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Soummam Conference
The Congress of Soummam was the founding act of the modern Algerian State, and a crucial element of success of the Algerian war for independence. It took place on 20 August 1956 when the FLN's leadership within Algeria met secretly in the ''Soummam valley'' (Ighbane and Ifri at Ouzellaguen) to compose a common platform and create a new organizational structure. The Soummam platform The ''Soummam platform'' reaffirmed the international strategy first outlined by Aït Ahmed. Rather than a military victory, it looked for "the total weakening of the French army to make victory by arms impossible." In the process, the FLN would establish their bona fides as Algeria's legitimate government and adhere to international law. To that end, the ''Congress of Soummam'' formed a five-man ''Comité de Coordination et d'Exécution'' (CCE) consisting of Abane Ramdane, Ben M'hidi, Krim Belkacem, Benyoucef Benkhedda and Saad Dahlab —the last two formerly Central Committee members of the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congr Soumam
Angern an der March ( sk, Congr) is a market town in the district of Gänserndorf (district), Gänserndorf in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. The municipality consists of the Katastralgemeinden ''Angern, Grub, Mannersdorf, Ollersdorf'' and ''Stillfried''. Angern is situated in the Weinviertel region, within the northern ''Marchfeld'' basin of the Morava River (Central Europe), Morava (german: March) river, about northeast of Vienna. The river forms the border with the village of Záhorská Ves in Slovakia, it is crossed by a small car ferry while plans for rebuilding a former bridge are currently under discussion. The settlement of ''Anger'' in the Archduchy of Austria, Duchy of Austria was first mentioned in 1260 deed and already referred to as a market town in 1495, a title that it again received in 1970. The Baroque architecture, Baroque St Roch Chapel at ''Mannersdorf'' was built in 1635. Anger Castle was finally demolished in World War II. The area is the site of seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabah Bitat
Rabah Bitat ( ar, رابح بيطاط; ALA-LC: ''Rābaḥ Bīṭāṭ''; 19 December 1925 in Aïn Kerma – 10 April 2000) was an Algerian Nationalist and politician. He served as interim President of Algeria from 1978 to 1979, after Houari Boumediene's death. Career Bitat was appointed as Vice President of Algeria in the cabinet of Ahmed Ben Bella from September 1962 to September 1963. Bitat served as President of the People's National Assembly from April 1977 to October 1990 and was the interim President of Algeria from 27 December 1978 to 9 February 1979. He became president after the death of Houari Boumédiènne and was replaced by Chadli Bendjedid. He was from the Front de Libération National. Bitat first supported, then opposed, Ahmed Ben Bella. He held the transportation portfolio under Houari Boumédienne before becoming the first president of the ANP (by the constitution of 1976). Bitat served as acting president (December 1978 – February 1979) after Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UGTA
The General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA, French: ''Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens'', Arabic: الاتحاد العام للعمال الجزائريين) is the main Algerian trade union, established February 24, 1956 with the objective of mobilizing Algerian labour against French colonial and capitalist interests. It was banned shortly afterwards, in May 1956. The union continued to operate clandestinely, playing a notable role in the eight-day strike of 1957 and establishing an underground samizdat newspaper, ''L’Ouvrier algérien''. It became effectively subordinated to the ruling party, the Front de Libération nationale (FLN), during the subsequent years of independence under a single-party socialist government, while welcoming the nationalization policy the government pursued. In 1989, the government began to pursue a program of political liberalization, and a multiparty electoral system was rapidly installed. The UGTA took advantage of the new environmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Francis
Ahmed Francis (12 November 1910 – 31 August 1968) was an Algerian politician and nationalist, born in Relizane in a family originally from Miliana. After studying medicine in Paris, France, where he got his doctorate in 1939, Ahmed returned to Algeria and started working in 1942 in Setif, the city of his friend Ferhat Abbas, whom he followed during the political evolution. Despite being a Christian, he was the Minister of Economy and Finance of the first Algerian government from 1958 to 1963, making him the only openly non-Muslim Algerian minister. Activism Having begun his career as an activist in Paris at the AEMAN (Translated from French to: Association of Muslim Students of North Africa), he participated later in the creation of AML (Translated from French to: Friends of the Manifest of Freedom) before being interned afterwards in the events of May 8, 1945. Ahmed Francis got involved with the movement for Algerian rights headed by his relative, the moderate nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdelhamid Mehri
Abdelhamid Mehri (April 1926 – 30 January 2012) was an Algerian resistance fighter, soldier and politician.Rabah Beldjenna, Abdelhamid Mehri est décédé lundi à Alger, ''El Watan'', 30 January 2012 Born into a destitute family in Constantine, Algeria, Abdelhamid Mehri joined the Algerian People's Party (PPA) at an early age. He studied in Tunisia, and developed contacts with the nationalist Neo Destour party. In Algeria, he became a prominent member of the PPA's successor organization Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Libertés Démocratiques (MTLD), and continued into the Front de libération nationale (FLN), a guerrilla movement fighting for independence from French colonial rule. He was elected member of the GPRA, the FLN's exile government, as minister for Maghreb affairs in 1958; in 1961, he became minister of social and cultural affairs. After Algeria's independence in 1962, he briefly left politics, but gradually gained influence after the 1965 military coup d'é ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdelhafid Boussouf
Abdelhafid Boussouf ( ar, عبد الحفيظ بوصوف; 17 August 1926, Mila, Algeria – 31 December 1980 Paris, France) was an Algerian nationalist and a leader of the Front de libération nationale (FLN) during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62). He was a member of the GPRA exile government, serving as minister of armaments (''Ministre de l'armement et des liaisons générales''). This body, the MALG, after independence evolved into the Securité militaire (SM), or military intelligence, which eventually emerged as a pillar of the military-backed regimes of Algeria, and whose successor organization ( DRS) remains of overwhelming importance in Algerian politics today. After independence, however, he personally left politics and remained outside of the governing circle to pursue a career in business. He died on December 31, 1980 in Paris. His name was given to the university of his hometown Mila. See also * Declaration of 1 November 1954 The Declaration of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saïd Mohammedi
Colonel Saïd Mohammedi ( ar, السعيد محمدي; 27 December 1912 – 6 December 1994), or Si Nacer, was an Algerian nationalist and politician. Early life and collaborationism Born in the Berber Kabyle region of Tizi Ouzou, Saïd Mohammadi served in the French army. Attracted to Algerian nationalism, and intensely religious, he became involved with the Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husseini. During World War II, he joined the al-Husseini to work with Nazi Germany, hoping that Hitler's defeat of France would lead to the liberation of Algeria and other French colonies. He enlisted in the Wehrmacht and fought in the Balkans (Yugoslavia and Greece) as well as on the Russian front during Operation Barbarossa. After a stay in Berlin, he received the Iron Cross First Class, for exemplary soldiers. In the summer of 1944, along with five others (Algerians and Germans), he was sent by the Abwehr on intelligence and sabotage missions to Algeria, but was arrested in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lakhdar Ben Tobbal
Slimane Bentebal (1923, Mila, Algeria – 21 August 2010), better known as Lakhdar Bentobal, is a former Algerian resistance fighter. Biography Lakhdar Bentobal was a member of the nationalist Parti du peuple Algérien (PPA), and later moved on to its paramilitary organization ('' Organisation spéciale'', OS) which became the embryo of the Front de libération nationale (FLN). He was one of the original "historical leaders" of the FLN's 1 November 1954 uprising against French colonialism. A top leader of the FLN's interior armed action in the 1954-62 Algerian war of independence. He was a member of all three issues of the FLN's exile government, the GPRA, in various ministerial capacities. He was a key participant at the negotiations of Evian who insisted on the integrity of the entire Algerian territory including the Sahara and its resources. On independence in 1962, he opposed the victorious military-backed takeover of Ahmed Ben Bella Ahmed Ben Bella ( ar, أحم ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benyoucef Ben Khedda
Benyoucef Benkhedda ( ar, بن يوسف بن خدة; February 23, 1920 – February 4, 2003) was an Algerian politician. He headed the third GPRA exile government of the National Liberation Front (FLN), acting as a leader during the Algerian War The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence,( ar, الثورة الجزائرية '; '' ber, Tagrawla Tadzayrit''; french: Guerre d'Algérie or ') and sometimes in Algeria as the War of 1 November ... (1954–62). At the end of the war, he was briefly the de jure leader of the country, however he was quickly sidelined by more conservative figures. Early life Benyoucef Benkhedda was born in 1920 in Berrouaghia, Médéa Province.Fondation Benyoucef Benkhedda Biography The son of a Qadi, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M’hamed Yazid
Mhamed Yazid (born in Blida, 1923–2003) was an Algerian independence activist and politician. He joined the nationalist Parti du Peuple Algérien (PPA) in 1942, and later, after moving to Paris, France for university studies, joined its successor organization, the MTLD, where he became a member of the central committee. He was arrested in 1948 and sentenced to two years of prison for "carrying suspicious documents". He later led hunger strikes in prison. The PPA/MTLD leader Messali Hadj accused him of having too close ties to the French Communist Party (PCF), and after leading a mission to Cairo to hold talks with the exiled leadership of the rival nationalist movement, the Front de libération nationale (FLN), he defected to join that group as its New York City representative. He then served as minister of information in the FLN's government-in-exile ( GPRA) set up in 1958, retaining his post through both cabinet reshuffles (in 1960 and 1961). After independence in 1962, fol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferhat Abbas
Ferhat is a Turkish given name and the Turkish spelling of the Persian name Ferhad ( fa, فرهاد, ''farhād''). It may refer to: Given name Ferhad * Ferhad Ayaz (born 1994), Turkish-Swedish footballer * Ferhad Pasha Sokolović 16th-century Ottoman general and statesman of Bosniak origin * Serdar Ferhad Pasha, 16th-century Ottoman grand vizier Ferhat * Ferhat Abbas (1899–1985), Algerian political leader * Ferhat Encü (born 1985), Kurdish imprisoned politician * Ferhat Akbaş (born 1986), Turkish volleyball coach and former volleyball player * Ferhat Akdeniz (born 1986), Turkish volleyball player * Ferhat Arıcan (born 1993), Turkish male artistic gymnast * Ferhat Atik (born 1971), Turkish Cypriot filmmaker * Ferhat Bakal (born 1998), Turkish ice hockey player * Ferhat Bey Draga (1880–1944), Kosovo Albanian politician * Ferhat Bıkmaz (born 1988), Turkish footballer * Ferhat Çerçi (born 1981), Turkish-German footballer * Ferhat Çökmüş (born 1985), Turkish foo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Khider
Muhammad was an Islamic prophet and a religious and political leader who preached and established Islam. Muhammad and variations may also refer to: *Muhammad (name), a given name and surname, and list of people with the name and its variations Persons with the name Muhammad and no other name * Muhammad (Bavandid ruler), 13th-century Iranian monarch *Muhammad V of Kelantan (born 1969), 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong and Sultan of Kelantan *Mohammed VI of Morocco (born 1963), King of Morocco * Muhammed VII, Sultan of Granada (1370–1408) *Muhammad VII of Bornu of the Sayfawa dynasty (1731–1747) * Muhammed VIII, Sultan of Granada (1411–1431) * Mohammed VIII of Bornu of the Sayfawa dynasty (1811–1814) Places * Mohammad-e Olya, a village in Fars Province, Iran * Mohammad, Gachsaran, a village in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran * Mohammad, Kohgiluyeh, a village in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran * Mohammad, Sistan and Baluchestan, a village in Sistan and Baluc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
