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Romania In World War I
The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the most significant oil fields in Europe, and Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. From the point of view of its belligerent status, Romania was a neutral country between 28 July 1914 and 27 August 1916, a belligerent country on the part of the Entente from 27 August 1916 to 9 December 1917, in a state of armistice with the Central Powers from 10 December 1917 to 7 May 1918, a non-combatant country between 7 May 1918 and 10 November 1918, and finally a belligerent country in the Entente between 10 and 11 November 1918. At the start of World War I, King Carol I of Romania favored Germany, while the nation's political elite favored the Entente. As such, the crown council took the decision t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Front (World War I)
The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater of World War I (german: Ostfront; ro, Frontul de răsărit; russian: Восточный фронт, Vostochny front) was a theater of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between Russia and Romania on one side and Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and Germany on the other. It stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, involved most of Eastern Europe, and stretched deep into Central Europe as well. The term contrasts with "Western Front", which was being fought in Belgium and France. During 1910, Russian General Yuri Danilov developed "Plan 19" under which four armies would invade East Prussia. This plan was criticised as Austria-Hungary could be a greater threat than the German Empire. So instead of four armies invading East Prussia, the Russians planned to send two armies to East Prussia, and two armies to defend against Austro-Hungarian forces invading from Gal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Rohr Von Denta
Franz Freiherr Rohr von Denta (30 October 1854 – 9 December 1927) was an Austro-Hungarian field marshal and field commander who served as the last commander of the Austro-Hungarian First Army. Early life Born in Arad, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (modern-day Romania), in 1854 as Franz Denta, son of an army NCO, he became a lieutenant in the ''3 Galizisches Uhlanen-Regiment Erzherzog Carl'' in 1876 upon graduating from the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener-Neustadt. He later attended the Austrian War College. Having attained the rank of Colonel, he was appointed Chief of Staff of II Corps in September 1897, a position in which he served until April 1901. By 1903 Denta was commanding the 73 Landwehr-Brigade at Pressburg/Pozsony (modern-day Bratislava) and in 1909 was made General Inspector of military educational establishments. In 1911 he was promoted to the rank of General der Kavallerie and appointed commander of the Hungarian ''Landwehr'' (''Honved'') in 1913. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Berthelot
Henri Mathias Berthelot (7 December 1861 – 29 January 1931) was a French general during World War I. He held an important staff position under Joseph Joffre, the French commander-in-chief, at the First Battle of the Marne, before later commanding a corps in the front line. In 1917 he helped to rebuild the Romanian Army following its disastrous defeat the previous autumn, then in summer 1918 he commanded French Fifth Army at the Second Battle of the Marne, with some British and Italian troops under his command. In the final days of the war he again returned to Romania, helping fight the Hungarians during the Hungarian–Romanian War and then briefly commanded French intervention forces in southern Russia in the Russian Civil War, fighting the Russian Bolsheviks in Bessarabia (1918). Appointed a member of the '' Conseil supérieur de la guerre'', he was among the supporters of the decision to build the Maginot Line. Biography Early life In 1883, after graduating from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milenko Milićević
Milenko (Cyrillic script: Миленко) is a name of Slavic origin, primarily used as a masculine given name. Notable people named Milenko include: People named Milenko As a given name * Milenko Ačimovič (born 1977), Slovenian football player * Milenko Bajić (1944–2009), Bosnian-Herzegovinian and Yugoslav football player and manager * Milenko Bogićević (born 1976), Serbian basketball coach * Milenko Bojanić (1924–1987), Yugoslav politician and Prime Minister of Serbia 1964–1967 * Milenko Bošnjaković (born 1968), Bosnian football manager * Milenko Đedović (born 1972), Serbian football player * Milenko Jovanov (born 1980), Serbian politician * Milenko Kersnić (born 1946), Slovenian gymnast * Milenko Kiković (born 1954), Serbian football player and manager * Milenko Kovačević (born 1963), Yugoslav football player * Milenko Lekić (born 1936), Serbian gymnast * Milenko Milošević (born 1976), Bosnian football player * Milenko Nedelkovski, host of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Zayonchkovski
Andrei Medardovich Zayonchkovsky (russian: Андре́й Меда́рдович Зайончко́вский) ( – 22 March 1926) commanded the defence of the Romanian-Bulgarian border in Dobruja upon Romania's entry into World War I in August 1916. Biography After graduation from the Nicholas School of Military Engineering (Nikolaevskoe Inzhenernoe Uchilishche) in 1882, Zayonchkovsky served in the 5th Sapper Battalion. In 1888 he graduated from the General Staff Academy and served in various staff positions. During the Russo-Japanese War he commanded the 85th Vyborg Infantry Regiment and the 2nd brigade of the 3rd Siberian Infantry Division. During World War I Zayonchkovsky commanded first the 30th Army Corps. Following Romania's entry into the war on 27 August 1916, he commanded the Russian-Romanian Dobruja Army in charge of defending Dobruja against the Central Powers. He was relieved by general Dmitry Shcherbachev in April 1917 and was in retirement by the time of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Shcherbachev
Dmitry Grigoryevich Shcherbachev (russian: Дми́трий Григо́рьевич Щербачёв; Romanization of Russian, tr. ; 18 January 1932) was a general in the Russian Army during World War I and one of the leaders of the White Movement during the Russian Civil War. Biography Early life Shcherbachev was born on (6th was according to the Julian calendar at use in Russia at the time) near Ruza, Ruzsky District, Moscow Oblast, Ruza, Moscow Governorate in the Russian Empire. He came from the Russian nobility, Russian noble Shcherbachev family (:ru:Щербачёвы, ru) which originated from the Golden Horde. His father was Major-General Grigory Dmitryevich Shcherbachev. Military career Shcherbachev graduated from the Gymnasium (school), Orel Military Gymnasium in 1873 and the Mikhailovsky Artillery School in 1876. In 1877, he was transferred to the Imperial Guard (Russia)#Guards Rifle Brigade, Life Guards Horse Artillery Brigade by the ensign, and he reached the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov
Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov (russian: Влади́мир Ви́кторович Са́харов; 20 May 1853 – 1920) was a Russian general of the cavalry who served in the Russian Imperial Army. In an army career lasting from 1869 to 1917, he served in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, the Russo-Japanese War, and World War I. Biography Early life Sakharov was a descendant of the nobility of the Moscow Governorate and was a member of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1869 he graduated from the Second Moscow Cadet Corps. Military career Sakharov entered the Imperial Russian Army on 10 August 1869. He graduated from the 1st Military Pavlovsk School in 1871 and was promoted to ''podporuchik'' (ensign) on 11 August 1871. He was seconded to the Life Guards Grenadier Regiment and became Warrant Officer of the Guard on 17 August 1872. He was promoted to second lieutenant on 6 December 1874 and to lieutenant on 30 August 1876. In 1878 he graduated from the Nikolayev Academy o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihail Aslan
Mihail Ceaur-Aslan was one of the generals of the Romanian Army in the First World War. He served as commander of the 3rd Army between 14/27 August - 25 August / 7 September 1916, when his command was lifted due to the defective way in which he led military actions that resulted in the serious defeat at the Battle of Turtucaia.Constantin Kirițescu, ''Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României'', vol. 1, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1989, Early life and family Mihail Aslan was born in Onești, in the family of the hetman Alecu Ceaur-Aslan, being the eleventh son of the twelve of the hetman and the sixth of his second marriage to Felicia Moser. He was married to Eliza Olănescu. Military career After graduating from the military school of officers with the rank of lieutenant, Mihail Aslan was assigned to the 2nd Hunters Battalion, a unit in which he participated in the military actions of the war of independence from 1877 to 1878. In 1880 h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Culcer
Ioan Culcer (29 July 1853 – September 1928) was a Wallachian-born Romanian military leader and politician. Culcer served as a lieutenant during the Romanian War of Independence (1877–1878) and as a general during the Second Balkan War and World War I. In early 1918, he served as Minister for Public Works in the First Averescu cabinet. Early life and career Culcer was born in Târgu Jiu, Wallachia, on 29 July 1853, his family originating from Transylvania. He entered the Military School and graduated with the rank of second lieutenant. He participated in the Romanian War of Independence (1877–1878), in which he was wounded and promoted to lieutenant. During the Siege of Plevna, 90% of the officers and 50% of the troops from the battalions of the first Romanian assault wave were killed. From the battalion commanded by Captain Valter Mărăcineanu, Culcer was the only officer who survived. At that time, he was a First Lieutenant. After the war he attended the École Polytec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eremia Grigorescu
Eremia Teofil Grigorescu (28 November 1863 – 21 July 1919) was a Romanian artillery general during World War I, and Minister of War in the Constantin Coandă cabinet (October–November 1918). Early life Born in 1863 in the village Golășei (Bujor Sat) near Târgu Bujor, in Covurlui County, now Galați County, he studied at the Vasile Alecsandri High School in Galați from 1870 to 1878, and then to the Costache Negruzzi National College in Iași from 1878 to 1881. He then attended for a year the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Iași, before transferring to the Military School for Infantry and Cavalry in Bucharest. After graduating in 1884 with the rank of second lieutenant, Grigorescu pursued his studies in France, taking mathematics courses at the Sorbonne. He also attended special artillery and administration courses at the Military School of Saint-Cyr and at the French Ministry of War. In 1903 he was appointed director of the Artillery section at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandru Averescu
Alexandru Averescu (; 9 March 1859 – 2 October 1938) was a Romanian marshal, diplomat and populist politician. A Romanian Armed Forces Commander during World War I, he served as Prime Minister of three separate cabinets (as well as being ''interim'' Foreign Minister in January–March 1918 and Minister without portfolio in 1938). He first rose to prominence during the peasants' revolt of 1907, which he helped repress with violence. Credited with engineering the defense of Moldavia in the 1916–1917 Campaign, he built on his popularity to found and lead the successful People's Party, which he brought to power in 1920–1921, with backing from King Ferdinand I and the National Liberal Party (PNL), and with the notable participation of Constantin Argetoianu and Take Ionescu. His controversial first mandate, marked by a political crisis and oscillating support from the PNL's leader Ion I. C. Brătianu, played a part in legislating land reform and repressed communist activities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantin Prezan
Constantin Prezan (January 27, 1861 – August 27, 1943) was a Romanian general during World War I. In 1930 he was given the honorary title of Marshal of Romania, as a recognition of his merits during his command of the Northern Army and of the General Staff. Besides his participation in World War I, he also took part in the Second Balkan War and the 1918–1920 military operations for safeguarding the Great Union. He avoided getting actively involved in politics, although he had a series of political titles, which were rather honorary in nature. For instance, he held the title of senator by right, based on his high rank in the army, and that of member of the Crown Council of Romania. Biography He was born in the village of Sterianul de Mijloc, plasa Snagov, Ilfov County, currently in Butimanu commune, Dâmbovița County. He graduated from the officers' infantry and cavalry school in Bucharest and the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. Made a second lieutenant in 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
