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Prey Drive
Prey drive is the instinctive inclination of a carnivore to find, pursue, and capture prey; this instinct can be refined for industrial purposes such as herding livestock. Aspects The predatory motor sequence follows a sequence: search (orient, nose/ear/eye); stalk; chase; bite (grab-bite, kill-bite); dissect; and consume. In different breeds of dogs, certain steps of these have been amplified or reduced by human-controlled selective breeding for various purposes. The "search" aspect of the prey drive is used in detection dogs such as bloodhounds and beagles. The "eye-stalk" is for herding dogs. The "chase" is seen in sighthounds such as Greyhounds and lurchers, while the "grab-bite" and "kill-bite" are for the training of terriers. In most dogs, prey drive can occur without extrinsic reinforcement. Benefits In dog training, prey drive can be used as a performative advantage because dogs with strong prey drive are more willing to pursue moving objects such as toys, which can t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) is an interdisciplinary area of machine learning and optimal control concerned with how an intelligent agent should take actions in a dynamic environment in order to maximize a reward signal. Reinforcement learning is one of the three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Reinforcement learning differs from supervised learning in not needing labelled input-output pairs to be presented, and in not needing sub-optimal actions to be explicitly corrected. Instead, the focus is on finding a balance between exploration (of uncharted territory) and exploitation (of current knowledge) with the goal of maximizing the cumulative reward (the feedback of which might be incomplete or delayed). The search for this balance is known as the exploration–exploitation dilemma. The environment is typically stated in the form of a Markov decision process (MDP), as many reinforcement learning algorithms use dyn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Working Terrier
A working terrier is a type of terrier dog bred and trained to hunt vermin including a badger, fox, rat and other small mammals. This may require the working terrier pursuing the vermin into an underground warren. These working dog breeds are neither bred primarily for a dog show nor as a companion dog, rather they are valued for their ability to hunt, endurance and gameness. Working terriers provide utility on farms, for pest control and organized hunting activities. A terrierman leads a pack of terriers when they are working. According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the name "''terrier''" dates back to 1410 in the writings of Edward of Norwich, 2nd duke of York (1373 – 1415). The word terrier in Old French derives from the -4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... derives from the "''terra''", which means "''earth''". The term terrier meaning "''earth dog''" or "''dog of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bull-baiting
Bull-baiting (or bullbaiting) is a blood sport involving pitting a bull against dogs with the aim of attacking and subduing the bull by biting and holding onto its nose or neck, which often resulted in the death of the bull. History England The origin of baiting in England may have come from ancient pagan rituals, and appears to have been carried on as a required method of butchering bull-beef in the 14th century. However, the earliest known bull-baiting as commercial entertainment in London was around 1540, and the first permanent arena was in 1562. Historically, however, English authors have often claimed a more ancient origin of the sport, as early as the 12th century, presumably to lend it a more ancient and venerable history, going as far as to suggest that the circular shape of the Elizabethan theaters came about because they were first used as baiting arenas, although these claims have been discredited. Crowds in London during the Royal Entry of James VI and I in Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
The Staffordshire Bull Terrier, also called the Staffy or Stafford, is a purebred dog of small to medium size in the terrier group that originated in the northern parts of Birmingham and in the Black Country of Staffordshire, for which it is named. They descended from 19th-century bull terriers that were developed by crossing bulldogs with various terriers to create a generic type of dog generally known as bull and terriers. Staffords share the same ancestry with the modern Bull Terrier, although the two breeds developed along independent lines, and do not resemble each other. Modern Staffords more closely resemble the old type of bull terrier, and were first recognised as a purebred dog breed by The Kennel Club of Great Britain in 1935. Within the broad sweep of dog history, the story behind the modern Stafford is rather brief and somewhat confusing because of the multiple aliases attached to these dogs in centuries past, such as the "Patched Fighting Terrier", "Staffo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retriever
A retriever is a Dog type, type of gun dog that retrieves Game (hunting), game for a hunter. Generally gun dogs are divided into three major classifications: retrievers, flushing spaniels, and pointing breeds. Retrievers were bred primarily to retrieve birds or other prey and return them to the hunter without damage; retrievers are distinguished in that nonslip retrieval is their primary function. As a result, retriever List of dog breeds, breeds are bred for soft mouths and a great willingness to please, learn, and obey. A soft mouth refers to the willingness of the dog to carry game in its mouth without biting into it. "Hard mouth" is a serious fault in a hunting dog and is very difficult to correct. A hard-mouthed dog renders game unpresentable or at worst inedible. The retriever's willingness to please, patient nature and trainability have made breeds such as the Labrador retriever and Golden retriever popular as a Assistance dog, disability assistance dog. The outstanding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schutzhund
Schutzhund (/'ʃʊtshʊnt/, German language, German for "protection dog"), currently known competitively as IGP and previously as IPO, is a List of dog sports, dog sport that tests a dog's tracking (dog), tracking, Obedience training, obedience, and Guard dog, protection skills, and evaluates if a dog has the appropriate traits and characteristics of a good working dog. It was developed in Germany in the early 1900s as a suitability test for German Shepherds, but soon became the model for training and evaluating all five of the German protection breeds, which included Boxer (dog), Boxer, Dobermann, Giant Schnauzer, and Rottweiler. Though any Dog breed, breed of dog can participate, today the sport is dominated by German Shepherds and the Belgian Shepherd breed. In 2025 Schutzhund and other working dog activities were awarded UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage status. Dog owners and handlers participate in Schutzhund clubs as a gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dog Agility
Dog agility is a dog sport in which a handler directs a dog through an obstacle course in a race for both time and accuracy. Dogs run off leash with no food or toys as incentives, and the handler can touch neither dog nor obstacles. The handler's controls are limited to voice, movement, and various body signals, requiring exceptional training of the animal and coordination of the handler. An agility course consists of a set of standard obstacles laid out by a judge in a design of their own choosing in an area of a specified size. The surface may be of grass, dirt, rubber, or special matting. Depending on the type of competition, the obstacles may be marked with numbers indicating the order in which they must be completed. Courses are complicated enough that a dog could not complete them correctly without human direction. In competition, the handler must assess the course, decide on handling strategies, and direct the dog through the course, with precision and speed equally imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greyhound Racing
Greyhound racing is an organized, competitive sport in which greyhounds are raced around an oval track. The sport originates from Hare coursing, coursing. Track racing uses an artificial lure (usually a form of windsock) that travels ahead of the greyhounds on a rail until the greyhounds cross the Racing, finish line. As with horse racing, greyhound races often allow the public to Gambling, bet on the outcome. Animal rights and animal welfare groups have been critical of the animal welfare, welfare of greyhounds in the commercial racing industry for many years which has contributed to the reforms of the industries in recent times. A greyhound adoption movement spearheaded by kennel owners has arisen to assist retired racing dogs in finding homes as pets, with an estimated adoption rate of over 95% in the United States. In the UK, under the Greyhound Board of Great Britain retirement scheme (introduced in 2020) greyhounds are ensured an approved GRS (greyhound retirement scheme) h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dog Training
Dog training is a type of animal training, the Applied behavior analysis, application of behavior analysis which uses the environmental events of antecedents (trigger for a behavior) and consequences to modify the dog behavior, either for it to assist in specific activities or undertake particular tasks, or for it to participate effectively in contemporary domestic life. While training dogs for specific roles dates back to Roman times at least, the training of dogs to be compatible household pets developed with suburbanization in the 1950s. A dog learns from interactions it has with its environment. This can be through classical conditioning, where it forms an association between two stimuli; Learning#Non-associative learning, non-associative learning, where its behavior is modified through habituation or sensitisation; and operant conditioning, where it forms an association between an antecedent and its consequence. Most working dogs are now trained using reward-based methods, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrier
Terrier () is a Dog type, type of dog originally bred to hunt vermin. A terrier is a dog of any one of many Dog breed, breeds or landraces of the terrier Dog type, type, which are typically small, wiry, Gameness, game, and fearless. There are five different groups of terrier, with each group having different shapes and sizes. History Most terrier breeds were refined from the older purpose-bred dogs. The gameness of the early hunting terriers was exploited by using them in sporting contests. Initially, terriers competed in events such as clearing a pit of rats. The dog that was the fastest in killing all the rats won. In the eighteenth century some terriers were crossed with hounds to improve their hunting, and some with fighting dog breeds to "intensify tenacity and increase courage". Some of the crosses with fighting dogs, bull and terrier crosses, were used in the blood sport of dog-fighting. Modern pet breeds such as the Bull Terrier (Miniature), Miniature Bull Terrier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
