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Poultry Diseases
Poultry diseases occur in poultry, which are domesticated birds kept for their meat, eggs or feathers. Poultry species include the chicken, turkey, duck, goose and ostrich. Viral diseases * Avian infectious bronchitis, caused by a strain of Avian coronavirus previously known as infectious bronchitis virus * Avian infectious laryngotracheitis, caused by Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 * Avian influenza, caused by Avian influenza virus * Duck plague, caused by Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1 * Chicken infectious anemia, caused by Chicken anaemia virus * Epidemic tremor, caused by Tremovirus * Fowlpox, caused by viruses in the genus ''Avipoxvirus'' * Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known Gumboro disease, caused by Infectious bursal disease virus * Lymphoid leukosis caused by avian sarcoma leukosis virus * Marek's disease * Newcastle disease * Viral arthritis, caused by Avian reovirus Parasitic diseases * Scaly leg, caused by the mite ''Knemidocoptes mutans'' * Infestation by ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poultry
Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, and turkeys). The term also includes birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. The word "poultry" comes from the French/Norman word ''poule'', itself derived from the Latin word ''pullus'', which means "small animal". Recent genomic study involving the four extant Junglefowl species reveals that the domestication of chicken, the most populous poultry species, occurred around 8,000 years ago in Southeast Asia - although this was previously believed to have occurred later - around 5,400 years ago - in Southeast Asia. The process may have originally occurred as a result of people hatching and rearing young birds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fowlpox
Fowlpox is the worldwide disease of poultry caused by viruses of the family ''Poxviridae'' and the genus ''Avipoxvirus''. The viruses causing fowlpox are distinct from one another but antigenically similar, possible hosts including chickens, turkeys, quail, canaries, pigeons, and many other species of birds. There are two forms of the disease. The first is spread by biting insects (especially mosquitoes) and wound contamination and causes lesions on the comb, wattles, and beak. Birds affected by this form usually recover within a few weeks. It can also be transmitted via inhalation or ingestion of dust (or dander, representing virus-infected cells shed from cutaneous lesions), or aerosols, leading to the 'diphtheritic form' of the disease, with lesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and sometimes trachea. The second form is spread by inhalation of the virus and causes a diphtheritic membrane to form in the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and sometimes the trache ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knemidocoptes Mutans
''Knemidokoptes mutans'', also known as the scaly leg mite, is a species of mite Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods). Mites span two large orders of arachnids, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari, but genetic analysis does not show clear e .... It was described by Robin and Lanquentin in 1859. There are no listed subspecies. ''NZIB: New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity''. Gordon D. (ed), 2009-06-12 References Animals described in 1859 Sarcoptiformes Parasites of birds {{Sarcoptiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scaly Leg
Scaly foot, or knemidocoptiasis is a bird ailment that is common among caged birds and also affects many other bird species. It is caused by mites in the genus '' Knemidokoptes'' which burrow into the bird's flesh. The tunnels made by the mites within the skin cause dermatitis and scaly lesions. Scaly face is caused by the same mite responsible for scaly foot and other related mites cause depluming. The condition is transmitted from one bird to another by direct prolonged contact. Causes Scaly foot, otherwise known as knemidocoptiasis, is caused by burrowing mites in the genus '' Knemidokoptes''. The condition can be compared with sarcoptic mange in mammals, but does not seem to cause the same level of itching. The birds chiefly affected are galliformes (chickens and turkeys), passerines (finches, canaries, sparrows, robins, wrens), and psittacine birds (parrots, macaws, parakeets, budgerigars). The condition sometimes additionally affects piciformes (woodpeckers, toucans) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infestation Echidnophaga Gillinacea
Infestation is the state of being invaded or overrun by pests or parasites. It can also refer to the actual organisms living on or within a host. Terminology In general, the term "infestation" refers to parasitic diseases caused by animals such as arthropods (i.e. mites, ticks, and lice) and worms, but excluding (except) conditions caused by protozoa, fungi, bacteria, and viruses, which are called infections. External and internal Infestations can be classified as either external or internal with regards to the parasites' location in relation to the host. External or ectoparasitic infestation is a condition in which organisms live primarily on the surface of the host (though porocephaliasis can penetrate viscerally) and includes those involving mites, ticks, head lice and bed bugs. An internal (or endoparasitic) infestation is a condition in which organisms live within the host and includes those involving worms (though swimmer's itch stays near the surface). Medicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merck Veterinary Manual
The ''Merck Veterinary Manual'' is a reference manual of animal health care. It was first published by Merck & Co., Inc. in 1955. It contains concise, thorough information on the diagnosis and treatment of disease in a wide variety of species. The ''Manual'' is available as a book, published on a non-profit basis. Additionally, the full text can be accessed for free via the website, or downloaded in its entirety via an app. In January 2020, the website was redesigned with a more helpful search function without advertising. Interactive features on the website include quizzes, case studies, and clinical calculators. In addition, there are animal health news summaries and commentaries. History The ''Merck Veterinary Manual'' was first published in 1955. It was based on the '' Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy'', which was first published in 1899 as a reference for physicians. The first edition of the ''Veterinary Manual'' included contributions from over 200 authors, with 389 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avian Reovirus
Avian orthoreovirus, also known as avian reovirus, is an orthoreovirus from the Reoviridae family. Infection causes arthritis and tenosynovitis in poultry. It can also cause respiratory disease. Avian orthoreovirus infection is more common in young birds, because resistance begins to develop from as young as two weeks of age. It is also reportedly more common in broilers. Distribution of avian orthoreovirus is worldwide and it is present in most poultry flocks. It can be transmitted horizontally via the faeces or rarely, vertically. It is not a zoonosis. The most common symptom is lameness. There may also be swelling or bleeding around the joints. Gastrointestinal, respiratory and neurological signs have also been reported. Presumptive diagnoses may be made based on the observation of clinical signs. They can be confirmed using virus isolation, complement fixation, ELISA, immunodiffusion or histopathology (following postmortem exam). Description ''Avian reovirus'' belongs t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Arthritis (poultry)
Viral arthritis is an infectious disease in poultry, such as chickens and turkeys, caused by Avian reovirus. Arthritis and tenosynovitis are the main signs of Avian reovirus infection in chickens, although the virus can cause other signs. The prominent sign is swelling of the digital flexor and metatarsal extensor tendon A tendon or sinew is a tough, high-tensile-strength band of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. It is able to transmit the mechanical forces of muscle contraction to the skeletal system without sacrificing its ability ...s. The hock joint itself is not so sharply affected, showing just a small amount of synovial exsudate when opened. Vaccination is the primary method used to control this disease. References Poultry diseases Animal viral diseases {{vet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newcastle Disease
Virulent Newcastle disease (VND), formerly exotic Newcastle disease, is a contagious viral avian disease affecting many domestic and wild bird species; it is transmissible to humans. Though it can infect humans, most cases are non-symptomatic; rarely it can cause a mild fever and influenza-like symptoms and/or conjunctivitis in humans. Its effects are most notable in domestic poultry due to their high susceptibility and the potential for severe impacts of an epizootic on the poultry industries. It is endemic to many countries. No treatment for VND is known, but the use of prophylactic vaccines and sanitary measures reduces the likelihood of outbreaks. The disease is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avulavirus. Strains of Newcastle disease virus have been used to treat cancer in humans, since the virus appears to preferentially infect and kill cancerous cells. Strains of Newcastle disease virus have also been used to create viral vector vaccine candidates against Ebo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marek's Disease
Marek's disease is a highly contagious viral neoplastic disease in chickens. It is named after József Marek, a Hungarian veterinarian who described it in 1907. Marek's disease is caused by an alphaherpesvirus known as "Marek's disease virus" (MDV) or ''Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2'' (GaHV-2). The disease is characterized by the presence of T cell lymphoma as well as infiltration of nerves and organs by lymphocytes. Viruses related to MDV appear to be benign and can be used as vaccine strains to prevent Marek's disease. For example, the related herpesvirus found in turkeys (HVT), causes no apparent disease in the birds, and continues to be used as a vaccine strain for prevention of Marek's disease. Birds infected with GaHV-2 can be carriers and shedders of the virus for life. Newborn chicks are protected by maternal antibodies for a few weeks. After infection, microscopic lesions are present after one to two weeks, and gross lesions are present after three to four weeks. The vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avian Sarcoma Leukosis Virus
Avian sarcoma leukosis virus (ASLV) is an endogenous retrovirus that infects and can lead to cancer in chickens; experimentally it can infect other species of birds and mammals. ASLV replicates in chicken embryo fibroblasts, the cells that contribute to the formation of connective tissues. Different forms of the disease exist, including lymphoblastic, erythroblastic, and osteopetrotic. Avian sarcoma leukosis virus is characterized by a wide range of tumors, the most common of which are lymphomas. Lymphoid leukosis is the most common form of this disease and with typical presentation of gradual onset, persistent low mortality, and neoplasia of the bursa. The disease is also characterized by an enlarged liver due to infiltration of cancerous lymphoid cells. In addition, other abdominal organs and the bursa of Fabricius are often infected. Occurrence Lymphoid leukosis has a worldwide distribution, and is most commonly found in birds 16 weeks or older. History Sarcoma in chickens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lymphoid Leukosis
Lymphoid leucosis is a disease that affects chickens, caused by the retrovirus ''Avian leukosis virus''. It is a neoplastic disease caused by a virus, which may take the form of a tumor of the bursa of Fabricius and may metastasize to other tissues of the chicken and cause enlargement and swelling of the abdomen. Symptoms Symptoms include enlargement of abdomen, bursa, weight loss, weakness and emaciation, and depression. The disease is more likely to affect chicken around five to eight months of age who are more vulnerable. Green diarrhea Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin w ... tends to develops at the terminal stage. References Bird diseases Animal viral diseases Alpharetroviruses {{veterinary-med-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
