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Republic Of Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turkish people, Turks, while ethnic Kurds in Turkey, Kurds are the Minorities in Turkey, largest ethnic minority. Officially Secularism in Turkey, a secular state, Turkey has Islam in Turkey, a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya. First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to List of ancient peoples of Anatolia, various ancient peoples. The Hattians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İstiklal Marşı
"" (; ) is the national anthem of both the Republic of Turkey and the Northern Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It was officially adopted by the TBMM, Grand National Assembly on 12 March 1921—two-and-a-half years before the 29 October 1923 establishment of the nation—both as a motivational musical saga for the troops fighting in the Turkish War of Independence, and as an aspirational anthem for a Republic that was yet to be established. Penned by Mehmet Âkif Ersoy, and ultimately composed by Osman Zeki Üngör, the theme is one of affection for the Turkish Anatolia, homeland, freedom, and Religion in Turkey, faith, as well as praise for the virtues of hope, devotion, and sacrifice in the pursuit of liberty, all explored through visual, tactile, and kinesthetic imagery as these concepts relate to the Flag of Turkey, flag, the human spirit, and the soil of the homeland. The original manuscript by Ersoy carries the dedication – "To our Heroic Army", in reference t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Language
Bulgarian (; , ) is an Eastern South Slavic, Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. It is the language of the Bulgarians. Along with the closely related Macedonian language (collectively forming the East South Slavic languages), it is a member of the Balkan sprachbund and South Slavic languages, South Slavic dialect continuum of the Indo-European language family. The two languages have several characteristics that set them apart from all other Slavic languages, including the elimination of grammatical case, case declension, the development of a suffixed definite article, and the lack of a verb infinitive. They retain and have further developed the Proto-Slavic language, Proto-Slavic verb system (albeit analytically). One such major development is the innovation of evidentiality, evidential verb forms to encode for the source of information: witnessed, inferred, or reported. It is the official Languages of Bulgaria, language of Bulgar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadir Özkaya
Kadir Özkaya (born 12 August 1963) is the President of the Constitutional Court of Turkey. Biography He served as rapporteur of the Constitutional Court between 2005 and 2011 and as a member of the Council of State between 2011 and 2014. He was elected as a member of the Constitutional Court by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan among the three candidates nominated by the General Assembly of the Council of State on 18 December 2014, and took office on 22 December 2014. At the meeting held by the General Assembly of the Constitutional Court on 12 March 2020, he was elected as the deputy president and second section president of the Constitutional court and started his duty on 4 April 2020. He was elected as the president of the Constitutional Court on 21 March 2024. Özkaya began his duty on 20 April 2024. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Ozkaya, Kadir Living people 1963 births ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numan KurtulmuÅŸ
Numan Kurtulmuş (born 15 September 1959) is a Turkish politician and academic who is currently the speaker of the Grand National Assembly. He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey in the 62nd, 63rd, 64th and 65th AKP governments between 2014 and 2017 and Minister of Culture and Tourism between 2017 and 2018. Previously he served as the leader of Felicity Party between 2008 and 2010 and People's Voice Party between 2010 and 2012. Personal life Family Kurtulmuş was born in Ünye district of Ordu Province. He is of Georgian descent by his grandmother. His grandfather Numan Kurtulmuş who served as a major in the Turkish War of Independence on the Çanakkale, Erzurum, Batumi and Azerbaijan fronts and fought in the Balkans and the Battle of Sakarya then later has injured and retired as a veteran. He is also the author of Faith Commentary, known as the first Turkish religious guide which written by the Latin alphabet. His father is Dr. Ismail Niyazi Kurtulmuş. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speaker Of The Grand National Assembly
This article lists the speakers of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The name of the parliament of Turkey, originally and currently the Grand National Assembly of Turkey () since its establishment on 23 April 1920, has for short periods been changed. A Senate of the Republic (Turkey), Senate also existed besides the National Assembly between 1960 and 1980. List of speakers Temporary speakers When a new session of the Grand National Assembly meets, the oldest parliament member temporarily acts as the speaker until a new speaker is elected. See also * Senate of the Republic (Turkey), Senate of the Republic * List of chairmen of the Senate of Turkey References Grand National Assembly of Turkey official website {{Speakers of the Parliament of Turkey Lists of legislative speakers, Turkey Speakers of the Parliament of Turkey, Lists of political office-holders in Turkey, Speakers of Parliament ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cevdet Yılmaz
Cevdet Yılmaz (born 1 April 1967) is a Turkish politician who has been the 2nd and current vice president of Turkey since 2023. Previously, he served as a Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey in the interim election government formed by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu from 28 August to 17 November 2015. He previously served as the Minister of Development from 2011 to 2015 and again from 2015 to 2016. Early life and career Cevdet Yılmaz was born on 1 April 1967 in Şabanköy, Bingöl to a Zaza family. After completing high school in Bingöl in 1983, Yılmaz graduated from the Middle East Technical University's Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Public Administration with high honors in 1988. In 1989, he started working at the State Planning Organization (). Yılmaz went to the United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a feder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice President Of Turkey
The vice president of Turkey, officially the vice president of the Republic of Türkiye (), is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the government of Turkey, after the president. The vice president is also a statutory member of the Cabinet, National Security Council and Supreme Military Council. Cevdet Yılmaz has been the second and current vice president of Turkey since his appointment to office on 4 June 2023. Origin The office of vice president was created with a referendum on constitutional amendments on 16 April 2017 and entered into force after the presidential election in 2018, when the new president took office on 9 July 2018. Following this referendum Turkey changed from a parliamentary republic to a presidential republic. Fuat Oktay was appointed as the first vice president by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Constitutional conditions The constitution of Turkey stipulates the following conditions about the vice-presidency: * The Presi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan
Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as the 25th prime minister of Turkey, prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP), which he co-founded in 2001. He also served as mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. Coming from an Islamist background and promoting socially conservative policies, Turkey has experienced increasing authoritarianism, democratic backsliding and suppression of dissent under ErdoÄŸan's rule. ErdoÄŸan was born in BeyoÄŸlu, Istanbul, and studied at the Marmara University, Aksaray Academy of Economic and Commercial Sciences, before working as a consultant and senior manager in the private sector. Becoming active in local politics, he was elected Welfare Party's BeyoÄŸlu district chair in 1984 and Istanbul chair in 1985. Following the 1994 Istanbul mayoral election, 1994 lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Turkey
The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye (), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the national government and is the commander-in-chief of the Turkish military. The president also heads the National Security Council. The office of the president of Turkey was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Türkiye on 29 October 1923, with the first president and founder being Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Traditionally, the presidency was mostly a ceremonial position, with real executive authority being exercised by the prime minister of Turkey. However, constitutional amendments approved in the 2017 constitutional referendum abolished the office of prime minister, and vested the presidency with full executive powers, effective upon the 2018 general election. The president is directly elected by eligible Turkish voters for a five-year term. The president of Turkey is referr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential Republic
A presidential, strong-president, or single-executive system (sometimes also congressional system) is a form of government in which a head of government (usually titled " president") heads an executive branch that derives its authority and legitimacy from a source that is separate from the legislative branch. The system was popularized by its inclusion in the Constitution of the United States. This head of government is often also the head of state. In a presidential system, the head of government is directly or indirectly elected by a group of citizens and is not responsible to the legislature, and the legislature cannot dismiss the president except in extraordinary cases. A presidential system contrasts with a parliamentary system, where the head of government (usually called a prime minister) derives their power from the confidence of an elected legislature, which can dismiss the prime minister with a simple majority. Not all presidential systems use the title of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Groups In Turkey
Demography, Demographic features of the population of Turkey include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. the population of Turkey was 85.7 million with an annual growth rate of 0.34%. However, this official population number excludes the registered Syrian refugees in Turkey, Syrian refugees under temporary protection status which have a population of about 2.9 million as of 2025. Turkish people, Turks are the largest ethnic group, comprising 70–75% of the population while Kurds in Turkey, Kurds are the second largest with 19%. The others, including Armenians in Turkey, Armenians, Arabs in Turkey, Arabs, Assyrians in Turkey, Assyrians, Albanians in Turkey, Albanians, Bosniaks in Turkey, Bosniaks, Circassians in Turkey, Circassians, Chechens in Turkey, Chechens, Georgians in Turkey, Georgians, Pomaks, Romani people in Turkey, Romani, Laz people make 6–11% of the pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
