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Second Conference Of The State Of Lithuania
The Second Conference of the State of Lithuania () was a conference held on 16–22 January 1919 in Kaunas. It was the second conference after the Vilnius Conference in September 1917 that discussed the merits and composition of the Council of Lithuania which adopted the Act of Independence of Lithuania in February 1918. During 1918, the Council of Lithuania made some controversial decisions (primarily related to the proclamation of a constitutional monarchy) and almost doubled in size. Thus a conference was seen as a way to renew confidence in the council. After the Armistice of 11 November 1918, Lithuania organized the first cabinet of ministers led by the Prime Minister Augustinas Voldemaras and the Council of Lithuania assumed a role equivalent to a parliament. However, the outbreak of the Lithuanian–Soviet War caused a government crisis and left-wing Mykolas Sleževičius of the Lithuanian Popular Socialist Democratic Party agreed to step up and form a new cabinet of minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaunas
Kaunas (; ) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius, the fourth largest List of cities in the Baltic states by population, city in the Baltic States and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a in the Duchy of Trakai of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Trakai Voivodeship, Trakai Palatinate since 1413. In the Russian Empire, it was the capital of the Kovno Governorate, Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915. During the interwar period, it served as the temporary capital of Lithuania, when Vilnius was Polish–Lithuanian War, seized and controlled by Second Polish Republic, Poland between 1920 and 1939. During that period Kaunas was celebrated for its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Revival architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture, interior design of the time, and a widespread café culture. The city in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justinas Staugaitis
Justinas Staugaitis (14 November 1866 near Šakiai – 8 July 1943, Telšiai) was a Lithuanian Roman Catholic bishop, politician, educator, and author. He was one of the twenty signatories to the Act of Independence of Lithuania. Biography Staugaitis graduated from the Sejny Theological Seminary and was ordained in 1890. At that time, the use of the written Lithuanian language was prohibited, and his cousin Antanas Saugaitis participated in the underground movements that smuggled in such books and periodicals (see Knygnešiai). He then served as a curate in a number of parishes in Lithuania and Poland. In Marijampolė, he founded the educational Žiburys Society, and was instrumental in founding several schools, an old age home, and an orphanage. From 1909 to 1912 he served on the editorial staff of the periodical ''Vadovas'' (The Guide). At the Vilnius Conference in 1917, he was elected to the Council of Lithuania, and signed the Act of Independence in 1918. As a me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaunas State Musical Theatre
The Kaunas State Musical Theatre, formerly Kaunas City Theatre, is a theatre in Kaunas, Lithuania. It is home to a musical theatre company of the same name, established on 27 November 1940 in the former State Theatre hall on the Laisvės Alėja. History The building dates back to 1892, when a small theatre designed by Kaunas province architect Justinas Golinevičius was built next to what is now known as the City Garden. The decision to build a Kaunas City Theatre was made in 1891, and the first play was staged there on January 9, 1892. Renaissance Revival architecture was chosen as a style for the building, and it was built in the City Garden square. The two-story building incorporated a hall of in size. Spectators also could watch plays from the two-storey balcony rows. In the balconies, special loges were established for the Kovno Governorate, Governor of Kaunas and the commandant of Kaunas Fortress. Kaunas became the temporary capital of Lithuania, temporary capital during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party Of Lithuania
The Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (, LSDP) is a centre-left and social democratic political party in Lithuania. Founded as an underground Marxist organisation in 1896, it is the oldest extant party in Lithuania. During the time of the Soviet Union, the party went into exile, emerging once again after the end of communist rule in 1989. The party led a government in the unicameral Seimas, Lithuania's parliament from 2001 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2016. It has been the ruling party of Lithuania since 2024. The party is a member of the Party of European Socialists (PES), Progressive Alliance, and Socialist International. History Establishment Initial discussions about forming a Marxist political party in Lithuania began early in 1895, with a number of informal gatherings bringing together social democrats of various stripes resulting in a preparatory conference in the summer of that year. Differences in objectives became clear between ethnic Jews and ethnic Lithuani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic National Freedom League
The Farmers' Party (, ŪP) was a liberal political party in inter-war Lithuania. History The party was established as the Democratic National Freedom League (''Demokratinė tautos laisvės santara'' known simply as ''Santara'' and its members as ''santarininkai'') in March 1917 by Lithuanian refugees in Saint Petersburg. The party initially advocated for Lithuanian autonomy within the Russian Empire. Its members were liberal intelligentsia, including future Ministers of Justice Petras Leonas and Stasys Šilingas, diplomats Vaclovas Sidzikauskas and Jurgis Baltrušaitis. In 1917–1920, they published newspaper ''Santara'' in St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Kaunas. The party gained just 2,591 votes in the 1920 parliamentary elections and did not participate in the 1922 or 1923 elections but had members in almost every government in 1918–1922. In 1925, it became the Farmers' Party and published weekly ''Ūkininkų balsas'' (Voice of Farmers) until 1928. It won two seats in the 1926 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of National Progress
The Party of National Progress () or TPP was a political party in Lithuania. It was established in 1916. The party was named by the prominent Lithuanian activist and writer Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, who regarded progress as the main aspect of future politics. The party published its main goals in 1917, while Lithuania was still part of the Russian Empire. They announced that the party regarded Lithuania as a democratic republic with rights to self determination. In late 1917 Alfonsas Petrulis, a member of the party, was elected into the Council of Lithuania. However, it failed to get any seats in the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania The Constituent Assembly of Lithuania or Constituent Seimas () was the first parliament of the independent state of Lithuania to be elected in a direct, democratic, general, secret election. The Assembly assumed its duties on 15 May 1920 and was ... in 1920. It then merged with the Lithuanian Farmers' Association to form the Lithuanian Nationalist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army. In February 1946, the Red Army (which embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces alongside the Soviet Navy) was renamed the "Soviet Army". Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union it was split between the post-Soviet states, with its bulk becoming the Russian Ground Forces, commonly considered to be the successor of the Soviet Army. The Red Army provided the largest land warfare, ground force in the Allies of World War II, Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its Soviet invasion of Manchuria, invasion of Manchuria assisted the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles For Vilnius (1918–1919)
The Battles for Vilnius in 1918–1919 (, ) were a series of battles fought in Vilnius between the pro-Polish Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus (1918), Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus who were initially against the Imperial German Army retreating from the city and the Bolshevik paramilitaries (31 December 1918 – 3 January 1919) and then against the attacking Red Army (4–5 January 1919). The fighting resulted in the temporary capture of most of the city of Vilnius by the Poles, who eventually had to retreat before the Red Army came. Some historians consider this as the beginning of the Polish–Soviet War, Polish–Soviet war. Background In the early 20th century, Vilnius (; ), was a part of the Russian Empire until 1915, when the city came under German occupation after a Vilno-Dvinsk offensive, successful German offensive. In late 1918, German soldiers withdrew from the occupied lands of the former Russian Empire, and their place was taken by the Bolsheviks. At t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilnius
Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population was 607,667, and the Vilnius urban area (which extends beyond the city limits) has an estimated population of 747,864. Vilnius is notable for the architecture of its Vilnius Old Town, Old Town, considered one of Europe's largest and best-preserved old towns. The city was declared a World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The architectural style known as Vilnian Baroque is named after the city, which is farthest to the east among Baroque architecture, Baroque cities and the largest such city north of the Alps. The city was noted for its #Demographics, multicultural population during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with contemporary sources comparing it to Babylon. Before World War II and The Holocaust in Lithuania, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jokūbas Šernas
Jokūbas Šernas (14 June 1888 – 31 July 1926) was a Lithuanian attorney, journalist, teacher and banker, one of the twenty signatories to the Act of Independence of Lithuania. Born in Biržai, he studied law at the University of St. Petersburg, graduating in 1914. After he returned to Lithuania, he worked in Vilnius for various political causes centering on independence and taught at the Vilnius Gymnasium, as well as editing ''Lietuvos žinios'' (Lithuanian News). He helped organize the Vilnius Conference and was elected to the Council of Lithuania, signing the Act in 1918. After independence Šernas served in the organizations working to establish democratic institutions in the new state, including the Ministry of the Interior. He founded and edited the journal ''Savivaldybės'' (Self Government) and was appointed director of the Commerce and Industry Bank. He was the father of the actor Jacques Sernas but died in Kaunas Kaunas (; ) is the second-largest city in L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liudas Noreika
Liudas Noreika (19 August 1884 – 30 May 1928) was a Lithuanian attorney, activist, and politician. He served as the Minister of Justice under three prime ministers in March 1919 – June 1920. Noreika studied to become a Catholic priest, but lack of calling made him switch to studies of law at Saint Petersburg University. During World War I, he worked with the Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers to provide aid to Lithuanian war refugees and was politically active in the Party of National Progress. He was one of the organizers of the Petrograd Seimas in June 1917. After his return to Lithuania, he was coopted into the Council of Lithuania in November 1918. He left government service in 1920, but continued to be actively involved with the Party of National Progress which merged to form the Lithuanian Nationalist Union in 1924. He was editor of many of the party's periodicals, including ''Vairas'' (1914–1915), '' Tauta'' (1920) and ' (1926). He was party's chai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
