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Pumping Lemma For Context-free Languages
Pumping may refer to: * The operation of a pump, for moving a liquid from one location to another **The use of a breast pump for extraction of milk * Pumping (audio), a creative misuse of dynamic range compression * Pumping (computer systems), the number of times data is transmitted per clock cycle * Pumping (oil well), injecting chemicals into a wellbore * Pumping (noise reduction), an unwanted artifact of some noise reduction systems * Pumping lemma, in the theory of formal languages * Gastric lavage, cleaning the contents of the stomach * Optical pumping, in which light is used to raise electrons from a lower energy level to a higher one * Pump (skateboarding) {{single source, date=February 2019 Pumping is a skateboarding technique used to accelerate without the rider's feet leaving the board. Pumping can be done by turning or on a transition, like a ramp or quarter pipe.https://skateboarding.transwor ..., accelerating without pushing off of the ground * "Pumping" (My Heart) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pump
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: ''direct lift'', ''displacement'', and ''gravity'' pumps. Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers and other components of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. In the medical industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial heart and penile prosthesis. When a casing contains only one revolving impeller, it is called a single-stage pump. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breast Pump
A breast pump is a mechanical device that Lactation, lactating women use to milking, extract milk from their breasts. They may be manual devices powered by hand or foot movements or automatic devices powered by electricity. History On June 20, 1854, the United States Patent Office issued Patent No. 11,135 to O.H. Needham for a breast pump. ''Scientific American'' (1863) credits L.O. Colbin as the inventor and patent applicant of a breast pump. In 1921–23, engineer and chess master Edward Lasker produced a mechanical breast pump that imitated an infant's sucking action and was regarded by physicians as a marked improvement on existing hand-operated breast pumps, which failed to remove all the milk from the breast. The U.S. Patent Office issued for Lasker's breast pump. In 1956 Einar Egnell published his groundbreaking work, "Viewpoints on what happens mechanically in the female breast during various methods of milk collection". This article provided insight into the technic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pumping (audio)
In audio, recording, and music, pumping or gain pumping is a creative misuse of compression, the "audible unnatural level changes associated primarily with the release of a compressor." There is no ''correct'' way to produce pumping, and according to Alex Case, the effect may result from selecting "too slow or too fast...or too, um, medium" attack and release settings.Case, Alex (2007). ''Sound FX'', p.160. Focal Press. Cited in Hodgson (2010), p.81. The technique is common in rock and electronic dance music. A celebrated example is Phil Selway's (Radiohead) drum track on " Exit Music (For a Film)", and clear examples include the electro percussion loop in Radiohead's " Idioteque", Benny Benassi's "Finger Food", and the ride cymbals on Portishead's "Pedestal". Side-chain pumping is a more advanced technique using a compressor's ''side-chain'' feature which, "uses the amplitude envelope (dynamics profile) of one track as a trigger for a compressor used in another track." When ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pumping (computer Systems)
Pumping, when referring to computer systems, is an informal term for transmitting a data signal more than one time per clock signal. Overview Early types of system memory (RAM), such as SDRAM, transmitted data on only the rising edge of the clock signal. With the advent of ''double data rate synchronous dynamic RAM'' or DDR SDRAM, the data was transmitted on both rising and falling edges. However, quad-pumping has been used for a while for the front-side bus (FSB) of a computer system. This works by transmitting data at the rising edge, peak, falling edge, and trough of each clock cycle. Intel computer systems (and others) use this technology to reach effective FSB speeds of 1600 MT/s (million transfers per second), even though the FSB clock speed is only 400 MHz (cycles per second). A phase-locked loop in the CPU then multiplies the FSB clock by a factor in order to get the CPU speed. Example: A Core 2 Duo E6600 processor is listed as 2.4 GHz with a 1066&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pumping (oil Well)
In the context of oil wells, pumping is a routine operation involving injecting fluids into the well. Pumping may either be done by rigging up to the kill wing valve on the Xmas tree or, if an intervention rig up is present pumping into the riser through a T-piece (a small section of riser with a connection on the side). Pumping is most routinely done to protect the well against scale and hydrates through the pumping of scale inhibitors and methanol. Pumping of kill weight brine may be done for the purposes of well kills and more exotic chemicals may be pumped from surface for cleaning the lower completion or stimulating the reservoir (though these types are jobs are more frequently done with coiled tubing In the oil and gas industries, coiled tubing refers to a very long metal pipe, normally in diameter which is supplied spooled on a large reel. It is used for interventions in oil and gas wells and sometimes as production tubing in depleted ... for extra precision). I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pumping (noise Reduction)
Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal. Noise reduction techniques exist for audio and images. Noise reduction algorithms may distort the signal to some degree. Noise rejection is the ability of a circuit to isolate an undesired signal component from the desired signal component, as with common-mode rejection ratio. All signal processing devices, both analog and digital, have traits that make them susceptible to noise. Noise can be random with an even frequency distribution (white noise), or frequency-dependent noise introduced by a device's mechanism or signal processing algorithms. In electronic systems, a major type of noise is ''hiss'' created by random electron motion due to thermal agitation. These agitated electrons rapidly add and subtract from the output signal and thus create detectable noise. In the case of photographic film and magnetic tape, noise (both visible and audible) is introduced due to the grain structure of the medium. In photog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pumping Lemma
In the theory of formal language In logic, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language consists of words whose letters are taken from an alphabet and are well-formed according to a specific set of rules. The alphabet of a formal language consists of sym ...s, the pumping lemma may refer to: * Pumping lemma for regular languages, the fact that all sufficiently long strings in such a language have a substring that can be repeated arbitrarily many times, usually used to prove that certain languages are not regular * Pumping lemma for context-free languages, the fact that all sufficiently long strings in such a language have a pair of substrings that can be repeated arbitrarily many times, usually used to prove that certain languages are not context-free * Pumping lemma for indexed languages * Pumping lemma for regular tree languages See also * Ogden's lemma, a stronger version of the pumping lemma for context-free languages {{sia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastric Lavage
Gastric lavage, also commonly called stomach pumping or gastric irrigation, is the process of cleaning out the contents of the stomach. Since its first recorded use in early 19th century, it has become one of the most routine means of eliminating poisons from the stomach. Such devices are normally used on a person who has ingested a poison or overdosed on a drug such as ethanol. They may also be used before surgery, to clear the contents of the digestive tract before it is opened. Apart from toxicology, gastric lavage (or nasogastric lavage) is sometimes used to confirm levels of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. It may play a role in the evaluation of hematemesis. It can also be used as a cooling technique for hyperthermic patients. Technique Gastric lavage involves the passage of a tube (such as an ''Ewald tube'') via the mouth or nose down into the stomach followed by sequential administration and removal of small volumes of liquid. The placement of the tube ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Optical Pumping
Optical pumping is a process in which light is used to raise (or "pump") electrons from a lower energy level in an atom or molecule to a higher one. It is commonly used in laser construction to pump the active laser medium so as to achieve population inversion. The technique was developed by the 1966 Nobel Prize winner Alfred Kastler in the early 1950s. Page 56. Optical pumping is also used to cyclically pump electrons bound within an atom or molecule to a well-defined quantum state. For the simplest case of coherent two-level optical pumping of an atomic species containing a single outer-shell electron, this means that the electron is coherently pumped to a single hyperfine sublevel (labeled m_F\!), which is defined by the polarization of the pump laser along with the quantum selection rules. Upon optical pumping, the atom is said to be ''oriented'' in a specific m_F\! sublevel, however, due to the cyclic nature of optical pumping, the bound electron will actually be unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pump (skateboarding)
{{single source, date=February 2019 Pumping is a skateboarding technique used to accelerate without the rider's feet leaving the board. Pumping can be done by turning or on a transition, like a ramp or quarter pipe.https://skateboarding.transworld.net/how-to/basics-ollies/pumping/ When applied to longboards, it is also known as Long distance skateboard pumping or LDP. Pumping is a technique similar to pumping a surfboard. Transition Transition pumping can only be done when there is a slope differential between the front and rear wheels. On a ramp it therefore is only possible at the top and bottom of the slope, but in a pipe it is possible at any height above the flat. The rider should push downward on the truck with the greatest slope under the wheels. On the top of a ramp the front wheels should be pushed, and at the bottom the rear trucks should be pushed. On a pipe the weight should be applied to the rear truck throughout the entire transition. Slalom Flatland pumping is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
