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September 1982 Rentería Attack
The September 1982 Rentería attack was an ambush by the Basque separatist organisation ETA which occurred on 14 September 1982 on the motorway near the Basque town of Errenteria () in Guipuzkoa. The targets were several national police officers, four of whom were killed in the attack, with the fifth seriously injured. The attack was ETA's deadliest of 1982.Listado de asesinados por ETA facilitado por la Fundación Víctimas del Terrorismo El Pais, accessed 2 June 2012 Background ETA had already killed six people in the area around Rentería between September 1979 and March 1982. The triangle between |
Basque Conflict
The Basque conflict, also known as the Spain–ETA conflict, was an armed and political conflict from 1959 to 2011 between Spain and the Basque National Liberation Movement, a group of social and political Basque nationalism, Basque organizations which separatism, sought independence from Spain and France. The movement was built around the separatist organization ETA (separatist group), ETA, which had launched a campaign of attacks against Spanish administrations since 1959. ETA had been proscribed as a List of designated terrorist organizations, terrorist organization by the Spanish, British, French and U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations, American authorities at different moments. The conflict took place mostly on Spanish soil, although to a smaller degree it was also present in France, which was primarily used as a safe haven by ETA members. It was the longest running violent conflict in modern Western Europe. It has been sometimes referred to as " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaime Mayor Oreja
Jaime Mayor Oreja (born 12 July 1951) is a former Spanish conservative politician of the People's Party. He served as member of the Basque Parliament, of the Spanish Parliament, and of the European Parliament, as well as being Spanish Minister of the Interior between 1996 and 2000. He is known for his outspoken anti-ETA rhetoric and social ultracatholicism Biography Early life Mayor Oreja was born and raised in San Sebastián, in the Spanish Basque Country, where he attended a school run by Marianists. He earned an agricultural engineering degree and briefly studied law before dropping out to enter politics. Mayor Oreja's family is deeply rooted in conservative Spanish politics. His grandfather Marcelino Oreja Elósegui, a Catholic activist and Carlist politician, was a victim of the Asturian strike action of 1934, and his uncle Marcelino Oreja Aguirre served extensively in the Spanish civil service and in the European Parliament. It was Marcelino Oreja who introduced h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Murder In 1982
Mass is an intrinsic property of a body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the quantity of matter in a body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics. It was found that different atoms and different elementary particles, theoretically with the same amount of matter, have nonetheless different masses. Mass in modern physics has multiple definitions which are conceptually distinct, but physically equivalent. Mass can be experimentally defined as a measure of the body's inertia, meaning the resistance to acceleration (change of velocity) when a net force is applied. The object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In physics, mass is not the same as weight, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a spring scale, rather than balance scale comparing it directly with known masses. An object on the Moon would weigh less than it d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irun
Irun (, ) is a town of the Bidasoaldea region in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. History It lies on the foundations of the ancient Oiasso, cited as a Roman- Vasconic town. During the Spanish Civil War, the city was site of the 1936 Battle of Irun, which ended with a strategic victory for the Nationalist forces. Geography and transport One of the biggest towns in Gipuzkoa, its location on the border between Spain and France, across the Bidasoa river from Hendaye, has made Irun into a commercial and logistic centre. Irun railway station is a major break-of-gauge where the SNCF rails meet the broad gauge Renfe ones. Currently Irun has a fairground with a modern exhibition and telecommunication facilities, just some 100 metres away from the actual border at the Santiago Bridge (river Bidasoa). Irun is part of the conurbation of Txingudi bay with Hondarribia and Hendaye; the town is also within the area of the Eurocité Basque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitoria-Gasteiz
Vitoria-Gasteiz (; ; also historically spelled Vittoria in English) is the seat of government and the capital city of the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Country and of the provinces of Spain, province of Álava in northern Spain. It holds the autonomous community's Basque Parliament, House of Parliament, the headquarters of the Government, and the Lehendakari, Lehendakari's (Prime Minister's) official residency. The municipality—which comprises not only the city but also the mainly agricultural lands of 63 villages around—is the largest in the Basque Country, with a total area of , and it has a population of 261,494 (January 2025). The dwellers of Vitoria-Gasteiz are called ''vitorianos'' or ''gasteiztarrak'', while traditionally they are dubbed ''babazorros'' (Basque language, Basque for 'bean sacks'). Vitoria-Gasteiz is a dynamic city with strengths in healthcare, aeronautics, the automotive industry, and viticulture. It is the first Spanish municipality to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oiartzun
Oiartzun (, ) is a town and municipality located in the Basque Country, in the province of Gipuzkoa lying at the foot of the massif Aiako Harria (Peñas de Aya in Spanish). Etymology The name traces back to ''Oiasso'' or ''Oiarso'', a Roman town closely connected to the ''Arditurri'' mines in the massif of Aiako Harria, which contained large amounts of silver and copper. However, it has been pinpointed to the current border town of Irun, so the name may have referred to the whole area. Geography A river bearing the same name meanders through the meadows and neighbourhoods of this sparse municipality. That is one of its main features, it is scattered in different quarters across the valley. Elizalde lies on a prominence and it is the central nucleus of the town, with the main church San Esteban and town hall being located there. At the foot of Elizalde lies Altzibar by the Oiartzun River. Ugaldetxo developed into an urban built-up area surrounded by industrial estates near the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lekeitio
Lekeitio (; ) is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Spanish Autonomous Community of Basque Country, northeast from Bilbao. The municipality has 7,307 inhabitants (2019) and is one of the most important fishing ports of the Basque coast. Tourism has an important role during the summer seasons, when the town is a resort with one beach called ''Isuntza'' and the nearby ''Karraspio'' beach in the town of Mendexa. The most important monument is the church of ''Santa María'', a gothic basilica from the 15th century. Lekeitio is also the birthplace of Resurrección María de Azkue, one of the most important Basque scholars of the 19th century. Festivals San Pedroak The celebration of San Pedro takes place from 29 June, saints day, to 1 July. It begins with a mass in honor of the saint and a procession with his image. The mass is celebrated in the church of Santa Maria, and from there the procession starts to walk the streets of the town. San Ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gernika
Guernica (, ), officially Gernika () in Basque, is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain. The town of Guernica is one part (along with neighbouring Lumo) of the municipality of Gernika-Lumo (), whose population is 16,224 . On April 26, 1937, Guernica was bombed by Nazi Germany's Condor Legion and Fascist Italy's Aviazione Legionaria, in one of the first aerial bombings. The attack inspired Pablo Picasso's painting '' Guernica'', depicting his outrage at the attack. Location The village is situated in the region of Busturialdea, in the valley of the Oka river. The river ends in an estuary that gives its name to the village of Guernika. Its mouth is known as the Urdaibai's estuary's heart. Gernika borders on the following townships: * North: Forua, Kortezubi and Arratzu * East: Ajangiz * South: Muxika * West: Errigoiti History 1366-1936 The town of Guernica was founded by Tello Alfonso, Lord of Biscay, on April ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euskadiko Ezkerra
Euskadiko Ezkerra (EE; ) was a Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque socialist political organisation. It was founded as a coalition of Euskal Iraultzarako Alderdia (EIA, ''Basque Party for Revolution'' or ''Party for Basque Revolution'') and other Basque Marxism, Marxist forces in 1977 to present lists for the Spanish general election, 1977, Spanish general elections in the constituencies of Biscay (Spanish Congress Electoral District), Biscay, Gipuzkoa (Spanish Congress Electoral District), Gipuzkoa and Álava (Spanish Congress Electoral District), Álava, while Navarrese Left Union (UNAI), an allied coalition, was to present a list in the constituency of Navarra (Spanish Congress Electoral District), Navarre. History EE's list in Gipuzkoa won one seat in the Congress of Deputies (Spain), Spanish Congress for Francisco Letamendia, one in the Spanish Senate, Senate for Juan María Bandrés, a lawyer for ETA (separatist group), ETA members, and none in the other constitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javier Solana
Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga CYC (; born 14 July 1942) is a Spanish physicist and PSOE politician. After serving in the Spanish government as Foreign Affairs Minister under Felipe González (1992–1995) and as the Secretary General of NATO (1995–1999), leading the alliance during Operation Allied Force, he was appointed the European Union's High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy, Secretary General of the Council of the European Union and Secretary-General of the Western European Union and held these posts from October 1999 until December 2009. Background and career as a physicist Solana was born in Madrid, Spain. He comes from a prominent Spanish family, being a first cousin, twice removed, of diplomat, writer, historian, and pacifist Salvador de Madariaga (Javier's grandfather, Rogelio de Madariaga and Salvador de Madariaga were cousins). His father was a chemistry professor, Luis Solana San Martín, who died when Javier was nineteen. Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batasuna
Batasuna (; ) was a Basque nationalist political party. Based mainly in Spain, it was banned in 2003, after a court ruling declared proven that the party was financing ETA with public money. The party is included in the "European Union list of terrorist persons and organizations" as a component of ETA. , 29 May 2006 :* ''Euskadi Ta Askatasuna The following organisations are allegedly part of the terrorist group ETA: KAS, Xaki; Ekin, Jarrai- Haika- Segi, Gestoras Pro-amnistía, Askatasuna, Batasuna (also known as Herri Batasuna, also known as Euskal Herritarrok)'' Right after having been banned, Batasuna still managed to organize or support some rallies, public actions and several workplace strikes. The Spanish ruling was appealed before and, later on, confirmed by the European Court of Human Rights. As an association and not as a political party, Batasuna had a minor presence in the French Basque Country, where it remained legal as "Batasuna" until its self-dissolu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Alliance (Spain)
The People's Alliance (, AP) was a post- Francoist electoral coalition, and later a conservative political party in Spain, founded in 1976 as a federation of political associations. Transformed into a party in 1977 and led by Manuel Fraga, it became the main conservative party in Spain. It was refounded as the People's Party in 1989. History AP was born on 9 October 1976 as a federation of political associations (proto-parties). The seven founders were Manuel Fraga, Laureano López Rodó, Cruz Martínez Esteruelas, Federico Silva Muñoz, Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora, Licinio de la Fuente and . All seven had been officials in the dictatorship of Francisco Franco; the first six had held cabinet-level posts. They became known as ''los siete magníficos'' ("The Magnificent Seven"). Giving up in the project of a "reformist centre" Fraga and his small association Democratic Reform (successor of ) made a turn towards neo-Francoism (the opposite path was followed by Adolfo Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
