|
Relational Aggression
Relational aggression, alternative aggression, or relational bullying is a type of aggression in which harm is caused by damaging someone's relationships or social status.McGrath, Mary Zabolio (2006). ''School Bullying: Tools for Avoiding Harm and Liability''. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press. p. 21. . Retrieved 2008-09-04. Marion K. Underwood (2003). ''Social Aggression among Girls (Guilford Series On Social And Emotional Development) ''. New York: The Guilford Press. . Retrieved 2008-09-04 Although it can be used in many contexts and among different age groups, relational aggression among adolescents in particular, has received a lot of attention. The attention relational aggression has received has been augmented by the help of popular media, including movies like '' Mean Girls'' and books like ''Odd Girl Out'' by Rachel Simmons (2002), '' Nesthäkchen and the World War'' by Else Ury (1916), and '' Queen Bees and Wannabes'' by R. Wiseman (2003). Relational aggression c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aggression
Aggression is behavior aimed at opposing or attacking something or someone. Though often done with the intent to cause harm, some might channel it into creative and practical outlets. It may occur either reactively or without provocation. In humans, aggression can be caused by various triggers. For example, built-up frustration due to blocked goals or perceived disrespect. Human aggression can be classified into direct and indirect aggression; while the former is characterized by physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm to someone, the latter is characterized by behavior intended to harm the social relations of an individual or group. In definitions commonly used in the social sciences and behavioral sciences, aggression is an action or response by an individual that delivers something unpleasant to another person. Some definitions include that the individual must intend to harm another person. In an interdisciplinary perspective, aggression is regarded as "an ensem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verbal Abuse
Verbal abuse (also known as verbal aggression, verbal attack, verbal violence, verbal assault, psychic aggression, or psychic violence) is a type of Psychological abuse, psychological/mental abuse that involves the use of Oral language, oral or written language directed to a victim. Verbal abuse can include the act of harassing, Labelling, labeling, insulting, scolding, rebuking, or excessive yelling towards an individual. It can also include the use of Pejorative, derogatory terms, the delivery of statements intended to frighten, Humiliation, humiliate, denigrate, or belittle a person. These kinds of attacks may result in Mental distress, mental and/or emotional distress for the victim. Verbal aggression and abuse affects all populations, cultures, and individuals. These actions are psychologically damaging and are considered forms of emotional and physical harm to the victim. This type of behavior leaves individuals Self-esteem, feeling poorly about themselves and can lead to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unpopularity
Unpopularity is the opposite of popularity. Therefore, it is the quality of lacking acceptance or approval by one's peers or society as a whole. Early development The importance of peer relations in an adolescent's normal psychosocial development has been well-researched. The impact of peers is hardly surprising, given that high school students spend the majority of their days with peers rather than with adults, both during and outside of class.Brown, B. (1990). Peer groups. In S. Feldman & G. Elliott (Eds.), ''At the threshold: The developing adolescent'' (pp. 171–196). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. More importantly, peer groups provide contexts separate from the home for experimentation. This makes peers particularly crucial in the development of a sense of identityBrown, B., Clasen, D., & Eicher, S. (1986). Perceptions of peer pressure, peer conformity dispositions, and self-reported behavior among adolescents.'' Developmental Psychology'' 22, 521-530. and a capa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popularity
In sociology, popularity is how much a person, idea, place, item or other concept is either liked or accorded status by other people. Liking can be due to reciprocal liking, interpersonal attraction, and similar factors. Social status can be due to Dominance (ethology), dominance, superiority, and similar factors. For example, a kind person may be considered likable and therefore more popular than another person, and a wealthy person may be considered superior (hierarchy), superior and therefore more popular than another person. There are two primary types of interpersonal popularity: perceived and sociometric. Perceived popularity is measured by asking people who the most popular or socially important people in their social group are. Sociometric popularity is measured by objectively measuring the number of connections a person has to others in the group. A person can have high perceived popularity without having high sociometric popularity, and ''vice versa''. According to p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sociometric Status
Sociometric status is a measurement that reflects the degree to which someone is liked or disliked by their peers as a group. While there are some studies that have looked at sociometric status among adults, the measure is primarily used with children and adolescents to make inferences about peer relations and social competence. Developmental psychology In developmental psychology, this system has been used to examine children's status in peer groups, its stability over time, the characteristics that determine it, and the long-term implications of one's popularity or rejection by peers. The methodology Generally, sociometric status is assessed through asking peers to rate an individual's status in the peer group. Two of the most widely used methods that are used for this are peer nomination and peer ratings.Terry, R., & Coie, J. D. (1991). A comparison of methods for defining sociometric status among children. ''Developmental Psychology'', ''27''(5), 867–880. Jiang, X. L., & C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyber-bullying
Cyberbullying (cyberharassment or online bullying) is a form of bullying or harassment using Electronic communication network, electronic means. Since the 2000s, it has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and Adolescence, adolescents, due to young people's increased use of social media. Related issues include online harassment and Internet troll, trolling. In 2015, according to cyberbullying statistics from the i–Safe Foundation, over half of adolescents and teens had been bullied online, and about the same number had engaged in cyberbullying. Both the bully and the victim are negatively affected, and the intensity, duration, and frequency of bullying are three aspects that increase the negative effects on both of them. Tactics Harmful bullying behavior can include posting rumors, threats, sexual harassment, sexual remarks, a Doxing, victim's personal information, or hate speech. Bullying or harassment can be identified by repeated behavior and an inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coercion
Coercion involves compelling a party to act in an involuntary manner through the use of threats, including threats to use force against that party. It involves a set of forceful actions which violate the free will of an individual in order to induce a desired response. These actions may include extortion, blackmail, or even torture and sexual assault. Common-law systems codify the act of violating a law while under coercion as a duress crime. Coercion used as leverage may force victims to act in a way contrary to their own interests. Coercion can involve not only the infliction of bodily harm, but also psychological abuse (the latter intended to enhance the perceived credibility of the threat). The threat of further harm may also lead to the acquiescence of the person being coerced. The concepts of coercion and persuasion are similar, but various factors distinguish the two. These include the intent, the willingness to cause harm, the result of the interaction, and the opti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychological Manipulation
In psychology, manipulation is defined as an action designed to influence or control another person, usually in an underhanded or subtle manner which facilitates one's personal aims. Methods someone may use to manipulate another person may include seduction, suggestion, coercion, and blackmail. Manipulation is generally considered a dishonest form of social influence as it is used at the expense of others. Humans are inherently capable of manipulative and deceptive behavior, with the main differences being that of specific personality characteristics or disorders. Etymology By 1730, the word ''manipulation'' was used to refer to a method of digging ore. The term derives from the French manipulation, which in turn comes from manipule, meaning "handful", a unit of measure used by pharmacists, later having a sense by 1828 of handling or managing people for one's own purposes. The word ''manipulate'' originated in 1827 as a back-formation from manipulation, initially meaning "to handl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humiliating
Humiliation is the abasement of pride, which creates mortification or leads to a state of being humbled or reduced to lowliness or submission. It is an emotion felt by a person whose social status, either by force or willingly, has just decreased. It can be brought about through intimidation, physical or mental mistreatment or trickery, or by embarrassment if a person is revealed to have committed a socially or legally unacceptable act. Whereas humility can be sought alone as a means to de-emphasize the ego, humiliation must involve other person(s), though not necessarily directly or willingly. Humiliation is currently an active research topic, and is now seen as an important – and complex – core dynamic in human relationships, having implications at intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional and international levels.Lindner, Evelin, Making Enemies: Humiliation and International Conflict. London, England: Praeger Security International, 2006. Psychological effects A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gossip
Gossip is idle talk or rumor, especially about the personal or private affairs of others; the act is also known as dishing or tattling. Etymology The word is from Old English ''godsibb'', from ''god (word), god'' and ''sibb'', the term for the godparents of one's child or the parents of one's godchild, generally very close friends. In the 16th century, the word assumed the meaning of a person, mostly a woman, one who delights in idle talk, a newsmonger, a tattler. In the early 19th century, the term was extended from the talker to the conversation of such persons. The verb ''to gossip'', meaning "to be a gossip", first appears in Shakespeare. The term originates from the bedroom at the time of childbirth. Giving birth used to be a social event exclusively attended by women. The pregnant woman's female relatives and neighbours would congregate and idly converse. Over time, gossip came to mean talk of others. Functions Gossip can: * reinforceor punish the lack ofmorality and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurence Steinberg
Laurence Steinberg (born 1952) is an American professor of psychology, specializing in adolescent psychological development. Career Steinberg attended Johns Hopkins University from 1970 to 1971, then was educated at Vassar College, where he graduated in 1974 with honors. In 1977 he received his Ph.D. in developmental psychology from Cornell University. From 1977 to 1983 he was an assistant and associate professor at University of California, Irvine and from 1983 to 1989 he was a professor at University of Wisconsin–Madison. From 1988 he has been associated with Temple University in Philadelphia. Steinberg is a Distinguished University Professor in the College of Liberal Arts and the Laura H. Carnell Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Temple University. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Additionally, he has been a faculty scholar of the William T. Grant Fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychopathy In The Workplace
While psychopathy, psychopaths typically represent a very small percentage of workplace staff, the presence of psychopathy in the workplace, especially within senior management, can do enormous damage. Indeed, psychopaths are usually most present at higher levels of corporate structure, and their actions often cause a ripple effect throughout an organization, setting the tone for an entire corporate culture. Examples of detrimental effects include increased Workplace bullying, bullying, workplace conflict, conflict, Occupational stress, stress, staff turnover, absenteeism, and reduction in both productivity and Corporate social responsibility, social responsibility.. Business ethics, Ethical standards of entire organisations can be badly damaged if a corporate psychopath is in charge. A 2017 UK study found that companies with leaders who show "psychopathic characteristics" destroy shareholder value, tending to have poor future returns on equity. Academics refer to psychopathic ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
