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Polish Presidential Election, 1922 (special)
Two indirect presidential elections were held in Poland in December 1922. In the first election on 9 December Gabriel Narutowicz was elected president, but he was assassinated five days later. A second election on 22 December was won by Stanisław Wojciechowski. First election After the independence of Poland, the head of state was Naczelnik Państwa Józef Piłsudski. In a new constitution adopted by the Polish Sejm, the new head of state was to be the President of Republic of Poland - to be choose by the National Assembly (combined Sejm and Senate). After the parliamentary election, planning began for the first Polish presidential election in history. The main probable candidate Józef Piłsudski, despite calls for him to contend, did not run for election. He proposed a former Prime Minister, Wincenty Witos, for presidency. Witos also refused. Finally Piłsudski supported the candidature of Minister of Foreign Affairs Gabriel Narutowicz. At the time of the election the mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Narutowicz
Gabriel Józef Narutowicz (; 29 March 1865 – 16 December 1922) was a Polish professor of hydroelectric engineering and politician who served as the first President of Poland from 11 December 1922 until his assassination on 16 December, five days after assuming office. He previously served as the Minister of Public Works from 1920 to 1922 and briefly as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1922. A renowned engineer and politically independent, Narutowicz was the first elected head of state following Poland's regained sovereignty from partitioning powers. Born into a noble family with the strong patriotic sentiment, Narutowicz studied at the University of St. Petersburg before relocating to Zurich Polytechnic and completing his studies in Switzerland. An engineer by profession, he was a pioneer of electrification and his works were presented at exhibitions across Western Europe. Narutowicz also directed the construction of the first European hydroelectric power plants in Monthey, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1922 Polish Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 5 November 1922, with Senate elections held a week later on 12 November. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1491 The elections were governed by the March Constitution of Poland, and saw the Christian Union of National Unity coalition emerge as the largest bloc in the Sejm with 163 of the 444 seats. The resulting coalitions were unstable, and the situation - difficult from the start, with assassination of Polish president Gabriel Narutowicz in December shortly after the elections - culminated in 1926 with the May Coup. Results Sejm Senate Ethnoreligious voting analysis According to Kopstein and Wittenberg, 39% of the majority Catholic population voted for right-wing parties, 29% for non-revolutionary left-wing parties and 25% for centrist parties. The other ethnoreligious groups, including Uniates, Jews and Orthodox Christians voted largely for parties representing minority grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Socialist Party
The Polish Socialist Party ( pl, Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) is a socialist political party in Poland. It was one of the most important parties in Poland from its inception in 1892 until its merger with the communist Polish Workers' Party to form the Polish United Workers' Party in 1948. Józef Piłsudski, founder of the Second Polish Republic, belonged to and later led the PPS in the early 20th century. The party was re-established in 1987, near the end of the Polish People's Republic. However, it remained in the margins of Polish politics until 2019, when it was able to win a seat in the Senate of Poland. History The PPS was founded in Paris in 1892 (see the Great Emigration). In 1893 the party called Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, (SDKPiL), emerged from the PPS, with the PPS being more nationalist and oriented towards Polish independence, and the SDKPiL being more revolutionary and communist. In November 1892 the leading personaliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–1931)
Polish People's Party "Piast" or Polish Peasant Party "Piast" ( pl, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe "Piast", ''PSL Piast'') was a political party from the interwar period of the Second Polish Republic (1913–1931). Piast refers to the medieval Piast dynasty, Poland's founding royal house. Political significance PSL Piast was an important political party in the Second Polish Republic. It was created in 1913 and after Poland regained independence in 1918, it formed a part of several governments, most notably after the Lanckorona Pact and in the Chjeno-Piast coalition. In 1931 it formed the People's Party. Its major politicians included Wincenty Witos, Jakub Bojko, Jan Dąbski, Maciej Rataj and Władysław Kiernik. Election Results Sejm See also *Polish People's Party References 1913 establishments in Poland 1931 disestablishments in Poland Agrarian parties in Poland Christian democratic parties in Europe Conservative parties in Poland Defunct political parties in Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular National Union
Związek Ludowo-Narodowy (ZLN; en, Popular National Union}was a Polish political party aligned with the National Democracy (Poland), National Democracy political movement during the Second Polish Republic, gathering together right-wing politicians with conservative and nationalist opinions. Between 1919 and 1926 the ZLN achieved considerable electoral success but at no point governed alone. It could only supply individual, well-qualified ministers (e.g. in finance, education or foreign affairs) to successive governments after 1923 in cooperation with the National Democrats and the peasants' party (Chjeno-Piast). In the 1922 presidential elections the ZLN nominated count Maurycy Zamoyski to counter the centrist "freemason" Gabriel Narutowicz as well as the socialist Stanisław Wojciechowski from the PSL “Piast”. After the May Coup of 1926, the ZLN gradually lost its influence and power in the wake of internal schisms and conflicts under the rule of its rivals, the Sanacja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurycy Klemens Zamoyski
Count Maurycy Klemens Zamoyski (30 July 1871 – 5 May 1939) was a Polish nobleman ( szlachcic), politician, social activist, and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Polish government of the 1920s. He was the 15th Lord of the Zamość estate and the biggest land owner in pre-World War II Poland. He co-founded and chaired the Agricultural Society in 1903. In 1906, he was elected to the State Duma of the Russian Empire as a representative of Lublin Governorate. During the First World War he was the vice-chairman of the Polish National Committee in Warsaw and later vice-chairman of the Polish National Committee in Paris. Early life and education He was born on Sunday, 30th of July 1871 in Warsaw. Son of the fourteenth Entailer of Zamość, founder of the Zamojski Entailer's Library in Warsaw (19th of March 1868), Tomasz Franciszek Zamoyski (coat-of-arms Jelita) (1832-1889) and Maria Anna Natalia nee Potocka (coat-of-arms Pilawa) from Podhajce (1850-1945). A member of the ancient fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"
Polish Peasant Party "Wyzwolenie" or Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"''Wyzwolenie'' is Polish for ''Liberation'', and many sources translate the party's name fully as Polish Peasant Party "Liberation" or Polish People's Party "Liberation" (Polish: ''Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe "Wyzwolenie"'', abbreviated as PSL Wyzwolenie) was a political party from the interwar period of the Second Polish Republic (1915–1931). It was formed in 1915 by several peasant parties in Kingdom of Poland. In comparison to Polish People's Party "Piast", it was a left-wing party, and an ally of Polish Socialist Party (''Polska Partia Socjalistyczna''). PSL Wyzwolenie supported the May Coup in 1926, but soon afterwards distanced itself from ''Sanation'' and joined the opposition. In 1931 it merged with several other parties forming the People's Party (''Stronnictwo Ludowe''). Politicians Important politicians included: * Gabriel Narutowicz Gabriel Józef Narutowicz (; 29 March 1865 – 16 Decemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignacy Daszyński
Ignacy Ewaryst Daszyński (; 26 October 1866 – 31 October 1936) was a Polish socialist politician, journalist, and very briefly Prime Minister of the Second Polish Republic's first government, formed in Lublin in 1918. In October 1892 he cofounded the Polish Social Democratic Party (Polish abbreviation: ''PPSD''), a precursor to the Polish Socialist Party (''PPS''). In 1897 he was elected to the Austrian Parliament and remained there until 1918. From 1903 he took part in several congresses and gatherings of the International Socialist Party, advocating for the independence and reunification of all Polish territories, as an integral part of the Polish socialist program. In 1912 he began a long collaboration with future Marshal and Chief of State Józef Pilsudski. He was appointed editor-in-chief of the Socialist newspaper ''Naprzód'' (Forward), published in Kraków. Following World War I, Daszyński cofounded the Polish National Committee, and for a few days he served as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Baudouin De Courtenay
Jan Niecisław Ignacy Baudouin de Courtenay (13 March 1845 – 3 November 1929) was a Polish linguist and Slavist, best known for his theory of the phoneme and phonetic alternations. For most of his life Baudouin de Courtenay worked at Imperial Russian universities: Kazan (1874–1883), Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) (1883–1893), Kraków (1893–1899) in Austria-Hungary, and St. Petersburg (1900–1918).Бодуэн де Куртенэ, Иван Александрович // Новая иллюстрированная энциклопедия. Кн. 3. Би-Ве. — М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 2003. — 256 с.: ил. — С. 27 — 28. — (кн. 3), . In 1919–1929 he was a professor at the re-established University of Warsaw in a once again independent Poland. Biography He was born in Radzymin, in the Warsaw Governorate of Congress Poland (a state in personal union with the Russian Empire), to a family of distant French extr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of The Interior
An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency management, supervision of regional and local governments, conduct of elections, public administration and immigration (including passport issuance) matters. This position is head of a department that is often called an interior ministry, a ministry of internal affairs or a ministry of home affairs. In some jurisdictions, there is no department called an "interior ministry", but the relevant responsibilities are allocated to other departments. Remit and role In some countries, the public security portfolio belongs to a separate ministry (under a title like "ministry of public order" or "ministry of security"), with the interior ministry being limited to control over local governments, public administration, elections and similar matters. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)
The Polish People's Party is a Polish agrarian political party. Polish People's Party may also refer to: * Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31) * Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie", active in the interwar period * Polish People's Party (Czechoslovakia), active in the 1920s * Polska Partia Ludowa (Czechoslovakia) *Polish People's Party "Left", active in the 1920s * People's Party, union of PSL Wyzwolenie, PSL Piast and Stronnictwo Chłopskie *Polish People's Party (1945–49) * Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie", active after World War II * United People's Party, satellite party of Polish United Workers Party in Polish People's Republic * Polish People's Party-Peasants' Agreement, active since 1991 to 1999 * Polska Partia Ludowa (Lithuania), active since 2002 *Polish People's Party "Piast" (founded 2006) Piast Faction ( pl, Stronnictwo Piast, SP), informally Piast Party, formerly Polish People's Party "Piast" ( pl, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe Piast, PSL Piast); is a po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
