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Roman Catholic Diocese Of Shanghai
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai ( la, Dioecesis Sciamhaevensis; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. Churches The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan. Bishops In 1950, Pope Pius XII appointed the Bishop of Suzhou, Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei, bishop of Shanghai. In 1955, he was arrested and given a life sentence in 1960. In the same year, the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association (CPCA) appointed Aloysius Zhang Jiashu, S.J. as Bishop of Shanghai to replace Kung, thereby being the first illicitly consecrated bishop of this diocese. In 1985, his Jesuit confrere, Aloysius Jin Luxian, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basilica
In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica is a large public building with multiple functions, typically built alongside the town's Forum (Roman), forum. The basilica was in the Latin West equivalent to a stoa in the Greek East. The building gave its name to the architectural form of the basilica. Originally, a basilica was an ancient Roman architecture, ancient Roman public building, where courts were held, as well as serving other official and public functions. Basilicas are typically rectangular buildings with a central nave flanked by two or more longitudinal aisles, with the roof at two levels, being higher in the centre over the nave to admit a clerestory and lower over the side-aisles. An apse at one end, or less frequently at both ends or on the side, usually contained the raised Tribune (architecture), tribunal occupied by the Roman magistrates. The basilica was centrally located in every Roman town, usually adjacent to the forum and often opposite a temple in imperia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Underground Church
The term underground church () is used to refer to Chinese Catholic churches in the People's Republic of China which have chosen not to associate with the state-sanctioned Catholic Patriotic Association, they are also called ''loyal church'' (). Underground churches came into existence in the 1950s, after the communist party's establishment of the People's Republic of China, due to the severing of ties between Chinese Catholics and the Holy See. There continues to be tensions between underground churches and "open churches" which have joined the state-sanctioned Catholic Patriotic Association (). Terminology The description of an "underground church" reflects language that was made popular during the Cold War, when these churches came about. Underground churches are also sometimes referred to as "Vatican loyalists" because they have attempted to remain loyal to the Pope and the Holy See. There is no established organization structure of underground churches, though they tend to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Fan Zhongliang
Joseph Fan Zhongliang S.J. (; 18 December 1918 – 16 March 2014), also known as Josephus Vei Zong Leong, was a Chinese Roman Catholic bishop in the Diocese of Shanghai in China. Life Fan was baptised aged 14. He joined the Jesuits in 1938 and became a priest in 1951. He was arrested together with Bishop Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei of Shanghai and other priests in 1955. He was convicted of counter-revolutionary activities and sentenced to 20 years in jail in 1958 and sent to a work camp in Qinghai Province. After his release in 1978, he taught at a high school in Qinghai. The Bishop of Qinghai ordained him Coadjutor Bishop of Shanghai on 27 February 1985, while the Bishop was in jail. Security police arrested him again on numerous occasions, and ransacked his flat. In 1992, the accounts of the entire Shanghai underground church were closed down, along with many of the Bishop's personal accounts, including the bishopric. Formally, Cardinal Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei was the leader of the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy See
The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome, which has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the Catholic Church and the sovereign city-state known as the Vatican City. According to Catholic tradition it was founded in the first century by Saints Peter and Paul and, by virtue of Petrine and papal primacy, is the focal point of full communion for Catholic Christians around the world. As a sovereign entity, the Holy See is headquartered in, operates from, and exercises "exclusive dominion" over the independent Vatican City State enclave in Rome, of which the pope is sovereign. The Holy See is administered by the Roman Curia (Latin for "Roman Court"), which is the central government of the Catholic Church. The Roman Curia includes various dicasteries, comparable to ministries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal In Pectore
''In pectore'' (Latin for "in the breast/heart") is a term used in the Catholic Church for an action, decision, or document which is meant to be kept secret. It is most often used when there is a papal appointment to the College of Cardinals without a public announcement of the name of that cardinal. The pope reserves that name to himself. The Italian language version of the phrase – ''in petto'' – is sometimes used. When the name of a new cardinal is announced or made public, it is sometimes said to be ''published''. Since the practice arose in the sixteenth century its use has varied greatly. Some popes have used it rarely or not at all, while others have used it regularly. In the first half of the 19th century, Pope Gregory XVI appointed half of his 75 cardinals ''in pectore'' and left several unidentified at his death. Background Since the fifteenth century, popes have made such appointments to manage complex relations among factions within the Church, when pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aloysius Jin Luxian
Aloysius Jin Luxian (; June 20, 1916 – April 27, 2013) was a Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai. Biography Bishop Aloysius Jin was born in Shanghai into a family that had been Catholic for generations. He was orphaned as a youth, losing his mother when he was 10 and his father when he was 14. He attended Catholic schools and in 1938, at the age of 22, he entered the Society of Jesus, subsequently being ordained in 1946. He studied in France, Germany and Italy, before returning to China in 1951. He was arrested with hundreds of priests and laity in the “September 8 Incident” in 1955, a major crackdown against the “counterrevolutionary clique” of Ignatius Kung Pin-mei of Shanghai. He was subsequently released from prison in 1982 and became the founding rector of the Sheshan Major Seminary, outside of Shanghai. Bishop Jin was ordained auxiliary bishop without Vatican approval in 1985, and became diocesan bishop of Shanghai in 1988 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valid But Illicit
Validity and liceity are concepts in the Catholic Church. Validity designates an action which produces the effects intended; an action which does not produces the effects intended is considered "invalid". Liceity designates an action which has been performed legitimately; an action which has not been performed legitimately is considered "illicit". Some actions can be illicit, but still be valid. Catholic canon law also lays down rules for ''licit'', also called ''lawful'', placing of the act, along with criteria to determine its validity or invalidity. Valid but illicit or valid but illegal ( la, valida sed illicita) is a description applied in the Catholic Church to describe either an unauthorized celebration of a sacrament or an improperly placed juridic act that nevertheless has effect. Validity is presumed whenever an act is performed by a qualified person and includes those things which essentially constitute the act itself as well as the formalities and requirements imposed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Jesus
, image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = , founding_location = , type = Order of clerics regular of pontifical right (for men) , headquarters = Generalate:Borgo S. Spirito 4, 00195 Roma-Prati, Italy , coords = , region_served = Worldwide , num_members = 14,839 members (includes 10,721 priests) as of 2020 , leader_title = Motto , leader_name = la, Ad Majorem Dei GloriamEnglish: ''For the Greater Glory of God'' , leader_title2 = Superior General , leader_name2 = Fr. Arturo Sosa, SJ , leader_title3 = Patron saints , leader_name3 = , leader_title4 = Ministry , leader_name4 = Missionary, educational, literary works , main_organ = La Civiltà Cattoli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aloysius Zhang Jiashu
Aloysius ( ) is a given name. Etymology It is a Latinisation of the names Alois, Louis, Lewis, Luis, Luigi, Ludwig, and other cognates (traditionally in Medieval Latin as ''Ludovicus'' or ''Chlodovechus''), ultimately from Frankish ''*Hlūdawīg'', from Proto-Germanic ''*Hlūdawīgą'' ("famous battle"). In the US, the name is rare, with fewer than 0.001% of babies receiving the name since the 1940s. Most of those were Roman Catholics. People Notable people with the name include: * Alois Alzheimer *Aloysius Ambrozic *Aloysius Bertrand * Aloysius Gonzaga (St Aloysius) * James Augustine Aloysius Joyce, Irish novelist and poet * Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger (born 1927), birth name of Pope Benedict XVI, who served as Pope from 2005 until 2013 *Aloysius Lilius 1510-1576 doctor, astronomer, philosopher and chronologist * Aloysius Schmitt *Aloysius Stepinac * Aloysius Szymanski, given name for Baseball Hall of Famer Al Simmons *Aloysius Pang, Singaporean actor * Chathurartha Devadithy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association
The Catholic Patriotic Association (), abbreviated CPA, is a state-sanctioned organization of Catholicism in the People's Republic of China. It was established in 1957 after a group of Chinese Catholics met in Beijing with officials from the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Religious Affairs Bureau. It is the main organizational body of Catholics in China officially recognized by the Chinese government. It is not recognized by the Vatican. The organization is overseen by the CCP's United Front Work Department (UFWD) following the State Administration for Religious Affairs' absorption into the UFWD in 2018. The CPA does not oversee Catholics in Macau and Hong Kong. History After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party sought for ways to bring religions in alignment with the communist cause. While all religions were seen as superstitious, Christianity had the added challenge of being foreign. Efforts were made by Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei
Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei (; 2 August 1901 – 12 March 2000) was the Catholic Bishop of Shanghai, China, from 1950 until his death in 2000. He spent 30 years in Chinese prisons for defying attempts by China's Communist government to control Catholics in the country through the government-approved Catholic Patriotic Association. At the time of his death he was the oldest member of the College of Cardinals. Biography On September 8, 1955, Kung, along with several hundred priests and Church leaders, was arrested and imprisoned. He was sentenced five years later to life imprisonment for counter-revolutionary activities. Kung was secretly named a Cardinal ''in pectore'' in the consistory of 1979 by Pope John Paul II. The formula ''in pectore'' is used when a pope names a cardinal without announcing it publicly in order to protect the safety of the cardinal and his congregation. After he was released in 1986, he was kept under house arrest until 1988. Kung learned he was a cardi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
