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Sikhism In Malaysia
Malaysian Sikhs are known to be the fourth largest Malaysian Indian ethnic group. It is estimated that there are around 100,000 Sikhs in Malaysia. History British Malaya Sikh migration to and settlement in the colonies Sikhs were initially sent to British Malaya as political prisoners. The first few Sikhs to arrive in British Malaya were Nihal Singh (better known as Bhai Maharaj Singh) and Khurruck Singh, who were deported from India due to anti-British involvement in 1849. These prisoners were sent to the Outram Road prison in what is now Singapore. In 1865, Sikhs were sent to Malaysia again as recruits in the armed forces in the British Empire mainly as police, military and guards. Before the British penal colony in the Singapore Straits Settlement closed in 1873, Sikh convicts discharged from it may have settled in Malaya in the years prior to its closing. In 1873, the British brought Sikh soldiers to Malaya to guard the Perak tin mines from the Chinese. The early Sikh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjabi Language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers. Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 Census of India, 2011 census. It is spoken among a Punjabi diaspora, significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Gulf states. In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Persian alphabet, Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi, Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Brahmic scripts, Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Return Migration
Return migration refers to the individual or family decision of a migrant to leave a host country and to return permanently to the country of origin. Research topics include the return migration process, motivations for returning, the experiences returnees encounter, and the impacts of return migration on both the host and the home countries. The exact numbers are debated, but Mark Wyman concludes: "The totals are so enormous: at least one-third of the 52 million Europeans who left Europe between 1824 and 1924 returned permanently to their homelands." "Return migration" can be contrasted with repatriation, which is imposed by the host government on a specified group of immigrants. It should also be distinguished from circular migration, in which migrants repeatedly travel between origin and destination countries, for example to plant and harvest crops each season. Motivations Return migration to the original home by migrants living in their new home can be motivated by numero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shuddhi (Hinduism)
Shuddhi (Sanskrit: शुद्धि ''śuddhi'', Hindi: शुद्धि ''śuddhi'', Punjabi: ਸ਼ੁੱਧ ''śuddh'') is a Sanskrit word meaning purification or cleansing. In the context of modern Hinduism, it describes a Hindu religious movement started by Arya Samaj, initially aimed at re-converting former Hindus who departed the religion for Christianity or Islam, but later expanded to convert non-Hindus altogether. This term is also present in some medieval smritis, as well as in later Sikh literature, also in the context of re-conversion. Etymology Shuddhi is derived from the Sanskrit word शुद्धि ''śuddhi'' ("purified"), the past passive participle of the verb शुध् ''śudh'' ("to purify"). This word ultimately derives from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱew- ("to shine"). Although the Sanskrit word शुद्धि was inherited into Hindi as सुध ''sudh'' and into Punjabi as ਸੁੱਧ ''suddh'', both inherited words are generic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amrit Sanskar
Amrit Sanskar (, pronunciation: , lit. "nectar ceremony") is one of the four Sikh Samskara (rite of passage), Sanskaars. The Amrit Sanskar is the initiation rite introduced by Guru Gobind Singh when he founded the Khalsa in 1699. A Sikh who has been initiated into the Khalsa ('pure'; the Sikh brotherhood) is considered to be ''Amritdhari'' (baptised) () or ''Khalsa'' ('pure'). Those who undergo initiation are expected to dedicate themselves to ''Waheguru'' (Almighty God) and work toward the establishment of the Raj Karega Khalsa, Khalsa Raj. Names The Amrit Sanskar ceremony has many alternative names, such as ''Amrit Parchar'', ''Amrit Sanchar'', ''Khande di Pahul'', ''Khande Batte di Pahul'' (), or ''khande-baate da amrit''. History Charan-Pahul The original Sikh initiation ceremony, ever since the Guru Gaddi, guruship period of Guru Nanak, was known as ''Charan-Pahul'' (), ''Pagpahul'', or ''Charan Amrit'' (). It involved pouring water over the toes of the Sikh guru an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalsa Samachar
''Khalsa Samachar'' is a Sikh weekly newspaper that was founded in 1899 by Vir Singh. The periodical covers Panthic news, the tenets of the Sikh religion, elucidation of ''gurbani'', and imparting the teachings of Sikhism. It was one of the early Punjabi and Gurmukhi newspapers that left a lasting influence and one of the most influential Sikh newspapers prior to 1920. History Background In 1892, Vir Singh and Wazir Singh established the Wazir-i-Hind Press in Amritsar. Wazir Singh was a distant maternal relative of Vir Singh. Vir Singh's grandfather, Giani Hazara Singh, provided funds to assist with the establishment of the press. In 1893, Vir Singh helped found the Khalsa Tract Society alongside Kaur Singh (who was the son of Sadhu Singh Dhupia). The majority of the tracts published by the society were authored by Vir Singh. Alongside religious topics, with society also published works on other subjects, such as social evils that had sprung up within the wider Sikh comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikhism In China
Sikhism in China is a minority religion in the People's Republic of China (). Sikhism originated from the Punjab region of the northern Indian subcontinent. History Sikh gurus Guru Nanak Guru Nanak is traditionally locally referred to as ''Baba Foosa'' in China proper and as ''Nanak Lama'' in Tibet. In Janamsakhis, popular Sikh tradition, Guru Nanak is believed to have visited Tibet during his distant travels. Nanak's travel itinerary through Tibet would have started by departing from Manikaran, onward to the Tibetan Plateau, Tibetan plateau, reaching Lahaul and Spiti district, Lahaul and Spiti (northeast of Kullu district, Kulu). Nanak would have travelled through both the Rohtang Pass and Chandan Kala Pass to reach Spiti. From there, Nanak went through the Sprang (Prang) Pass to reach Tibet through an old trade route between India and Tibet. Nanak would have then passed through both Chomurti and Boling to reach the sacred lake of Lake Manasarovar, Mansarovar, and finally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Malaya
The term "British Malaya" (; ) loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British Empire, British hegemony or control between the late 18th and the mid-20th century. Unlike the term "British Raj, British India", which excludes the Indian princely states, British Malaya is often used to refer to the Federated Malay States, Federated and the Unfederated Malay States, which were British protectorates with their own local rulers, as well as the Straits Settlements, which were under the sovereignty and direct rule of the British Crown, after a period of control by the East India Company. Before the formation of the Malayan Union in 1946, the territories were not placed under a single unified administration, with the exception of the immediate post-war period when a British military officer became the temporary administrator of Malaya. Instead, British Malaya comprised the Straits Settlements, the Federated Malay State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Kampar
The Battle of Kampar (30 December 1941 – 2 January 1942) was an engagement of the Malayan Campaign during World War II, involving British and Indian troops from the 11th Indian Infantry Division and the Japanese 5th Division. On 27 December, in an effort to prevent the capture of RAF Kuala Lumpur, the 11th Indian Infantry Division occupied Kampar, which offered a strong natural defensive position. In doing so they were also tasked with delaying the advancing Japanese troops long enough to allow the 9th Indian Infantry Division to withdraw from the east coast. The Japanese intended to capture Kampar as a New Year’s gift to Emperor Hirohito and on 30 December the Japanese began surrounding the British and Indian positions. The following day fighting commenced. The Allied forces were able to hold on for four days before withdrawing on 2 January 1942, having achieved their objective of slowing the Japanese advance. Background The site overlooking Kampar is set on what ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jat Sikh
Jat Sikh or Jatt Sikh (Gurmukhi: ਜੱਟ ਸਿੱਖ) is an ethnoreligious group, a subgroup of the Jat people whose traditional religion is Sikhism, originating from the Indian subcontinent. They are one of the dominant communities in Punjab, India, owing to their large land holdings. They form an estimated 20–25% of the population of the Indian state of Punjab. They form at least half of the Sikh population in Punjab, with some sources estimating them to be about 60–66% of the Sikh population.Taylor, S., Singh, M., Booth, D. (2007) Migration, development and inequality: Eastern Punjabi transnationalism. School of Social Sciences and Law, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK; Department of Sociology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India. Other scholars estimate they make-up around 33% of the Sikh population. Etymology The Jatt word is derived from Persian form of the ancient term '' Jit'' is '' Jatt'' (जट्ट) with short vowel and double short 't'. Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikhism In Fiji
Unlike the majority of Fiji's Indo-Fijians, Indian population, who are descendants of Indian indentured labourers brought to Fiji between 1879 and 1916, most of the Sikhs came to Fiji as free immigrants. Most Sikhs established themselves as farmers. Sikhs also came to Fiji as policemen, teachers and preachers. In recent years large numbers of Sikhs have emigrated from Fiji, especially to the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. Sikhs in Fiji are generally referred to as Punjabis. Total population of sikhs in Fiji is around 3600. Discourse on the experiences and histories of Fijian Sikhs tends to subsume them under discourse framed in terms of other South Asian groups. Arrival in Fiji Under indenture system Many Sikhs arrived in Fiji to work as sugarcane cutters.Sikhs were brought as indentured labourers between the years 1882–85 to work on sugarcane plantations. Some people who stated their home province as being Punjab were recruited from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikhism In New Zealand
New Zealander Sikhs number over 53,000 people and account for 1.1% of New Zealand's population 2023 New Zealand census, as of 2023, forming the country's fastest-growing and Religion in New Zealand, fifth-largest religious group. New Zealand has the world's Sikhism by country, third-highest Sikh proportion behind Sikhism in Canada, Canada (2.1%) and Sikhism in India, India (1.7%). While there are Sikhs in all sixteen regions of New Zealand, over half of Sikhs lived in Auckland Region in 2018. Phomen Singh, The first Sikhs arrived in New Zealand in 1890, but the Immigration Act of 1899 prevented any large-scale migration. In 1987, racial exclusion was scrapped and a race-neutral, points-based immigration system was introduced; by 1991 there were 2,061 Sikhs in New Zealand. Between 2013 New Zealand census, 2013 and 2018 New Zealand census, 2018, the number of Sikhs grew by 113% from 19,191 to 40,908, making Sikhism the fastest-growing religion and on pace to eclipse Islam in New Zea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
