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Pydna Curse Tablets
The Pydna curse tablets are a collection of six texts or catalogues written in Ancient Greek that were found at the ruins of Pydna, a prominent city of ancient Macedon, between 1994 and 1997. They were discovered during the archaeological excavations of the Makrygialos cemetery and were first published by Curbera and Jordan in 2003. Each tablet contains a curse or magic spell (, ''katadesmos''), probably all of judicial nature, and has been dated to the 4th century BC. Three of them are merely name catalogues, while the others also contain language which indicates they were meant to influence legal proceedings. The tablets document in total 66 individuals, most of whom bear well-known Greek names. The ''onomasticon'' of the tablets can be overall characterized as typically ancient Macedonian (e.g. Amyntas, Philippos, Pausanias etc.). The tablets have had important contribution to modern understanding of ancient Macedonian anthroponymy and prosopography, particularly in the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Century BC
The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. It is considered part of the Classical antiquity, Classical era, Epoch (reference date), epoch, or historical period. This century marked the height of Classical Greece, Classical Greek civilization in all of its aspects. By the year 400 BC Greek philosophy, art, literature and architecture had spread far and wide, with the numerous independent Greek colonisation, Greek colonies that had sprung up throughout the lands of the eastern Mediterranean. Arguably the most important series of political events in this period were the conquests of Alexander the Great, Alexander, bringing about the collapse of the once formidable Achaemenid Empire, Persian Empire and spreading Greek culture far into the east. Alexander dreamt of an east/west union, but when his short life ended in 323 BC, his vast empire was plunged into Wars of the Diadochi, civil war as his generals each carved out their own separate ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pausanias (other)
Pausanias () may refer to: *Pausanias the Regent, Spartan general and regent of the 5th century BC * Pausanias of Sicily, physician of the 5th century BC, who was a friend of Empedocles * Pausanias of Athens, lover of the poet Agathon and a character in Plato's ''Symposium'' c. 420 BC *Pausanias (king of Sparta), King of Sparta from 408 to 395 BC *Pausanias of Macedon, King of Macedon from 399 to 393 BC * Pausanias (pretender), pretender to the throne of Macedon in the 360s BC *Pausanias of Orestis, bodyguard who assassinated Philip II of Macedon in 336 BC *Pausanias of Damascus, Greek historian of the last quarter of the 2nd century BC *Pausanias (geographer) Pausanias ( ; ; ) was a Greek traveler and geographer of the second century AD. He is famous for his '' Description of Greece'' (, ), a lengthy work that describes ancient Greece from his firsthand observations. ''Description of Greece'' provide ..., Greek traveller, geographer, and writer (''Description of Greece'') of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attic Greek
Attic Greek is the Greek language, Greek dialect of the regions of ancient Greece, ancient region of Attica, including the ''polis'' of classical Athens, Athens. Often called Classical Greek, it was the prestige (sociolinguistics), prestige dialect of the Hellenistic period, Greek world for centuries and remains the standard form of the language that is taught to students of Ancient Greek. As the basis of the Hellenistic Koine Greek, Koine, it is the most similar of the ancient Greek dialects, ancient dialects to later Greek. Attic is traditionally classified as a member or sister dialect of the Ionic Greek, Ionic branch. Origin and range Greek language, Greek is the primary member of the Hellenic languages, Hellenic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. In ancient times, Greek had already come to exist in several dialects, one of which was Attic. The earliest Attested language, attestations of Greek, dating from the 16th to 11th centuries BC, are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigma
Sigma ( ; uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; ) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. In general mathematics, uppercase Σ is used as an operator (mathematics), operator for summation. When used at the end of a Letter case, letter-case word (one that does not use all caps), the final form (ς) is used. In ' (Odysseus), for example, the two lowercase sigmas (σ) in the center of the name are distinct from the word-final sigma (ς) at the end. The Latin alphabet, Latin letter S derives from sigma while the Cyrillic script, Cyrillic letter Es (Cyrillic), Es derives from a #Lunate sigma, lunate form of this letter. History The shape (Σς) and alphabetic position of sigma is derived from the Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician letter (Shin (letter), ''shin''). Sigma's original name may have been ''san'', but due to the complicated early history of the Greek Archaic Greek alphabets, epich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vowel Length
In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived or actual length (phonetics), duration of a vowel sound when pronounced. Vowels perceived as shorter are often called short vowels and those perceived as longer called long vowels. On one hand, many languages do not distinguish vowel length phoneme, phonemically, meaning that vowel length alone does not change the meanings of words. However, the amount of time a vowel is uttered can change based on factors such as the phonetic characteristics of the sounds around it: the phonetic environment. An example is that vowels tend to be pronounced longer before a voiced consonant and shorter before a voiceless consonant in the standard accents of General American English, American and Received Pronunciation, British English. On the other hand, vowel length is indeed an important phonemic factor in certain languages, meaning vowel length can change word-meanings, for example in Arabic phonology#Vowels, Arabic, Czech phonology, Czech, Dravidia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptolemy (name)
Ptolemy (, ''Ptolemaios'') is a male given name, derived from Ancient Greek and meaning 'warlike'. It is formed from the Epic Greek πτόλεμος ''ptolemos'' meaning 'war'. The name was used throughout the Greek world, but was particularly popular in ancient Macedon and its nobility. The earliest recorded use of the name is in the Iliad of Homer. During the Hellenistic period, Ptolemy I Soter, a general of Alexander the Great, founded the Ptolemaic dynasty which ruled their Kingdom in Ancient Egypt. All male rulers of the dynasty bore the name 'Ptolemy', the last being Ptolemy XII Auletes, father of Cleopatra. Common variants include Ptolemaeus (Latin), Tolomeo (Italian) and Talmai (Hebrew). Etymology ''Ptolemy'' is the English form of the Ancient Greek name Πτολεμαῖος (''Ptolemaios''), a derivative of πτόλεμος, an Epic form of πόλεμος 'war'The change from ''polemos'' to ''ptolemos'' is an example of a type of linguistic compounding called terps ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Thessaly
Thessaly or Thessalia (Attic Greek: , ''Thessalía'' or , ''Thettalía'') was one of the traditional regions of Ancient Greece. During the Mycenaean Greece, Mycenaean period, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, a name that continued to be used for one of the major tribes of Greece, the Aeolians, and their dialect of Greek, Aeolic Greek, Aeolic. Geography At its greatest extent, ancient Thessaly was a wide area stretching from Mount Olympos, Mount Olympus to the north to the Spercheios Valley to the south. Thessaly is a geographically diverse region, consisting of Thessalian plain, broad central plains surrounded by mountains. The plains are bounded by the Pindos Mountains to the west, Mount Othrys to the south, the Pelion and Mount Ossa (Greece), Ossa ranges to the east, and Mount Olympos to the North. The central plains consist of two basins, the Larissa, Larisa basin and the Karditsa basin, drained by the Pineios (Thessaly), Pineios River into the Vale of Tempe. The Pagasetic Gulf in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pella Curse Tablet
The Pella curse tablet is a text written in a distinct Doric Greek idiom, found in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedon, in 1986. Ιt contains a curse or magic spell (, '' katadesmos'') inscribed on a lead scroll, dated to the first half of the 4th century BC (BC). It is held in the Archaeological Museum of Pella. It was published in the ''Hellenic Dialectology'' Journal in 1993. The Pella curse tablet exhibits some of the typical Northwest Greek features, as well as a cluster of unique Doric features that do not appear in other subdialects of this family (e.g. Epirote, Locrian). It represents the same or a very similar vernacular dialect that is also attested in the other Doric inscriptions from Macedonia. This indicates that a Doric Greek dialect was not imported, but proper to Macedon. As a result, the Pella curse tablet has been forwarded as an argument that the Ancient Macedonian language was a dialect of Northwest Greek, and one of the Doric dialects. The spell was writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arethousa
Arethousa () is a village and a Communities and Municipalities of Greece, community and a municipal unit of the Volvi (municipality), Volvi municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipal unit of Arethousa was an independent municipality. The 2021 census recorded 636 inhabitants in the community and 2,238 inhabitants in the municipal unit. The community of Arethousa covers an area of 57.021 km2 while the respective municipal unit 214.929 km2. Administrative division The community of Arethousa consists of two separate settlements: *Arethousa (population 564 as of 2021) *Lefkouda (population 72) See also * List of settlements in the Thessaloniki regional unit References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attica
Attica (, ''Attikḗ'' (Ancient Greek) or , or ), or the Attic Peninsula, is a historical region that encompasses the entire Athens metropolitan area, which consists of the city of Athens, the capital city, capital of Greece and the core city of the metropolitan area, as well as its surrounding suburban cities and towns. It is a peninsula projecting into the Aegean Sea, bordering on Boeotia to the north and Megaris to the west. The southern tip of the peninsula, known as Laurion, Lavrio, was an important Mines of Laurion, mining region. The history of Attica is closely linked with that of Athens. In ancient times, Attica corresponded with the Athens city-state. It was the most prominent region in Ancient Greece, specifically during the Golden Age of Athens in the Classical Greece, classical period. Classical Athens, Ancient Attica (the classical Classical Athens, Athens city-state) was divided into deme, demoi, or municipalities, from the reform of Cleisthenes in 508/7 BC, gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip II Of Macedon
Philip II of Macedon (; 382 BC – October 336 BC) was the king (''basileus'') of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty, founders of the ancient kingdom, and the father of Alexander the Great. The Expansion of Macedonia under Philip II, rise of Macedon, including its conquest and political consolidation of most of Classical Greece during his reign, was achieved by his reformation of the Ancient Macedonian army, army (the establishment of the Macedonian phalanx that proved critical in securing victories on the battlefield), his extensive use of siege engines, and his use of effective diplomacy and marriage alliances. After defeating the Polis, Greek city-states of Classical Athens, Athens and Thebes, Greece, Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, Philip II led the effort to establish a federation of Greek states known as the League of Cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Underworld
In Greek mythology, the underworld or Hades () is a distinct realm (one of the three realms that make up the cosmos) where an individual goes after death. The earliest idea of afterlife in Greek myth is that, at the moment of death, an individual's essence (''psyche'') is separated from the corpse and transported to the underworld. In early mythology (e.g., Homer's ''Iliad'' and ''Odyssey'') the dead were indiscriminately grouped together and led a shadowy post-existence; however, in later mythology (e.g., Platonism, Platonic philosophy) elements of post-mortem judgment began to emerge with good and bad people being separated (both spatially and with regards to treatment). The underworld itself—commonly referred to as Hades, after its Hades, patron god, but also known by various metonyms—is described as being located at the periphery of the earth, either associated with the outer limits of the ocean (i.e., ''Oceanus'', again also a god) or beneath the earth. Darkness and a l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
