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Situational Analysis
Situational logic (also situational analysis) is a concept advanced by Karl Popper in his ''The Poverty of Historicism''. Situational logic is a process by which a social scientist tries to reconstruct the problem situation confronting an agent in order to understand that agent's choice. Noretta Koertge Noretta Koertge is an American philosopher of science noted for her work on Karl Popper and scientific rationality. Career She worked since 1981 as a Professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science and Indiana University and i ... (1975) provides a helpful clarificatory summary.This use of this summary is from Boumans and Davis (2010). :First provide a description of the situation: ::''Agent A was in a situation of type C''. :This situation is then analysed ::''In a situation of type C, the appropriate thing to do is X.'' :The rationality principle may then be called upon: :''agents always act appropriately to their situation'' :Finally we have the ''explan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Popper
Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-British philosopher, academic and social commentator. One of the 20th century's most influential philosophers of science, Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method in favour of empirical falsification. According to Popper, a theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can (and should) be scrutinised with decisive experiments. Popper was opposed to the classical justificationist account of knowledge, which he replaced with critical rationalism, namely "the first non-justificational philosophy of criticism in the history of philosophy". In political discourse, he is known for his vigorous defence of liberal democracy and the principles of social criticism that he believed made a flourishing open society possible. His political philosophy embraced ideas from major democratic political ideologies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Poverty Of Historicism
''The Poverty of Historicism'' is a 1944 book by the philosopher Karl Popper (revised in 1957), in which the author argues that the idea of historicism is dangerous and bankrupt. Publication ''The Poverty of Historicism'' was first written as a paper which was read in 1936, then updated and published as a book in 1957. It was dedicated “In memory of the countless men and women of all creeds or nations or races who fell victim to the fascist and communist belief in Inexorable Laws of Historical Destiny.” Synopsis The book is a treatise on scientific method in the social sciences. Popper defines historicism as: ''“an approach to the social sciences which assumes that historical prediction is their principal aim…”''. He also remarks that ''“ e belief … that it is the task of the social sciences to lay bare the law of evolution of society in order to foretell its future… might be described as the central historicist doctrine.”'' Popper distinguishes two main str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noretta Koertge
Noretta Koertge is an American philosopher of science noted for her work on Karl Popper and scientific rationality. Career She worked since 1981 as a Professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science and Indiana University and is now an Emeritus Professorship. She was editor-in-chief of the journal (1999–2004) ''Philosophy of Science'', her election as a Fellow, in 1999, by American Association for the Advancement of Science The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific respons ... and her being Editor-in-Chief of ''The New Dictionary of Scientific Biography'' (2004–2008). She is also a novelist. Selected publications * * Novels * * References {{DEFAULTSORT:Koertge, Noretta Philosophers of science 20th-century American philosophers Critics of postmod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosophy Of Social Science
The philosophy of social science is the study of the logic, methods, and foundations of social sciences (psychology, cultural anthropology, sociology, etc...). Philosophers of social science are concerned with the differences and similarities between the social and the natural sciences, causal relationships between social phenomena, the possible existence of social laws, and the ontological significance of structure and agency. Auguste Comte and positivism Comte first described the epistemological perspective of positivism in '' The Course in Positive Philosophy'', a series of texts published between 1830 and 1842. These texts were followed by the 1848 work, ''A General View of Positivism'' (published in English in 1865). The first three volumes of the ''Course'' dealt chiefly with the natural sciences already in existence (geoscience, astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology), whereas the latter two emphasised the inevitable coming of social science. Observing the circular dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logic
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths. It is a formal science investigating how conclusions follow from premises in a topic-neutral way. When used as a countable noun, the term "a logic" refers to a logical formal system that articulates a proof system. Formal logic contrasts with informal logic, which is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory. While there is no general agreement on how formal and informal logic are to be distinguished, one prominent approach associates their difference with whether the studied arguments are expressed in formal or informal languages. Logic plays a central role in multiple fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics. Logic studies arguments, which consist of a set of premises together with a conclusion. Premises and conclusions are usua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
