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Row- And Column-major Order
In computing, row-major order and column-major order are methods for storing multidimensional arrays in linear storage such as random access memory. The difference between the orders lies in which elements of an array are contiguous in memory. In row-major order, the consecutive elements of a row reside next to each other, whereas the same holds true for consecutive elements of a column in column-major order. While the terms allude to the rows and columns of a two-dimensional array, i.e. a matrix, the orders can be generalized to arrays of any dimension by noting that the terms row-major and column-major are equivalent to lexicographic and colexicographic orders, respectively. Data layout is critical for correctly passing arrays between programs written in different programming languages. It is also important for performance when traversing an array because modern CPUs process sequential data more efficiently than nonsequential data. This is primarily due to CPU caching which e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Row And Column Major Order
Row or ROW may refer to: Exercise *Rowing, or a form of aquatic movement using oars * Row (weight-lifting), a form of weight-lifting exercise Math *Row vector, a 1 × ''n'' matrix in linear algebra. *Row (database), a single, implicitly structured data item in a table *Tone row, an arrangement of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale Other * Reality of Wrestling, an American professional wrestling promotion founded in 2005 * ''Row'' (album), an album by Gerard *Right-of-way (transportation), ROW, also often R/O/W. * The Row (fashion label) Places * Rów, Pomeranian Voivodeship, north Poland * Rów, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, north Poland * Rów, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, northwest Poland * Roswell International Air Center's IATA code * Row, a former spelling of Rhu, Dunbartonshire, Scotland * The Row (Lyme, New York), a set of historic homes * The Row, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Rest of the world or RoW See also *Row house *Controversy, sometimes called "r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAS Language
The SAS language is a computer programming language used for statistical analysis, created by Anthony James Barr at North Carolina State University.Barr & Goodnight, et al. 1976:"The SAS Staff". Attribution of contributions to SAS 72 and SAS 76. It can read in data from common spreadsheets and databases and output the results of statistical analyses in tables, graphs, and as RTF, HTML and PDF documents. The SAS language runs under compilers that can be used on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and various other UNIX and mainframe computers. The SAS System and World Programming System (WPS) are SAS language compilers. Overview of syntax The language is Turing-complete domain specific computer language with many of the attributes of a command language. It is narrowly focused on statistical analysis of data. The language consists of two main types of blocks: DATA blocks that introduce new datasets and PROC blocks that perform procedures on them. A simple example is the following * COMMMEN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Language Infrastructure
The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is an open specification and technical standard originally developed by Microsoft and standardized by ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23271) and Ecma International (ECMA 335) that describes executable code and a runtime environment that allows multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms without being rewritten for specific architectures. This implies it is platform agnostic. The .NET Framework, .NET and Mono are implementations of the CLI. The metadata format is also used to specify the API definitions exposed by the Windows Runtime. Overview Among other things, the CLI specification describes the following four aspects: ;The Common Type System (CTS) :A set of data types and operations that are shared by all CTS-compliant programming languages. ;The Metadata :Information about program structure is language-agnostic, so that it can be referenced between languages and tools, making it easy to work with code wr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C Sharp (programming Language)
C# (pronounced ) is a general-purpose, high-level multi-paradigm programming language. C# encompasses static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. The C# programming language was designed by Anders Hejlsberg from Microsoft in 2000 and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23270) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with .NET Framework and Visual Studio, both of which were closed-source. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a free and open-source project called Mono began, providing a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment for the C# programming language. A decade later, Microsoft released Visual Studio Code (code editor), Roslyn (compiler), and the unified .NET platform (software framework), all of which support C# and are free, op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java (programming Language)
Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers ''write once, run anywhere'' ( WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. , Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub, particularly for client–server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers. Java was originally develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iliffe Vector
In computer programming, an Iliffe vector, also known as a display, is a data structure used to implement multi-dimensional arrays. An Iliffe vector for an ''n''-dimensional array (where ''n'' ≥ 2) consists of a vector (or 1-dimensional array) of pointers to an (''n'' − 1)-dimensional array. They are often used to avoid the need for expensive multiplication operations when performing address calculation on an array element. They can also be used to implement jagged arrays, such as triangular arrays, triangular matrices and other kinds of irregularly shaped arrays. The data structure is named after John K. Iliffe. Their disadvantages include the need for multiple chained pointer indirections to access an element, and the extra work required to determine the next row in an ''n''-dimensional array to allow an optimising compiler to prefetch it. Both of these are a source of delays on systems where the CPU is significantly faster than main memory. The Il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rasdaman
rasdaman ("raster data manager") is an Array DBMS, that is: a Database Management System which adds capabilities for storage and retrieval of massive multi-dimensional arrays, such as sensor, image, simulation, and statistics data. A frequently used synonym to arrays is ''raster data'', such as in 2-D raster graphics; this actually has motivated the name ''rasdaman''. However, rasdaman has no limitation in the number of dimensions - it can serve, for example, 1-D measurement data, 2-D satellite imagery, 3-D x/y/t image time series and x/y/z exploration data, 4-D ocean and climate data, and even beyond spatio-temporal dimensions. History In 1989, Peter Baumann started a research on database support for images, then at Fraunhofer Computer Graphics Institute. Following an in-depth investigation on raster data formalizations in imaging, in particular the AFATL Image Algebra, he established a database model for multi-dimensional arrays, including a data model and declarative quer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yorick (programming Language)
Yorick is an interpreted programming language designed for numerics, graph plotting, and steering large scientific simulation codes. It is quite fast due to array syntax, and extensible via C or Fortran routines. It was created in 1996 by David H. Munro of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Features Indexing Yorick is good at manipulating elements in N-dimensional arrays conveniently with its powerful syntax. Several elements can be accessed all at once: > x= ,2,3,4,5,6 > x ,2,3,4,5,6> x(3:6) ,4,5,6> x(3:6:2) ,5> x(6:3:-2) ,4 ;Arbitrary elements > x= 1,2,3 ,5,6 > x 1,2,3 ,5,6 > x( ,1 ,2 ,1[5,4 > list=where(1 list [2,3,4,5,6] > y=x(list) > y [2,3,4,5,6] ;Pseudo-index Like "theading" in Perl Data Language, PDL and "broadcasting" in Numpy, Yorick has a mechanism to do this: > x= ,2,3> x ,2,3> y= 1,2,3 ,5,6 > y 1,2,3 ,5,6 > y(-,) .html"_;"title="[1">[1[2[3.html" ;"title="">[1[2.html" ;"title=".html" ;"title="[1">[1[2">.html" ;"title="[1">[1[2[3">">[1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scilab
Scilab is a free and open-source, cross-platform numerical computational package and a high-level, numerically oriented programming language. It can be used for signal processing, statistical analysis, image enhancement, fluid dynamics simulations, numerical optimization, and modeling, simulation of explicit and implicit dynamical systems and (if the corresponding toolbox is installed) symbolic manipulations. Scilab is one of the two major open-source alternatives to MATLAB, the other one being GNU Octave. Scilab puts less emphasis on syntactic compatibility with MATLAB than Octave does, but it is similar enough that some authors suggest that it is easy to transfer skills between the two systems. Introduction Scilab is a high-level, numerically oriented programming language. The language provides an interpreted programming environment, with matrices as the main data type. By using matrix-based computation, dynamic typing, and automatic memory management, many numerical pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
R (programming Language)
R is a programming language for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Created by statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is used among data miners, bioinformaticians and statisticians for data analysis and developing statistical software. Users have created packages to augment the functions of the R language. According to user surveys and studies of scholarly literature databases, R is one of the most commonly used programming languages used in data mining. R ranks 12th in the TIOBE index, a measure of programming language popularity, in which the language peaked in 8th place in August 2020. The official R software environment is an open-source free software environment within the GNU package, available under the GNU General Public License. It is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself (partially self-hosting). Precompiled executables are provided for various operating systems. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-PLUS
S-PLUS is a commercial implementation of the S programming language sold by TIBCO Software Inc. It features object-oriented programming capabilities and advanced analytical algorithms. Due to the increasing popularity of the open source S successor R, TIBCO Software released thTIBCO Enterprise Runtime for R (TERR)as an alternative R interpreter. Historical timeline 1988: S-PLUS is first produced by a Seattle-based start-up company called Statistical Sciences, Inc. The founder and sole owner is R. Douglas Martin, professor of statistics at the University of Washington, Seattle. 1993: Statistical Sciences acquires the exclusive license to distribute S and merges with MathSoft, becoming the firm's Data Analysis Products Division (DAPD). 1995: S-PLUS 3.3 for Windows 95/NT. Matrix library, command history, Trellis graphics 1996: S-PLUS 3.4 for UNIX. Trellis graphics, (non-linear mixed effects) library, hexagonal binning, cluster methods. 1997: S-PLUS 4 for Windows. New GUI, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S (programming Language)
S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories. The aim of the language, as expressed by John Chambers, is "to turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully". The modern implementation of S is R, a part of the GNU free software project. S-PLUS, a commercial product, was formerly sold by TIBCO Software. History "Old S" S is one of several statistical computing languages that were designed at Bell Laboratories, and first took form between 1975–1976. Up to that time, much of the statistical computing was done by directly calling Fortran subroutines; however, S was designed to offer an alternate and more interactive approach, motivated in part by exploratory data analysis advocated by John Tukey. Early design decisions that hold even today include interactive graphics devices (printers and character terminals at the time), and providing easily accessible documentation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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