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Self-report Inventory
A self-report inventory is a type of psychological test in which a person fills out a survey or questionnaire with or without the help of an investigator. Self-report inventories often ask direct questions about personal interests, values, symptoms, behaviors, and traits or personality types. Inventories are different from tests in that there is no objectively correct answer; responses are based on opinions and subjective perceptions. Most self-report inventories are brief and can be taken or administered within five to 15 minutes, although some, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), can take several hours to fully complete. They are popular because they can be inexpensive to give and to score, and their scores can often show good reliability. There are three major approaches to developing self-report inventories: theory-guided, factor analysis, and criterion-keyed. Theory-guided inventories are constructed around a theory of personality or a prototyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychological Test
Psychological testing is the administration of psychological tests. Psychological tests are administered by trained evaluators. A person's responses are evaluated according to carefully prescribed guidelines. Scores are thought to reflect individual or group differences in the construct the test purports to measure. The science behind psychological testing is psychometrics. Psychological tests According to Anastasi and Urbina, psychological tests involve observations made on a "carefully chosen ''sample'' mphasis authorsof an individual's behavior." A psychological test is often designed to measure unobserved constructs, also known as latent variables. Psychological tests can include a series of tasks or problems that the respondent has to solve. Psychological tests can include questionnaires and interviews, which are also designed to measure unobserved constructs. Questionnaire- and interview-based scales typically differ from psychoeducational tests, which ask for a responde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beck Hopelessness Scale
The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is a 20-item self-report inventory developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck that was designed to measure three major aspects of hopelessness: feelings about the future, loss of motivation, and expectations.Beck A.T. (1988). "Beck Hopelessness Scale." The Psychological Corporation. It is a true-false test is designed for adults, age 17–80. It measures the extent of the respondent's negative attitudes, or pessimism, about the future. It may be used as an indicator of suicidal risk in depressed people who have made suicide attempts. It is not designed for use as a measure of the hopelessness construct but has been used as such. Sufficient data about the use of the test with those younger than 17 has not been collected. It may be administered and scored by paraprofessionals, but must be used and interpreted only by clinically trained professionals, who can employ psychotherapeutic interventions. Norms are available for suicidal patients, depressed patients, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patient-reported Outcome
A patient-reported outcome (PRO) is a health outcome directly reported by the patient who experienced it. It stands in contrast to an outcome reported by someone else, such as a physician-reported outcome, a nurse-reported outcome, and so on. PRO methods, such as questionnaires, are used in clinical trials or other clinical settings, to help better understand a treatment's efficacy or effectiveness. The use of digitized PROs, or electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs), is on the rise in today's health research setting. Terminology PROs should not be confused with PCOs, or ''patient-centered outcomes''. The latter implies the use of a questionnaire covering issues and concerns that are specific to a patient. Instead, ''patient-reported'' outcomes refers to reporting situations in which only the patient provides information related to a specific treatment or condition; this information may or may not be of concern to the patient. Further, PROs should not be confused with PR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affect Measures
Affect measures (measures of affect or measures of emotion) are used in the study of human affect (including emotions and mood), and refer to measures obtained from self-report studies asking participants to quantify their current feelings or average feelings over a longer period of time. Even though some affect measures contain variations that allow assessment of basic predispositions to experience a certain emotion, tests for such stable traits are usually considered to be personality tests. Differentiating affect from other terms Scholarly work has noted the problematic nature of using the terms “emotion”, “affect” and “mood” interchangeably. A lack of thorough understanding of these concepts could influence the choice of measures used in assessing the emotional components of interest in a study, leading to a less optimal research result. The differentiation among these key concepts in affect research in the current era is becoming increasingly important, as consis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-report Study
A self-report study is a type of survey, questionnaire, or poll in which respondents read the question and select a response by themselves without any outside interference. A ''self-report'' is any method which involves asking a participant about their feelings, attitudes, beliefs and so on. Examples of self-reports are questionnaires and interviews; self-reports are often used as a way of gaining participants' responses in observational studies and experiments. Self-report studies have validity problems. Patients may exaggerate symptoms in order to make their situation seem worse, or they may under-report the severity or frequency of symptoms in order to minimize their problems. Patients might also simply be mistaken or misremember the material covered by the survey. Questionnaires and interviews Questionnaires are a type of self-report method which consist of a set of questions usually in a highly structured written form. Questionnaires can contain both open questions a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a psychological inventory consisting of 40 self-report items on a 4-point Likert scale. The STAI measures two types of anxiety – state anxiety and trait anxiety. Higher scores are positively correlated with higher levels of anxiety. Its most current revision is Form Y and it is offered in more than 40 languages. The STAI was developed by psychologists Charles Spielberger, R.L. Gorsuch, and R.E. Lushene. Their goal in creating the inventory was to create a set of questions that could be applied towards differentiating between the temporary condition of "state anxiety" and the more general and long-standing quality of "trait anxiety." This was a new development because all other questionnaires focused on one type of anxiety at the time. Spielberger also created other self-report state-trait scales purported to measure various other emotions and dispositions. These include the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) and the State-Trait Anger Exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSYCHLOPS
PSYCHLOPS (psychological outcome profiles) is a type of psychological testing, a tool used in primary care to measure mental health outcomes and as a quality of life measure. It is also one intervention that has been adapted for use in children and adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in response to a demand for guidance on psychological interventions for people exposed to adversity, including humanitarian disasters. Use in mental health care PSYCHLOPS is a mental health outcome-measure tool used in primary care or community care settings and is self-completed. It measures mental health problems, quality of life, social functioning and wellbeing. Others include the Beck Depression Inventory, the CORE-OM, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), amongst others. By comparing scores before, during and after completion of talking therapy, the measure enables calculation of a change score. The change score indicates the ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Outcome Questionnaire 45
{{Psychology sidebar The Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45), created by Gary M Burlingame and Michael J. Lambert at Brigham Young University, is a 45-item multiple-choice self-report inventory used to measure psychotherapy progress in adults patients. The OQ-45 is currently in its second version (OQ-45.2), which was released in October 2013 bOQ Measures the company founded by Burlingame and Lambert. Clinical use The instrument was designed as a brief scale to measure the subjective experience of a person, as well as the way they function in the world. Authors intended it to be a low cost instrument with a quick administration time that is sensitive to change across time. The inventory is not intended to be used for diagnostic purposes. Format The OQ-45 contains 45 items. Individuals are asked to describe their experiences in the last week, using a multiple choice format. This response format is consistent across questions: Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Frequently, and Almost Always ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Major Depression Inventory
The Major Depression Inventory (MDI) is a self-report mood questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. The instrument was constructed by a team led by Professor Per Bech, a psychiatrist based at Frederiksborg General Hospital in Denmark. The MDI differs from many other self-report inventories, such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), because it is able to generate an ICD-10 or DSM-IV diagnosis of clinical depression in addition to an estimate of symptom severity.Olsen LR, Jensen DV, Noerholm V, Martiny K, Bech P. The internal and external validity of the Major Depression Inventory in measuring severity of depressive states. Psychol Med 2003; 33, 351-356 Unlike many other similar instruments, the MDI is available free of charge and can be downloaded from the internet with a full manual and scoring instructions. This makes it an attractive option in epidemiological population surveys. It has also been translated into seven languages. __TOC__ Scoring To measur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geriatric Depression Scale
The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a 30-item self-report assessment used to identify depression in the elderly. The scale was first developed in 1982 by J.A. Yesavage and others. Description In the Geriatric Depression Scale, questions are answered "yes" or "no". A five-category response set is not utilized in order to ensure that the scale is simple enough to be used when testing ill or moderately cognitively impaired individuals, for whom a more complex set of answers may be confusing, or lead to inaccurate recording of responses. The GDS is commonly used as a routine part of a comprehensive geriatric assessment. One point is assigned to each answer and the cumulative score is rated on a scoring grid. The grid sets a range of 0–9 as "normal", 10–19 as "mildly depressed", and 20–30 as "severely depressed". A diagnosis of clinical depression should not be based on GDS results alone. Although the test has well-established reliability and validity evaluated against oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
In psychology, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) is a questionnaire to assess the personality traits of a person. It was devised by psychologists Hans Jürgen Eysenck and Sybil B. G. Eysenck. Hans Eysenck's theory is based primarily on physiology and genetics. Although he was a behaviorist who considered learned habits of great importance, he believed that personality differences are determined by genetic inheritance. He is, therefore, primarily interested in temperament. In devising a temperament-based theory, Eysenck did not exclude the possibility that some aspects of personality are learned, but left the consideration of these to other researchers. Dimensions Eysenck initially conceptualized personality as two biologically-based independent dimensions of temperament, ''E'' and ''N'', measured on a continuum, but then extending this to include a third, ''P''. E – Extraversion/Introversion: Extraversion is characterized by being outgoing, talkative, high on positi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
