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Software Component
A software component is a modular unit of software that encapsulates specific functionality. The desired characteristics of a component are reusability and maintainability. Value Components allow software development to assemble software with reliable parts rather than writing code for every aspect; allowing for implementation to be more like factory assembly than custom building. Attributes Desirable attributes of a component include but are not limited to: * Cohesive encapsulates related functionality * Reusable * Robust * ''Substitutable'' can be replaced by another component with the same interface * Documented * Tested Third-party Some components are built in-house by the same organization or team building the software system. Some are third-party, developed elsewhere and assembled into the software system. Component-based software engineering For large-scale systems, component-based development encourages a disciplined process to manage comple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modular Design
Modular design, or modularity in design, is a design principle that subdivides a system into smaller parts called ''modules'' (such as modular process skids), which can be independently created, modified, replaced, or exchanged with other modules or between different systems. Overview A modular design can be characterized by functional partitioning into discrete scalable and reusable modules, rigorous use of well-defined modular interfaces, and making use of industry standards for interfaces. In this context modularity is at the component level, and has a single dimension, component slottability. A modular system with this limited modularity is generally known as a platform system that uses modular components. Examples are car platforms or the USB port in computer engineering platforms. In design theory this is distinct from a modular system which has higher dimensional modularity and degrees of freedom. A modular system design has no distinct lifetime and exhibits flexibility i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LinkedIn
LinkedIn () is an American business and employment-oriented Social networking service, social network. It was launched on May 5, 2003 by Reid Hoffman and Eric Ly. Since December 2016, LinkedIn has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Microsoft. The platform is primarily used for professional networking and career development, and allows jobseekers to post their Curriculum vitae, CVs and employers to post jobs. From 2015, most of the company's revenue came from Information broker, selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals and has also introduced their own ad portal named LinkedIn Ads to let companies advertise in their platform. LinkedIn has more than 1 billion registered members from over 200 countries and territories. LinkedIn allows members (both employees and employers) to create profiles and connect with each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipeline (Unix)
In Unix-like computer operating systems, a pipeline is a mechanism for inter-process communication using message passing. A pipeline is a set of process (computing), processes chained together by their standard streams, so that the output text of each process (''stdout'') is passed directly as input (''stdin'') to the next one. The second process is started as the first process is still executing, and they are executed concurrency (computer science), concurrently. The concept of pipelines was championed by Douglas McIlroy at Unix's ancestral home of Bell Labs, during the development of Unix, shaping its Unix philosophy, toolbox philosophy. It is named by analogy to a physical pipeline transport, pipeline. A key feature of these pipelines is their "hiding of internals". This in turn allows for more clarity and simplicity in the system. The pipes in the pipeline are anonymous pipes (as opposed to named pipes), where data written by one process is buffered by the operating system un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software Crisis
Software crisis is a term used in the early days of computing science for the difficulty of writing useful and efficient computer programs in the required time. The software crisis was due to the rapid increases in computer power and the complexity of the problems that could be tackled. With the increase in the complexity of the software, many software problems arose because existing methods were inadequate. History The term "software crisis" was coined by some attendees at the first NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968 at Garmisch, Germany. Edsger Dijkstra's 1972 Turing Award Lecture makes reference to this same problem: Causes The causes of the software crisis were linked to the overall complexity of hardware and the software development process. The crisis manifested itself in several ways: * Projects running over-budget * Projects running over-time * Software was very inefficient * Software was of low quality * Software often did not meet requirements * Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NATO Software Engineering Conferences
The NATO Software Engineering Conferences were held in 1968 and 1969. The conferences were attended by international experts on computer software who aimed to define best practices for software development grounded in the application of engineering principles. The result of the conferences were two reports, one for the 1968 conference and the other for the 1969 conference, that outlined how software should be developed. The conferences played a major role in gaining general acceptance for the term ''software engineering''. Background In the 1960s, the computer industry was experiencing rapid growth, leading to increasing complexity in software development. This period saw the emergence of what was later termed the " software crisis", characterized by projects that were over budget, overdue, and unreliable. To address these challenges, the NATO Science Committee convened two conferences to explore ways to improve software development practices by applying engineering principles. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Douglas McIlroy
Malcolm Douglas McIlroy (born 1932) is an American mathematician, engineer, and programmer. As of 2019 he is an Adjunct Professor of Computer Science at Dartmouth College. McIlroy is best known for having originally proposed Unix pipelines and developed several Unix tools, such as echo, spell, diff, sort, join, graph, speak, and tr. He was also one of the pioneering researchers of macro processors and programming language extensibility. He participated in the design of multiple influential programming languages, particularly PL/I, SNOBOL, ALTRAN, TMG and C++. His seminal work on software componentization and code reuse makes him a pioneer of component-based software engineering and software product line engineering. Biography McIlroy earned his bachelor's degree in engineering physics from Cornell University, and a Ph.D. in applied mathematics from MIT in 1959 for his thesis ''On the Solution of the Differential Equations of Conical Shells'' (advisor Eric Reissner). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unified Modeling Language
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose visual modeling language that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system. UML provides a standard notation for many types of diagrams which can be roughly divided into three main groups: behavior diagrams, interaction diagrams, and structure diagrams. The creation of UML was originally motivated by the desire to standardize the disparate notational systems and approaches to software design. It was developed at Rational Software in 1994–1995, with further development led by them through 1996. In 1997, UML was adopted as a standard by the Object Management Group (OMG) and has been managed by this organization ever since. In 2005, UML was also published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) as the ISO/IEC 19501 standard. Since then the standard has been periodically revised to cover the latest revision of UML. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NET Framework
The .NET Framework (pronounced as "''dot net''") is a proprietary software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It was the predominant implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) until being superseded by the cross-platform .NET project. It includes a large class library called Framework Class Library (FCL) and provides language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages) across several programming languages. Programs written for .NET Framework execute in a software environment (in contrast to a computer hardware, hardware environment) named the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR is an process virtual machine, application virtual machine that provides services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. As such, computer code written using .NET Framework is called "managed code". FCL and CLR together constitute the .NET Framework. FCL provides the user interface, data access, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterprise JavaBeans
Jakarta Enterprise Beans (EJB; formerly Enterprise JavaBeans) is one of several Java APIs for modular construction of enterprise software. EJB is a server-side software component that encapsulates business logic of an application. An EJB web container provides a runtime environment for web related software components, including computer security, Java servlet lifecycle management, transaction processing, and other web services. The EJB specification is a subset of the Jakarta EE specification. Specification The EJB specification was originally developed in 1997 by IBM and later adopted by Sun Microsystems (EJB 1.0 and 1.1) in 1999 and enhanced under the Java Community Process aJSR 19(EJB 2.0)JSR 153(EJB 2.1)JSR 220(EJB 3.0)JSR 318(EJB 3.1) anJSR 345(EJB 3.2). The EJB specification provides a standard way to implement the server-side (also called " back-end") 'business' software typically found in enterprise applications (as opposed to 'front-end' user interface software ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Component Object Model
Component Object Model (COM) is a binary-interface technology for software components from Microsoft that enables using objects in a language-neutral way between different programming languages, programming contexts, processes and machines. COM is the basis for other Microsoft domain-specific component technologies including OLE, OLE Automation, ActiveX, COM+, and DCOM as well as implementations such as DirectX, Windows shell, UMDF, Windows Runtime, and Browser Helper Object. COM enables object use with only knowing its interface; not its internal implementation. The component implementer defines interfaces that are separate from the implementation. Support for multiple programming contexts is handled by relying on the object for aspects that would be challenging to implement as a facility. Supporting multiple uses of an object is handled by requiring each object to destroy itself via reference-counting. Access to an object's interfaces (similar to Type conver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Object Request Broker Architecture
The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a standard defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) designed to facilitate the communication of systems that are deployed on diverse platforms. CORBA enables collaboration between systems on different operating systems, programming languages, and computing hardware. CORBA uses an object-oriented model although the systems that use the CORBA do not have to be object-oriented. CORBA is an example of the distributed object paradigm. While briefly popular in the mid to late 1990s, CORBA's complexity, inconsistency, and high licensing costs have relegated it to being a niche technology. Overview CORBA enables communication between software written in different languages and running on different computers. Implementation details from specific operating systems, programming languages, and hardware platforms are all removed from the responsibility of developers who use CORBA. CORBA normalizes the method-call semantics betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
