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Split-cycle Engine
The split-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine. Design In a conventional Otto cycle engine, each cylinder performs four strokes per cycle: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. This means that two revolutions of the crankshaft are required for each power stroke. The split-cycle engine divides these four strokes between two paired cylinders: one for intake and compression, and another for power and exhaust. Compressed air is transferred from the compression cylinder to the power cylinder through a crossover passage. Fuel is then injected and fired to produce the power stroke. History The Backus Water Motor Company of Newark, New Jersey was producing an early example of a split cycle engine as far back as 1891. The engine, of "a modified A form, with the crank-shaft at the top", was water-cooled and consisted of one working cylinder and one compressing cylinder of equal size and utilized a hot-tube ignitor system. It was produced in sizes ranging from 1/2 to and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Internal Combustion Engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine. The force is typically applied to pistons (reciprocating engine, piston engine), turbine blades (gas turbine), a Wankel engine, rotor (Wankel engine), or a propulsive nozzle, nozzle (jet engine). This force moves the component over a distance. This process transforms chemical energy into kinetic energy which is used to propel, move or power whatever the engine is attached to. The first commercially successful internal combustion engines were invented in the mid-19th century. The first modern internal combustion engine, the Otto engine, was designed in 1876 by the German engineer Nicolaus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Scuderi Engine
The Scuderi engine, in 2005–2013 was a claimed new type of engine with claimed benefits. No engine to date has been produced commercially, despite reports of the engine's potential. The Scuderi family behind the engine has been involved in litigation related to investors' funds, and many performance claims have not been substantiated. Background In 2009, the Scuderi company claimed to have raised $35M to develop the engine, and in 2010 said it was seeking to raise another $40m. In 2013, the Scuderi company had to pay an SEC fine $100,000 fine and repay monies: for spending shareholder's money on Scuderi family members. And in 2015 further SEC cases against Scuderi followed. The engine, formally called the Scuderi Split Cycle Engine, is a split-cycle, internal combustion engine invented by Carmelo J. Scuderi (April 13, 1925 – October 16, 2002). Scuderi Group, an engineering and licensing company based in West Springfield, Massachusetts and founded by Carmelo Scuderi's c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Jack Brabham
Sir John Arthur Brabham (2 April 1926 – 19 May 2014) was an Australian racing driver and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from to . Brabham won three Formula One World Drivers' Championship titles, which he won in , and , and won 14 Grands Prix across 16 seasons. He co-founded Brabham in 1960, leading the team to two World Constructors' Championship titles, and remains the only driver to have won the World Drivers' Championship in an eponymous car. Brabham was a Royal Australian Air Force flight mechanic and ran a small engineering workshop before he started racing midget cars in 1948. His successes with midgets in Australian and New Zealand road racing events led to his going to Britain to further his racing career. There he became part of the Cooper Car Company's racing team, building as well as racing cars. He contributed to the design of the mid-engined cars that Cooper introduced to Formula One and the Indianapolis 500, and won the Formula One world ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Geneva Drive
The Geneva drive or Geneva mechanism is a gear mechanism that translates a continuous rotation movement into intermittent rotary motion. The ''rotating drive'' wheel is usually equipped with a pin that reaches into a slot located in the other wheel (''driven wheel'' that advances it by one step at a time. The drive wheel also has an elevated circular blocking disc that "locks" the rotating driven wheel in position between steps. History The name, Geneva drive, is derived from the device's earliest application in Clock, mechanical watches, which were popularized in Geneva. The mechanism is frequently used in mechanical watches, since it can be made on a small scale and is able to withstand substantial mechanical stress. The ''Geneva drive'' is also called a "Maltese cross mechanism" due to the visual resemblance when the rotating wheel has four spokes. In the most common arrangement of the Geneva drive, the client wheel has four slots and thus advances the drive by one step ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Gerard Ryle
Gerard Ryle (born 1965) is an Irish-Australian investigative reporter who has written on subjects including politics, financial and medical scandals, and police corruption. From 2011, he has been director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, which has published research on international tax evasion and money laundering, citing the leaked Panama Papers, Paradise Papers and Pandora Papers. Early life Gerard Ryle was born in London to Irish parents. From Tralee, County Kerry in Ireland, he worked for the Irish Press in his early career. His great-grandfather, Maurice P Ryle, was also a journalist : he was the editor of the ''Kerry People,'' then worked as editor of the ''Evening Herald'' and deputy editor of the ''Irish Independent''. Career Ryle emigrated from his native Ireland to Australia in 1988 and has worked for the Fairfax newspapers ''The Age'' and the ''Sydney Morning Herald''. In 2007–2009, he exposed the international fraudster Tim Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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ARPA-E
ARPA-E, or Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy is an agency within the United States Department of Energy tasked with funding the research and development of advanced energy technologies. The goal of the agency is to improve U.S. economic prosperity, national security, and environmental well being. ARPA-E typically funds short-term research projects with the potential for a transformative impact. It is inspired by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The program directors at ARPA-E serve limited terms, in an effort to reduce bureaucracy and bias. the director is Evelyn Wang. History and mission Legislative history ARPA-E was initially conceived by a report by the National Academies entitled ''Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future''. The report described a need for the US to stimulate innovation and develop clean, affordable, and reliable energy. ARPA-E was officially created by the America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Ministry Of National Infrastructures, Energy And Water Resources
The Ministry of Energy () is the Israeli government ministry responsible for energy and water infrastructure. The ministry has changed names several times since its establishment. The ministerial post was established in 1977, succeeding the position of Development Ministry, which had been scrapped three years earlier. Names The Ministry of Energy has been called the following names: * Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure (משרד האנרגיה והתשתיות) – 1977–1996 * Ministry of National Infrastructures (משרד התשתיות הלאומיות) – 1996–2011 * Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (משרד האנרגיה והמים) – 2011–2013 * Ministry of National Infrastructures, Energy and Water (משרד התשתיות הלאומיות, האנרגיה והמים) – 2013–2017 * Ministry of Energy (משרד האנרגיה) – 2017–2023 * Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure (משרד האנרגיה והתשתיות) – 2023– List of ministe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Israeli-occupied territories, It occupies the Occupied Palestinian territories, Palestinian territories of the West Bank in the east and the Gaza Strip in the south-west. Israel also has a small coastline on the Red Sea at its southernmost point, and part of the Dead Sea lies along its eastern border. Status of Jerusalem, Its proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, while Tel Aviv is the country's Gush Dan, largest urban area and Economy of Israel, economic center. Israel is located in a region known as the Land of Israel, synonymous with the Palestine (region), Palestine region, the Holy Land, and Canaan. In antiquity, it was home to the Canaanite civilisation followed by the History of ancient Israel and Judah, kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Situate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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West Springfield, Massachusetts
West Springfield is a city in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 28,835 at the 2020 United States Census. The city is also known as "West Side", in reference to the fact that it is on the western side of the Connecticut River from Springfield, a fact which played a major part in the town's early history. History Early settlement The area that became known as West Springfield was settled in 1635. The settlers fled to higher ground on the east side of the river and founded Springfield in the aftermath of the great hurricane of 1635. West Springfield was good farm land, so some families did stay on the west side. Early transportation problems Other than the trade in beaver skins, economic activity in early colonial Springfield consisted largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry, with barter being the preferred medium of exchange for neighbors' crops, and locall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Two-stroke Engine
A two-stroke (or two-stroke cycle) engine is a type of internal combustion engine that completes a Thermodynamic power cycle, power cycle with two strokes of the piston, one up and one down, in one revolution of the crankshaft in contrast to a four-stroke engine which requires four strokes of the piston in two crankshaft revolutions to complete a power cycle. During the stroke from bottom dead center to top dead center, the end of the exhaust/intake (or Scavenging (automotive), scavenging) is completed along with the compression of the mixture. The second stroke encompasses the combustion of the mixture, the expansion of the burnt mixture and, near bottom dead center, the beginning of the scavenging flows. Two-stroke engines often have a higher power-to-weight ratio than a four-stroke engine, since their power stroke occurs twice as often. Two-stroke engines can also have fewer moving parts, and thus be cheaper to manufacture and weigh less. In countries and regions with stringe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Otto Cycle
An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine. It is the thermodynamic cycle most commonly found in automobile engines. The Otto cycle is a description of what happens to a gas as it is subjected to changes of pressure, temperature, volume, addition of heat, and removal of heat. The gas that is subjected to those changes is called the system. The system, in this case, is defined to be the fluid (gas) within the cylinder. Conversely, by describing the changes that take place within the system it also describes the system's effect on the environment. The purpose of the Otto cycle is to study the production of net work from the system that can propel a vehicle and its occupants in the environment. The Otto cycle is constructed from: :Top and bottom of the loop: a pair of quasi-parallel and isentropic processes (frictionless, adiabatic reversible). :Left and right sides of the loop: a pair of parallel i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Split-single
In internal combustion engines, a split-single design is a type of two-stroke engine, two-stroke where two cylinders share a single combustion chamber. The first production split-single engine was built in 1918 and the design was used on several motorcycles and cars until the mid-1950s, although Puch continued producing split-single engines for motorcycles until 1970. During this time, the design was occasionally used for engines with four or more cylinders. Principle of operation The split-single uses a two-stroke engine, two-stroke cycle (i.e. where every downward stroke produces power) with the following phases: # Pistons travel upwards, compressing the fuel-air mixture in both cylinders. A spark plug ignites the mixture (in the right side cylinder in the animation) when the pistons are near the top of the cylinders. # Pressure from the ignited air-fuel mixture pushes both pistons downwards. Near the bottom of the travel, an exhaust port becomes exposed (at the rear of the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |