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Sasol
Sasol Limited, commonly referred to as Sasol, is an integrated energy and chemical company based in Sandton, South Africa. The company was formed in 1950 in Sasolburg, South Africa, and built around coal liquefaction processes that German chemists and engineers first developed in the early 1900s. Today, Sasol develops and commercializes technologies, including synthetic fuel technologies, and produces different liquid fuels, chemicals, coal tar, and electricity. Sasol is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE: SOL) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: SSL). Major shareholders include the South African Government Employees Pension Fund, Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited (IDC), Allan Gray Investment Counsel, Coronation Fund Managers, Ninety One, and others. Sasol employs 30,100 people worldwide and has operations in 33 countries. It is the largest corporate taxpayer in South Africa and the seventh-largest coal mining company in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sasol Logo Old
Sasol Limited, commonly referred to as Sasol, is an integrated energy and chemical company based in Sandton, South Africa, Sandton, South Africa. The company was formed in 1950 in Sasolburg, South Africa, and built around coal liquefaction processes that German chemists and engineers first developed in the early 1900s. Today, Sasol develops and commercializes technologies, including synthetic fuel technologies, and produces different liquid fuels, chemicals, coal tar, and electricity. Sasol is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE: SOL) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: SSL). Major shareholders include the South African Government Employees Pension Fund, Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited (IDC), Allan Gray Investment Management, Allan Gray Investment Counsel, Coronation Fund Managers, Ninety One plc, Ninety One, and others. Sasol employs 30,100 people worldwide and has operations in 33 countries. It is the largest corporate taxpayer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sasolburg
Sasolburg is a city in the Free State province of South Africa. The city is located in the northern part of the province and is the seat of the Metsimaholo Local Municipality. The city lies 13 kilometres south of the Gauteng province and forms part of the Vaal Triangle (Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging and Sasolburg) region. Most white residents of Sasolburg speak Afrikaans as a first language, while most black residents speak Sesotho as a first language. History The town was established in 1954 to provide housing and other facilities for Sasol employees. The initial installation (Sasol 1) was a pilot plant to refine oil from coal, due to the lack of petroleum reserves. The coal reserves of the country were and still are extensive. The political developments of the late 1960s and early 1970s (specifically the trade embargoes against the apartheid government) made the operation of the pilot plant a priority to the government. Plans were made for a production plant to be built in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal Liquefaction
Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals. This process is often known as "coal to X" or "carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbon-based products. However, the most common process chain is "coal to liquid fuels" (CTL). Historical background Coal liquefactions originally was developed at the beginning of the 20th century. The best-known CTL process is Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FT), named after the inventors Franz Joseph Emil Fischer, Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch from the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in the 1920s. The FT synthesis is the basis for indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) technology. Friedrich Bergius, also a German chemist, invented direct coal liquefaction (DCL) as a way to convert lignite into synthetic oil in 1913. Coal liquefaction was an important part of Adolf Hitler's four-year plan of 1936, and became an integral part of German industry during World War II. During the mid-1930s, compan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Largest Coal Mining Companies
The largest coal mining companies of the world are found in several countries, the most prominent among them being the United States, Australia, India and China. Unlike the article on the List of largest mining companies by revenue, this article focuses solely on coal mining companies and deliberately avoids listing companies that mine Gold, Silver or Platinum. This article also avoid listing companies like Glencore or Trafigura which are essentially trading companies or holding companies; they are not actual mining companies. Largest coal mining companies of the world Both private and public companies are included in this list. See also * List of largest manufacturing companies by revenue * List of public corporations by market capitalization * List of largest chemical producers References {{DEFAULTSORT:List of largest coal mining companies Coal mining Mining Mining is the Resource extraction, extraction of valuable geological materials and mineral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liquid Fuels
Liquid fuels are combustible or energy-generating molecules that can be harnessed to create mechanical energy, usually producing kinetic energy; they also must take the shape of their container. It is the fumes of liquid fuels that are flammable instead of the fluid. Most liquid fuels in widespread use are derived from fossil fuels; however, there are several types, such as hydrogen fuel (for automotive uses), ethanol, and biodiesel, which are also categorized as a liquid fuel. Many liquid fuels play a primary role in transportation and the economy. Liquid fuels are contrasted with solid fuels and gaseous fuels. General properties Some common properties of liquid fuels are that they are easy to transport, and can be handled with relative ease. Physical properties of liquid fuels vary by temperature, though not as greatly as for gaseous fuels. Some of these properties are: flash point, the lowest temperature at which a flammable concentration of vapor is produced; fire point, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonisation
Carbonization or carbonisation is the conversion of organic matters like plants and dead animal remains into carbon through destructive distillation. Complexity in carbonization Carbonization is a pyrolytic reaction, therefore, is considered a complex process in which many reactions take place concurrently such as dehydrogenation, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Carbonization differs from coalification in that it occurs much faster, due to its reaction rate being faster by many orders of magnitude. For the final pyrolysis temperature, the amount of heat applied controls the degree of carbonization and the residual content of foreign elements. For example, at T ~ the carbon content of the residue exceeds a mass fraction of 90 wt.%, whereas at T ~ more than 99 wt.% carbon is found. Carbonization is often exothermic, which means that it could in principle be made self-sustaining and be used as a source of energy that does not produce carbon dioxide. In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diesel Fuel
Diesel fuel, also called diesel oil, heavy oil (historically) or simply diesel, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place without a spark as a result of compression of the inlet air and then injection of fuel. Therefore, diesel fuel needs good compression ignition characteristics. The most common type of diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillation, fractional distillate of petroleum fuel oil, but alternatives that are not derived from petroleum, such as biodiesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel are increasingly being developed and adopted. To distinguish these types, petroleum-derived diesel is sometimes called petrodiesel in some academic circles. Diesel is a high-volume product of oil refineries. In many countries, diesel fuel is standardized. For example, in the European Union, the standard for diesel fuel is EN 590. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrol
Gasoline (North American English) or petrol ( Commonwealth English) is a petrochemical product characterized as a transparent, yellowish, and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. When formulated as a fuel for engines, gasoline is chemically composed of organic compounds derived from the fractional distillation of petroleum and later chemically enhanced with gasoline additives. It is a high-volume profitable product produced in crude oil refineries. The ability of a particular gasoline blend to resist premature ignition (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane rating. Tetraethyl lead was once widely used to increase the octane rating but is not used in modern automotive gasoline due to the health hazard. Aviation, off-road motor vehicles, and racing car engines still use leaded gasolines. Other substances are frequently added to gasoline to improve chemical stabilit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fly Ash
Coal combustion products (CCPs), also called coal combustion wastes (CCWs) or coal combustion residuals (CCRs), are byproducts of burning coal. They are categorized in four groups, each based on physical and chemical forms derived from coal combustion methods and emission controls: * Fly ash is captured after coal combustion by filters (Dust collector#Fabric filters, bag houses), electrostatic precipitators and other air pollution control devices. It comprises 60 percent of all coal combustion waste (labeled here as coal combustion products). It is most commonly used as a high-performance substitute for Portland cement or as Cement clinker, clinker for Portland cement production. Cements blended with fly ash are becoming more common. Building material applications range from grouts and masonry products to cellular concrete and roofing tiles. Many asphaltic concrete pavements contain fly ash. Geotechnical applications include soil stabilization, road base, structural fill, embankmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ninety One Plc
Ninety One is an Anglo-South African asset management business, based in London and Cape Town, and cross-listed on the London Stock Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. It is a constituent of the FTSE 250 index. History The company was formed as Investec Investec is an Anglo- South African international banking and wealth management group, founded in Johannesburg, South Africa. It provides a range of financial products and services to a client base in Europe, Southern Africa, and Asia-Pacific. ... Asset Management in 1991. It changed its name to Ninety One in spring 2020: the new name is in recognition of the brand's heritage, as it was in 1991 that the investment firm was started in South Africa. The company was demerged from South African financial institution Investec in March 2020. It had been envisaged that 10% of the stock would be offered to the public but Investec decided to retain 25% (rather than just 15% as originally planned) because of market condi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coronation Fund Managers
Coronation Fund Managers is a South African third-party fund management company, headquartered in Cape Town. The company has locations in all major South African metropolitan areas, as well as offices in, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Namibia, where it is represented by Namibia Asset Management (a strategic partner). As of December 2019 the company had assets under management of R578 billion. History Coronation Fund Managers commenced operations in Cape Town in 1993, with 15 staff and no assets under management. In 1996 Coronation's unit trust business, Coronation Management Company, was launched. It also launched South Africa's first international fund of hedge funds: Coronation Global Equity Fund. In 1997, Coronation launched the country's first retail international fund of hedge funds, the Coronation International Active Fund of Funds, and was instrumental in the formation of Namibia Asset Management and Namibia Unit Trust Managers. In 1998 Coronation Fund Managers es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allan Gray Investment Management
Allan Gray is an investment management firm headquartered in South Africa, established with the objective of offering a range of investments. In addition to its primary location, the firm has expanded its operations to include offices in Botswana, Namibia, and Eswatini, reflecting its broader geographic reach within the region. It also works in collaboration with sister companies, Orbis Investment Management and Allan Gray Australia, to leverage global investment insights and strategies. Allan Gray caters to a diverse clientele, which encompasses both institutional and individual investors, along with insurance companies, trusts, foundations, and foreign institutions. History Allan Gray Investment Counsel was established in October 1973 by Allan W.B. Gray, securing its first client the following year. To expand its global investment capabilities, the founder initiated Orbis Investment Management in 1989, focusing on international investment opportunities. The company underwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
