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Spikethumb Frog
Spikethumb frogs are a genus (''Plectrohyla'') of frogs in the family Hylidae found in Central America from southern Mexico through Guatemala and northern El Salvador to central and northern Honduras. A major revision of the Hylidae moved an additional 21 species to this genus from the genus ''Hyla''. The additional species moved to ''Plectrohyla'' were identified as the ''Hyla bistincta'' group, also called the ''Plectrohyla bistincta'' group; a separate group from the initial ''Plectrohyla guatemalensis'' group. This phylogenetic classification was later revised by moving the ''Plectrohyla bistincta'' group from the genus ''Plectrohyla'' into a new genus called ''Sarcohyla''. Meanwhile, the ''guatemalensis'' group remained in ''Plectrohyla''. They are called spikethumb because of the spike on their thumbs, which is called a prepollex. The genus name comes from the Greek word ''plēktron'' ("spur") and ''hyla'' (the genus in which it was formerly placed). Species The followin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plectrohyla Dasypus
''Plectrohyla dasypus'' (common name: Honduras spikethumb frog) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to the Sierra de Omoa in the Cortés Department of northwestern Honduras. The species range is within the Cusuco National Park. Natural habitats of ''Plectrohyla dasypus'' are lower montane wet forests. They are found on low vegetation along streams and in arboreal bromeliads, and breed in streams. Once moderately common, the species has undergone a dramatic decline that is attributed to chytridiomycosis. References dasypus ''Dasypus'' is the only extant genus in the family Dasypodidae. Its species are known as long-nosed or naked-tailed armadillos. They are found in South, Central, and North America, as well as on the Caribbean islands of Grenada, Trinidad and Toba ... Endemic fauna of Honduras Amphibians of Honduras Frogs of North America Critically endangered fauna of North America Amphibians described in 1981 Taxonomy articles created by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plectrohyla Matudai
''Plectrohyla matudai'' (common name: Matuda's spikethumb frog) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found along the Pacific slopes from southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico, through Chiapas and south-central Guatemala (Las Nubes range); also in the Grijalva Depression in western Guatemala and on Cerro Azul in northwestern Honduras. Etymology Norman Hartweg named this species after Eizi Matuda, Japanese–Mexican botanist and his host in Chiapas. Description The type series consists of three males (including the holotype) and two females. Males measured and females in snout–vent length. The head and dorsal surface of body are dark grayish brown, while the sides are lighter but posteriorly mottled with black. Males have bifurcate, rudimentary prepollex (the "spikethumb"). Habitat and conservation Its natural habitats are pine-oak, cloud, and tropical rain forests at elevations of above sea level. It is typically found in low vegetation with abundant leaf litter along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
External Fertilization
External fertilization is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg outside of the female's body. It is contrasted with internal fertilization, in which sperm are introduced via insemination and then combine with an egg inside the body of a female organism. External fertilization typically occurs in water or a moist area to facilitate the movement of sperm to the egg. The release of eggs and sperm into the water is known as spawning. In motile species, spawning females often travel to a suitable location to release their eggs. However, sessile species are less able to move to spawning locations and must release gametes locally. Among vertebrates, external fertilization is most common in amphibians and fish. Invertebrates utilizing external fertilization are mostly benthic, sessile, or both, including animals such as coral, sea anemones, and tube-dwelling polychaetes. Benthic marine plants also use external fertilization to repro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cloud Forest
A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF), is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud cover, usually at the canopy level, formally described in the '' International Cloud Atlas'' (2017) as silvagenitus. Cloud forests often exhibit an abundance of mosses covering the ground and vegetation, in which case they are also referred to as mossy forests. Mossy forests usually develop on the saddles of mountains, where moisture introduced by settling clouds is more effectively retained. Cloud forests are among the most biodiversity rich ecosystems in the world with a large amount of species directly or indirectly depending on them. Other moss forests include black spruce/ feathermoss climax forest, with a moderately dense canopy and a forest floor of feathermosses including '' Hylocomium splendens'', '' Pleurozium schreberi'' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montane Ecosystems
Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial factor in shaping plant community, biodiversity, metabolic processes and ecosystem dynamics for montane ecosystems. Dense montane forests are common at moderate elevations, due to moderate temperatures and high rainfall. At higher elevations, the climate is harsher, with lower temperatures and higher winds, preventing the growth of trees and causing the plant community to transition to montane grasslands, shrublands or alpine tundra. Due to the unique climate conditions of montane ecosystems, they contain increased numbers of endemic species. Montane ecosystems also exhibit variation in ecosystem services, which include carbon storage and water supply. Life zones As elevation increases, the climate becomes cooler, due to a decrease in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ravine
A ravine is a landform that is narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streambank erosion.Definition of "ravine" at Ravines are typically classified as larger in scale than gullies, although smaller than s. Ravines may also be called a cleuch, dell, ghout (), [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Sex Characteristic
Secondary sex characteristics are features that appear during puberty in humans, and at sexual maturity in other animals. These characteristics are particularly evident in the sexually dimorphic phenotypic traits that distinguish the sexes of a species, but unlike the sex organs (primary sex characteristics), are not directly part of the reproductive system. Secondary sex characteristics are believed to be the product of sexual selection for traits which display fitness, giving an organism an advantage over its rivals in courtship and in aggressive interactions. Secondary sex characteristics include, for example, the manes of male lions, the bright facial and rump coloration of male mandrills, and horns in many goats and antelopes. These characteristics are believed to be produced by a positive feedback loop known as the Fisherian runaway produced by the secondary characteristic in one sex and the desire for that characteristic in the other sex. Male birds and fish of ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premaxilla
The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammal has been usually termed as the incisive bone. Other terms used for this structure include premaxillary bone or ''os premaxillare'', intermaxillary bone or ''os intermaxillare'', and Goethe's bone. Human anatomy In human anatomy, the premaxilla is referred to as the incisive bone (') and is the part of the maxilla which bears the incisor teeth, and encompasses the anterior nasal spine and alar region. In the nasal cavity, the premaxillary element projects higher than the maxillary element behind. The palatal portion of the premaxilla is a bony plate with a generally transverse orientation. The incisive foramen is bound anteriorly and laterally by the premaxilla and posteriorly by the palatine process of the maxilla. It is formed from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plectrohyla Teuchestes
''Plectrohyla teuchestes'' is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Guatemala and only known with certainty from its type locality on the southern slope of the Sierra de Xucaneb, in the Alta Verapaz Department. There is also a report from another locality in Alta Verapaz. Frogs from Honduras now known as '' Plectrohyla exquisita'' were formerly included in this species. Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests where it lives near streams and waterfalls at about above sea level. Breeding takes place in streams. As of 2004, the only known location was facing habitat loss, and no specimens had been located, despite searches. Chytridiomycosis might also be a threat. References teuchestes ''Teuchestes'' is a genus of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of ... En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plectrohyla Tecunumani
''Plectrohyla tecunumani'' is a species of frogs in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes in western Guatemala. Its specific name refers to Tecun Uman, the Guatemalan national hero. Common name cave spikethumb frog has been coined for it. Description The holotype, and the only male in the type series, measured in snout–vent length. Females in the type series measured up to . The body is robust, with the head narrower than the body. The supra-tympanic fold is pronounced; the tympanum is distinct in females but indistinct in the male. The skin of the head and body is densely covered with small, round tubercles; tubercles are smaller and less numerous on limbs. There are large tubercles posteroventral to the eye. The fingers are without webbing but have dermal fringes; the toes are two-thirds webbed. The tadpoles measure up to in total length and have an ovoid, vertically flattened body. The tail is muscular with relatively narrow fins. Habitat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plectrohyla Sagorum
''Plectrohyla sagorum'' (common name: arcane spikethumb frog) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas from Chiapas (Mexico) to southwestern Guatemala, with a single record from northwestern El Salvador. Its natural habitats are cloud forests at elevations of above sea level. Breeding takes place in streams. It is very rare in Mexico and El Salvador but abundant at two Guatemalan sites. It is threatened by habitat loss. Chytridiomycosis Chytridiomycosis ( ) is an infectious disease in amphibians, caused by the chytrid fungi '' Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'' and '' Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans''. Chytridiomycosis has been linked to dramatic population declines or exti ... might also be a threat. References sagorum Amphibians of El Salvador Amphibians of Guatemala Amphibians of Honduras Amphibians described in 1941 Taxa named by Norman Edouard Hartweg Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Hylinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plectrohyla Quecchi
''Plectrohyla quecchi'' is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Guatemala. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... References Plectrohyla Endemic fauna of Guatemala Amphibians of Guatemala Amphibians described in 1942 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Hylinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
