst abuses of apartheid. She was twice nominated for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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