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Pulsed Radiofrequency
Pulsed radiofrequency is the technique whereby radio frequency (RF) oscillations are gated at a rate of pulses (cycles) per second (one cycle per second is known as a hertz (Hz)). Radio frequency energies occupy to of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio frequency electromagnetic energy is routinely produced by RF electrical circuits connected to a transducer, usually an antenna.''The ARRL Handbook for Radio Amateurs''. Newington, Connecticut: The American Radio Relay League. 1997. . Pulsed radio frequency waveforms The figure below shows an example of a generalized pulsed radio frequency waveform as seen with an oscilloscope with an antenna probe. In this example there are 1000 pulses per second (one kilohertz pulse rate) with a gated pulse width of 42 μs. The pulse packet frequency in this example is 27.125 MHz of RF energy. The duty cycle for a pulsed radio frequency is the percent time the RF packet is on, 4.2% for this example ( .042 ms × 1000 pulses divided ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around to around . This is roughly between the upper limit of audio frequencies that humans can hear (though these are not electromagnetic) and the lower limit of infrared frequencies, and also encompasses the microwave range. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses. Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range. Electric current Electric currents that oscillate at radio frequencies (RF currents) have special properties not shared by direct current or lower audio frequency alternating current, such as the 50 or 60 Hz current used in electrical power distribution. * Energy from RF currents in conduct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CRC Press
The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books. Many of their books relate to engineering, science and mathematics. Their scope also includes books on business, forensics and information technology. CRC Press is now a division of Taylor & Francis, itself a subsidiary of Informa. History The CRC Press was founded as the Chemical Rubber Company (CRC) in 1903 by brothers Arthur, Leo and Emanuel Friedman in Cleveland, Ohio, based on an earlier enterprise by Arthur, who had begun selling rubber laboratory aprons in 1900. The company gradually expanded to include sales of laboratory equipment to chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a graduated scientist trained in the study of chemistry, or an officially enrolled student in the field. Chemists study the composition of ...s. In 1913 the CRC offered a short (116-page) manual called the ''Rubber Handboo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Type
A cell type is a classification used to identify cells that share morphological or phenotypical features. A multicellular organism may contain cells of a number of widely differing and specialized cell types, such as muscle cells and skin cells, that differ both in appearance and function yet have identical genomic sequences. Cells may have the same genotype, but belong to different cell types due to the differential regulation of the genes they contain. Classification of a specific cell type is often done through the use of microscopy (such as those from the cluster of differentiation family that are commonly used for this purpose in immunology). Recent developments in single cell RNA sequencing facilitated classification of cell types based on shared gene expression patterns. This has led to the discovery of many new cell types in e.g. mouse cortex, hippocampus, dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord. Animals have evolved a greater diversity of cell types in a multicellular b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The International Journal Of Lower Extremity Wounds
''The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers four times a year in the field of Medical Sciences. The journal's editor is Raj Mani, PhD, FACA ( Southampton University Hospital). It has been in publication since 2010 and is currently published by SAGE Publications. Scope ''The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds'' publishes original research, reviews of evidence-based diagnostic techniques and methods and surgical and medical therapeutics for wounds such as burns, ulcers and fistulas. The journal also focuses on areas such as assessment and monitoring tools, casting and bioengineered skin. ''The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds'' is interdisciplinary and aims to appeal to a wide audience of those involved in the treatment and research of lower extremity wounds. Abstracting and indexing ''The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds'' is abstracted and indexed in the following d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critical Reviews In Biomedical Engineering
''Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Begell House covering biomedical engineering, bioengineering, clinical engineering, and related subjects. The editor-in-chief is Chenzhong Li Chenzhong Li () is a Chinese-born Canadian & American biomedical engineer, chemist, inventor, professor, and journal editor. Li is the co-Editor-in-Chief of the journal Biosensors and Bioelectronics (Elsevier) and the associate editors of journ .... External links * Biomedical engineering journals Bimonthly journals English-language journals Begell House academic journals {{Biomed-engineering-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PEMF
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT, or PEMF therapy), also known as low field magnetic stimulation (LFMS) is the use of electromagnetic fields in an attempt to heal non-union fractures and depression. By 2007, the FDA had cleared several such stimulation devices. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned a manufacturer for promoting the device for unapproved uses such as cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury. Efficacy While PEMF therapy is claimed to offer some benefits in the treatment of fractures, the evidence is inconclusive and is insufficient to inform current clinical practice. History Prior to 2000, in parallel with the PEMF research being done in Western Europe, the United States, and Japan, a great deal of scientific work was being done in scientific isolation behind the Iron Curtain, as summarized in a detailed technical report, showing scientific evidence for promising benefits from the use of PEMF for a very wide range of application ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronic Wound
A chronic wound is a wound A wound is any disruption of or damage to living tissue, such as skin, mucous membranes, or organs. Wounds can either be the sudden result of direct trauma (mechanical, thermal, chemical), or can develop slowly over time due to underlying diseas ... that does not progress through the normal stages of wound healing—haemostasis, inflammation, Cell proliferation, proliferation, and Tissue remodeling, remodeling—in a predictable and timely manner. Typically, wounds that do not heal within three months are classified as chronic. Chronic wounds may remain in the inflammatory phase due to factors like infection or bacterial burden, Ischemia, ischaemia, presence of necrotic tissue, improper moisture balance of wound site, or underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus. In acute wounds, a regulated balance of Proinflammatory cytokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines (signalling molecules) and Protease, proteases (enzymes) prevent the degradation of the extra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edema
Edema (American English), also spelled oedema (British English), and also known as fluid retention, swelling, dropsy and hydropsy, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue (biology), tissue. Most commonly, the legs or arms are affected. Symptoms may include skin that feels tight, the area feeling heavy, and joint stiffness. Other symptoms depend on the underlying cause. Causes may include Chronic venous insufficiency, venous insufficiency, heart failure, kidney problems, hypoalbuminemia, low protein levels, liver problems, deep vein thrombosis, infections, kwashiorkor, angioedema, certain medications, and lymphedema. It may also occur in immobile patients (stroke, spinal cord injury, aging), or with temporary immobility such as prolonged sitting or standing, and during menstruation or pregnancy. The condition is more concerning if it starts suddenly, or pain or shortness of breath is present. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. If the underlying mechanism involve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging Stimulus (physiology), stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sense, sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage." Pain motivates organisms to withdraw from damaging situations, to protect a damaged body part while it heals, and to avoid similar experiences in the future. Congenital insensitivity to pain may result in reduced life expectancy. Most pain resolves once the noxious stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but it may persist despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body. Sometimes pain arises in the absence of any detectable stimulus, damage or disease. Pain is the most common reason for physician consultation in most developed countries. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can interfere with a person's quality of life and general fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Headache (journal)
''Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain'' is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of head and face pain. It is the official journal of the American Headache Society (https://americanheadachesociety.org). It was established in 1961 and is published ten times per year by Wiley-Blackwell. The editor-in-chief is Amy A. Gelfand MD, MAS, FAHS (University of California at San Francisco). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 4.041, ranking it 45th out of 204 journals in the category "Clinical Neurology". References External links * Neurology journals Anesthesiology and palliative medicine journals Wiley-Blackwell academic journals Academic journals established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Spine Journal
''The Spine Journal'' is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research related to the spine. It is the official journal of the North American Spine Society. The journal was established in 2001 and is published by Elsevier. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', ''The Spine Journal'' has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 4.166. References External links * Academic journals established in 2001 Orthopedics journals Elsevier academic journals Monthly journals English-language journals {{med-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is pain that persists or recurs for longer than 3 months.https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1581976053 It is also known as gradual burning pain, electrical pain, throbbing pain, and nauseating pain. This type of pain is in contrast to acute pain, which is pain associated with a cause that can be relieved by treating the cause, and decreases or stops when the cause improves. Chronic pain can last for years. Persistent pain often serves no apparent useful purpose. The most common types of chronic pain are back pain, severe headache, migraine, and facial pain. Chronic pain can cause very severe psychological and physical effects that sometimes continue until the end of life. Analysis of the grey matter (damage to brain neurons), insomnia and sleep deprivation, metabolic problems, chronic stress, obesity, and heart attack are examples of physical disorders; and Depression (mood), depression, and neurocognitive disorders are examples of mental disorders. A wide ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
