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Sensation Seeking
Sensation seeking is a trait theory, personality trait defined by the search for experiences and feelings, that are "varied, novel, rich and intense", and by the readiness to "take physical, social, legal, and financial risks for the sake of such experiences." Risk is not an essential part of the trait, as many activities associated with it are not risky. However, risk may be ignored, tolerated, or minimized and may even be considered to add to the excitement of the activity. The concept was developed by Marvin Zuckerman of the University of Delaware. In order to assess this trait he created a personality test called the Sensation Seeking Scale. This test assesses individual differences in terms of sensory stimulation preferences. So there are people who prefer a strong stimulation and display a behavior that manifests a greater desire for sensations and there are those who prefer a low sensory stimulation. The scale is a questionnaire designed to measure how much stimulation a pers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trait Theory
In psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality psychology, personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of ''traits'', which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. According to this perspective, traits are aspects of personality that are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are not), are relatively consistent over situations, and influence behaviour. Traits are in contrast to Mental state, states, which are more transitory dispositions. Traits such as Extraversion and introversion, extraversion vs. introversion are measured on a spectrum, with each person placed somewhere along it. Trait theory suggests that some natural behaviours may give someone an advantage in a position of leadership. There are two approaches to define traits: as internal causal properties or as purely descriptive summaries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Factor Analysis
Factor analysis is a statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables called factors. For example, it is possible that variations in six observed variables mainly reflect the variations in two unobserved (underlying) variables. Factor analysis searches for such joint variations in response to unobserved latent variables. The observed variables are modelled as linear combinations of the potential factors plus "error" terms, hence factor analysis can be thought of as a special case of errors-in-variables models. Simply put, the factor loading of a variable quantifies the extent to which the variable is related to a given factor. A common rationale behind factor analytic methods is that the information gained about the interdependencies between observed variables can be used later to reduce the set of variables in a dataset. Factor analysis is commonly used in psychometrics, pers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperament And Character Inventory
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al. It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), and it has also been related to the dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models and those of the five factor model. TCI operates with seven dimensions of personality traits: four so-called ''temperaments'' * Novelty seeking (NS) * Harm avoidance (HA) * Reward dependence (RD) * Persistence (PS) and three so-called ''characters'' * Self-directedness (SD) * Cooperativeness (CO) * Self-transcendence (ST) Each of these traits has a varying number of subscales. The dimensions are determined from a 240-item questionnaire. The TCI is based on a psychobiological model that attempts to explain the underlying causes of individual differences in personality traits. Versions Originally developed in English, TCI has been translated to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novelty Seeking
In psychology, novelty seeking (NS) is a personality trait associated with exploratory activity in response to novel stimulation, impulsive decision making, extravagance in approach to reward cues, quick loss of temper, and avoidance of frustration. That is, novelty seeking (or sensation seeking) refers to the tendency to pursue new experiences with intense emotional sensations. It is a multifaceted behavioral construct that includes thrill seeking, novelty preference, risk taking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence. The novelty-seeking trait is considered a heritable tendency of individuals to take risks for the purpose of achieving stimulation and seeking new environments and situations that make their experiences more intense. The trait has been associated with the level of motive and excitement in response to novelty. Persons with high levels of novelty seeking have been described as more impulsive and disorderly than low novelty seekers and have a higher propensity to get ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness is the personality trait of being responsible, :wikt:careful, careful, or :wikt:diligent, diligent. Conscientiousness implies a desire to do a task well, and to take obligations to others seriously. Conscientious people tend to be Efficiency, efficient and organized as opposed to Relaxation (psychology), easy-going and :wikt:disorderly, disorderly. They tend to show self-discipline, act Duty, dutifully, and need for achievement, aim for achievement; they display Planning, planned rather than spontaneous behavior; and they are generally dependable. Conscientiousness manifests in characteristic behaviors such as being neat, :wikt:systematic, systematic, :wikt:carefulness, careful, :wikt:thoroughness, thorough, and :wikt:deliberate, deliberate (tending to think carefully before acting). Conscientiousness is one of the five traits of both the Big Five personality traits, Five Factor Model and the HEXACO model of personality structure, HEXACO model of personality and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Big Five Personality Traits
In personality psychology and psychometrics, the Big 5 or five-factor model (FFM) is a widely-used Scientific theory, scientific model for describing how personality Trait theory, traits differ across people using five distinct Factor analysis, factors: * Openness to experience, ''openness'' (''O'') measures creativity, curiosity, and willingness to entertain new ideas. * ''conscientiousness'' (''C'') measures self-control, diligence, and attention to detail. * Extraversion and introversion, ''extraversion'' (''E'') measures boldness, Surgency, energy, and social interactivity. * ''amicability'' or ''agreeableness'' (''A'') measures kindness, helpfulness, and willingness to cooperate. * ''neuroticism'' (''N'') measures depression, irritability, and moodiness. These traits are not black and white; each one is a spectrum, with personality varying Continuous or discrete variable, continuously across each of these dimensions (unlike in the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, MBTI inventory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychoticism
Psychoticism is one of the three traits used by the psychologist Hans Eysenck in his outdated P–E–N model ( psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism) model of personality. Psychoticism includes the traits of "aggression, coldness, egocentrism, impulsivity, lack of empathy, tough-mindedness, and being antisocial." Nature Psychoticism is conceptually similar to the ''constraint'' factor in Tellegen's three-factor model of personality. Psychoticism may be divided into narrower traits such as impulsivity and sensation-seeking. These may in turn be further subdivided into even more specific traits. For example, impulsivity may be divided into narrow impulsivity (unthinking responsivity), risk taking, non-planning, and liveliness. Sensation seeking has also been analysed into a number of separate facets. Eysenck argued that there might be a correlation between psychoticism and creativity. Critics Critics of the trait have suggested that the trait is too heterogeneous to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
In psychology, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) is a questionnaire to assess the personality traits of a person. It was devised by psychologists Hans Jürgen Eysenck and Sybil B. G. Eysenck. Hans Eysenck's theory is based primarily on physiology and genetics. Although he was a behaviorist who considered learned habits of great importance, he believed that personality differences are determined by genetic inheritance. He is, therefore, primarily interested in temperament. In devising a temperament-based theory, Eysenck did not exclude the possibility that some aspects of personality are learned, but left the consideration of these to other researchers. Dimensions Eysenck initially conceptualized personality as two biologically based independent dimensions of temperament, ''E'' and ''N'', measured on a continuum, but then extending this to include a third, ''P''. E – Extraversion/Introversion: Extraversion is characterized by being outgoing, talkative, high on posit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternative Five
The alternative five factor model of personality is based on the claim that the structure of human personality traits is best explained by five broad factors called impulsive sensation seeking (ImpSS), neuroticism–anxiety (N-Anx), aggression–hostility (Agg-Host), sociability (Sy), and activity (Act). The model was developed by Marvin Zuckerman and colleagues as a rival to the well-known five factor model of personality traits and is based on the assumption that "basic" personality traits are those with a strong biological-evolutionary basis. One of the salient differences between these two models is that the alternative five model lacks any equivalent to the dimension called openness to experience in the five factor model. Development of the model The aim of Zuckerman and colleagues in developing the alternative five model was to identify the "basic" factors of personality. Zuckerman argued that basic factors have a biological-evolutionary basis as evidenced by comparable tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Risk
In simple terms, risk is the possibility of something bad happening. Risk involves uncertainty about the effects/implications of an activity with respect to something that humans value (such as health, well-being, wealth, property or the environment), often focusing on negative, undesirable consequences. Many different definitions have been proposed. One ISO standard, international standard definition of risk is the "effect of uncertainty on objectives". The understanding of risk, the methods of assessment and management, the descriptions of risk and even the definitions of risk differ in different practice areas (business, economics, Environmental science, environment, finance, information technology, health, insurance, safety, security, security, privacy, etc). This article provides links to more detailed articles on these areas. The international standard for risk management, ISO 31000, provides principles and general guidelines on managing risks faced by organizations. Defi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HEXACO
The HEXACO model of personality structure is a six-dimensional model of human personality that was created by Michael C. Ashton and Kibeom Lee and explained in their book ''The H Factor of Personality'' (), based on findings from a series of lexical hypothesis, lexical studies involving several European and Asian languages. The six factors, or wikt:dimension, dimensions, include Honesty-humility factor of the HEXACO model of personality, honesty-humility (H), Neuroticism, emotionality (E), extraversion (X), Agreeableness#HEXACO Model, agreeableness (A), conscientiousness (C), and openness to experience (O). Each factor is composed of traits with characteristics indicating high and low levels of the factor. The HEXACO model was developed through similar methods as other trait taxonomies and builds on the work of Costa and McCrae and Goldberg. The model, therefore, shares several common elements with other Trait theory, trait models. However, the HEXACO model is unique mainly due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honesty-humility Factor Of The HEXACO Model Of Personality
The honesty-humility factor is one of the six basic personality traits of the HEXACO model of personality. Honesty-humility is a basic personality trait representing the tendency to be fair and genuine when dealing with others, in the sense of cooperating with others, even when someone might utilize them without suffering retaliation. People with very high levels of the honesty-humility avoid manipulating for personal gain, feel little desire to break rules, are uninterested in wealth and luxuries, and feel no special right to elevated social status. Individuals with very low levels on this scale will compliment others to get whatever they want, are inclined to break the rules for personal gains, are motivated by material gain, and feel a strong sense of self-importance. Subscales Like the other facets of the HEXACO model, Honesty-Humility has four subscales: *Sincerity – this subscale measures a person's (un)willingness to be manipulative or dishonest in their dealings with oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
