Ra'ad Sa'ad
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Ra'ad Sa'ad
Raʿad Saʿad () is a senior commander in the Al‑Qassam Brigades, Hamas’s military wing. He helds the position of Head of Operations Division, overseeing critical military infrastructure, including rocket production, tunnel networks, and hidden command posts in Gaza. Militant career Raʿad Saʿad is known primarily for his leadership role in Hamas’s military wing, he oversaw crucial aspects such as weapons manufacturing and tunnel operations. He frequently served as a key operational planner in southern and Gaza City divisions. Widely identified as No. 4 in the Hamas military hierarchy following Mohammad Deif, Marwan Issa, and Yahya Sinwar. He is identified as the Four of Hearts in the Hamas most wanted playing cards. Alleged death On June 22 2024, Israeli Air force executed a major airstrike on Gaza City’s Al‑Shati refugee camp, specifically targeting Saʿad. No immediate confirmation of his status emerged, although multiple reports suggested he was likely ki ...
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Hamas
The Islamic Resistance Movement, abbreviated Hamas (the Arabic acronym from ), is a Palestinian nationalist Sunni Islam, Sunni Islamism, Islamist political organisation with a military wing, the Qassam Brigades. It has Gaza Strip under Hamas, governed the Israeli-occupied territories, Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip since 2007. The Hamas movement was founded by Palestinian Islamic scholar Ahmed Yassin in 1987, after the outbreak of the First Intifada against the Israeli occupied territories, Israeli occupation. It emerged from his 1973 Mujama al-Islamiya Islamic charity affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood. In the 2006 2006 Palestinian legislative election, Palestinian legislative election, Hamas secured a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council by campaigning on promises of a corruption-free government and advocating for resistance as a means to liberate Palestine from Israeli occupation. In the Battle of Gaza (2007), Battle of Gaza, Hamas seized control of the Gaza S ...
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Izz Ad-Din Al-Qassam Brigades
Al-Qassam Brigades, also known as the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades (EQB; ), are the military wing of the Palestinian nationalist Sunni Islamist organization Hamas. Led by Mohammed Deif until his death on 13 July 2024, Al-Qassam Brigades are the largest and best-equipped militia operating within the Gaza Strip in recent years. Created in mid-1991, they were at the time concerned with blocking the Oslo Accords negotiations. From 1994 to 2000, Al-Qassam Brigades have claimed responsibility for carrying out a number of attacks against Israelis. At the beginning of the Second Intifada, the group became a central target of Israel. Al-Qassam Brigades operated several cells in the West Bank. Hamas retained a forceful presence in the Gaza Strip, generally considered its stronghold. Yahya Sinwar, Hamas political leader in the Gaza Strip from February 2017 to October 2024, was the main military leader in the Brigades in Gaza during the Gaza war. After his killing, Sinwar was succ ...
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Gaza War
The Gaza war is an armed conflict in the Gaza Strip and southern Israel fought since 7 October 2023. A part of the unresolved Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Israeli–Palestinian and Gaza–Israel conflict, Gaza–Israel conflicts dating back to the 20th century, it follows the wars of Gaza War (2008–2009), 2008–2009, 2012 Gaza War, 2012, 2014 Gaza War, 2014, and 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, 2021. The war has resulted in the deaths of more than one thousand Israelis and tens of thousands of Palestinians, along with widespread destruction and a Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present), humanitarian crisis in Gaza. A growing number of human rights organizations and experts—such as lawyers and academics genocide studies, studying genocide and international law—say that Gaza genocide, a genocide is occurring in Gaza, though this is debated. Meanwhile, the surrounding region has seen Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present), heightened instability and fighting. The fi ...
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2023 Israeli Invasion Of The Gaza Strip
The Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip is a major part of the Gaza war. Starting on 7 October 2023, immediately after the Hamas-led attack on Israel, Israel began bombing the Gaza Strip. On 13 October, Israel began ground operations in Gaza, and on 27 October, a full-scale invasion was launched. Israel's campaign has four stated goals: to destroy Hamas, to free the hostages, to ensure Gaza no longer poses a threat to Israel, and to return displaced residents of Northern Israel. * * More than a year after the invasion, fighting in the Gaza Strip halted with the implementation of a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas on 19 January 2025. By April 2025, the Gaza Ministry of Health had reported that at least 50,500 people in the Gaza Strip had died—1 out of every 44 people—averaging 93 deaths per day. Most of the victims are civilians, of whom at least 50% are women and children. Compared to other recent global conflicts, the numbers of known deaths of journalists, human ...
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Mohammed Deif
Mohammed Diab Ibrahim al-Masri (; 12 August 1965 – 13 July 2024), better known as Mohammed Deif (), was a Palestinian militant who served as the sixth commander of the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades. He succeeded Salah Shehade following the latter's assassination in an Israeli airstrike in July 2002, until his assassination in July 2024. He was succeeded by Mohammed Sinwar, the younger brother of Yahya Sinwar. He was a central figure in the Gaza war and one of the masterminds of the October 7 attacks, alongside Yahya Sinwar. Deif was born in 1965 in the Khan Yunis Refugee Camp in the Gaza Strip, to a family that had fled or been expelled during the 1948 Palestine war. He reportedly left school temporarily to support his low-income family, later graduating with a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the Islamic University of Gaza in 1988, where he had established a theater group. Deif joined Hamas in 1987, weeks after it was established during the First Intifada again ...
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Marwan Issa
Marwan Abdel Karim Ali Issa (; 1965 – 10 March 2024) was a Palestinian militant who was the deputy commander of Hamas' military wing, Al-Qassam Brigades. Issa was born in the Bureij refugee camp in the Gaza Strip in 1965. He was educated at the Islamic University of Gaza, and played basketball for Al-Bureij Services Club. He was arrested in 1987 during the First intifada for his involvement with Hamas. He was detained by the Palestinian Authority from 1997 to 2000, and released after the outbreak of the Second Intifada. He became the head of the Qassam Brigades in the refugee camps in the central Gaza Strip and played a central role in the development of its military systems. He reported to Mohammed Deif. He was placed on the terror watchlist of the United States in 2019 and the European Union in 2023. Issa was said to have had a major role in planning the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel. On 17 March 2024, he was killed in an Israeli airstrike in Nuseirat during the G ...
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Yahya Sinwar
Yahya Ibrahim Hassan Sinwar (; 29 October 1962 – 16 October 2024) was a Palestinian militant and politician who served as chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau from August 2024, and as the leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip from February 2017, succeeding Ismail Haniyeh in both roles. He was killed in a clash with the IDF in October 2024. Sinwar was born in the Khan Yunis refugee camp in Egyptian-occupied Gaza in 1962 to a family who had been expelled or fled from Majdal 'Asqalan during the 1948 Palestine War. He finished his studies at the Islamic University of Gaza, where he received a bachelor's degree in Arabic studies. In 1989, Sinwar was sentenced to four life sentences in Israel for orchestrating the abduction and killing of two Israeli soldiers and four Palestinians he considered to be collaborators. He spent 22 years in prison until his release among 1,026 others in a 2011 prisoner exchange for Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit. During his time in prison, Sinwar ...
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Hamas Most Wanted Playing Cards
The Hamas most wanted cards are decks of playing cards featuring pictures of Hamas members wanted by Israel. The decks were produced by independent volunteers and were handed out to Israel Defense Forces soldiers during the early stages of the Gaza war. Unofficial IDF deck As part of the Gaza war, an unofficial card deck of 54 wanted individuals was distributed to Israeli soldiers. The idea for the deck was inspired by the most-wanted Iraqi playing cards created by the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency for identifying the top wanted members of Saddam Hussein's government during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The history of making such cards dates back to the American Civil War. More than 10,000 decks of the cards were distributed to Israeli soldiers to help the soldiers identify top Hamas targets and to unsettle Hamas officials. The hierarchy of various Hamas officials has been mixed around in the deck in order to attempt to embarrass more higher-ranking officials. 35 individua ...
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Al-Shati Refugee Camp
Al-Shati (), also known as Shati or Beach camp, is a Palestinian refugee camp located in the northern Gaza Strip along the Mediterranean Sea coastline in the Gaza Governorate, and more specifically Gaza City. Al-Shati was established in 1948 for about 23,000 Palestinians who fled or were expelled from the cities of Jaffa, Lod, and Beersheba as well as surrounding villages during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The camp's total land area consists of 520 dunums.Beach Camp
(UNRWA)
According to the



The Jewish Chronicle
''The Jewish Chronicle'' (''The JC'') is a London-based Jewish weekly newspaper. Founded in 1841, it is the oldest continuously published Jewish newspaper in the world. Its editor () is Daniel Schwammenthal. The newspaper is published every Friday (except when this is a Jewish holidays, Jewish holiday, when it appears earlier in the week) providing news, opinion pieces, social, cultural and sports reports, as well as editorials and a spectrum of readers' opinions on the letter page. The news section of its website is updated several times a day. The average weekly circulation in 2024 was 10,082, of which 4,442 were free copies, down from 32,875 in 2008. In February 2020, it announced plans to merge with the ''Jewish News'' but, in April 2020, entered voluntary liquidation and was acquired from the liquidators by a private consortium of political insiders, broadcasters and bankers. The paper's political stance under editor Jake Wallis Simons subsequently moved to the right. In 2 ...
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Times Of Israel
''The Times of Israel'' (ToI) is an Israeli multi-language online newspaper that was launched in 2012 and has since become the largest English-language Jewish and Israeli news source by audience size. It was co-founded by Israeli journalist David Horovitz, who is also the founding editor, and American billionaire investor Seth Klarman.Forbes: The World's Billionaires: Seth Klarman
. April 2014.
Based in , it "documents developments in Israel, the Middle East and around the Jewish world." Along with its original English site, ...
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October 7 Attacks
On October 7, 2023, Hamas and several other Palestinian militant groups launched coordinated armed incursions from the Gaza Strip into the Gaza envelope of southern Israel, the first invasion of Israeli territory since the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The attacks, launched on the Jewish holiday Simchat Torah, initiated the ongoing Gaza war. The attacks began with a List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2023, barrage of at least 4,300 rockets launched into Israel and vehicle-transported and powered paraglider incursions into Israel. Hamas militants breached the Gaza–Israel barrier, attacking military bases and massacring civilians in 21 communities, including Be'eri massacre, Be'eri, Kfar Aza massacre, Kfar Aza, Nir Oz massacre, Nir Oz, Netiv HaAsara massacre, Netiv Haasara, and Alumim massacre, Alumim. According to an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) report that revised the estimate on the number of attackers, 6,000 Gazans breached the border in 119 locations into Israel, i ...
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