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Pholcomma Turbotti
''Pholcomma turbotti'' is a species of spider in the family Theridiidae. The species was first described by Brian John Marples in 1956. Formerly thought to be endemic to Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands to the northwest of New Zealand, the species has since been identified on Cuvier Island. Taxonomy The species was identified by Marples in 1956, who named the species ''Armigera turbotti'', placing it in a novel genus. Marples was unsure if this species should be placed within the Pholcomatinae subfamily due to recent taxonomic changes in ''Pholcomma'', and decided to create a new genus due to this ambiguity. Marples named the species after Graham Turbott, who had collected the original specimen from under stones on Manawatāwhi / Great Island. In 1962, Herbert Walter Levi and Lorna Rose Levi synonymised the genus ''Armigera'', moving this species to ''Pholcomma''. Description Marples' original text (the type description) reads as follows: Distribution and habitat The spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian John Marples
Brian John Marples FRSNZ (31 March 1907 – 1997) was a British zoologist who spent most of his career in New Zealand. Early years Marples was born in Hessle, Yorkshire, in north-eastern England. He was educated at Kingsmead in Cheshire, and St Bees in Cumberland before attending Exeter College at Oxford University. He graduated as a BA from Oxford in 1929, subsequently obtaining a MSc from the University of Manchester in 1931, and MA from Oxford in 1933. He married Mary (Molly) Joyce Ransford in 1931. Career From 1930 to 1936 Marples worked as Assistant Lecturer in Zoology at Manchester. In 1937 he went to New Zealand to become Professor of Zoology at the University of Otago, a position he served in for 30 years before retiring in 1967 to Woodstock, near Oxford in southern England. He published numerous papers on a wide variety of zoological topics, especially in the fields of ornithology, arachnology and fossil penguins. He was also a cofounder of the Ornithological Society o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Threat Classification System
The New Zealand Threat Classification System is used by the Department of Conservation to assess conservation priorities of species in New Zealand. The system was developed because the IUCN Red List, a similar conservation status system, had some shortcomings for the unique requirements of conservation ranking in New Zealand. plants, animals, and fungi are evaluated, though the lattermost has yet to be published. Algae were assessed in 2005 but not reassessed since. Other protists have not been evaluated. Categories Species that are ranked are assigned categories: ;Threatened This category has three major divisions: ::*Nationally Critical - equivalent to the IUCN category of Critically endangered ::*Nationally Endangered - equivalent to the IUCN category of Endangered ::*Nationally Vulnerable - equivalent to the IUCN category of Vulnerable ;At Risk This has four categories: ::*Declining ::*Recovering ::*Relict ::*Naturally Uncommon ;Other categories ;;Introduced and Natu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can reproduction, produce Fertility, fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. , 50,356 spider species in 132 families have been recorded by taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900. Anatomically, spiders (as with all arachnids) differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax or prosoma, and the opisthosoma, or abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel, however, as there is currently neither paleontological nor embryological evidence that spiders ever had a sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theridiidae
Theridiidae, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders, is a large family of Araneomorphae, araneomorph spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. This diverse, globally distributed family includes over 3,000 species in 124 genus, genera, and is the most common arthropod found in human dwellings throughout the world. Theridiid spiders are both Entelegynae, entelegyne, meaning that the females have a genital plate, and Cribellum, ecribellate, meaning that they spin sticky capture silk instead of woolly silk. They have a comb of serrated bristles (setae) on the Arthropod leg, tarsus of the fourth leg. The family includes some model organisms for research, including the List of medically significant spider bites, medically important Latrodectus, widow spiders. They are important to studies characterizing their venom and its clinical manifestation, but widow spiders are also used in research on spider silk and sexual biology, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands
The Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands (sometimes just known collectively by the Māori name for the largest island, Manawatāwhi) are a group of 13 uninhabited islands about northwest of Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua, New Zealand, where the South Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea converge. They measure in area. The islands are on a submarine plateau, the Three Kings Bank, and are separated from the New Zealand mainland by an 8 km wide, 200 to 300 m deep submarine trough. Therefore, despite relative proximity to the mainland, the islands are listed with the New Zealand Outlying Islands. The islands are an immediate part of New Zealand, but not part of any region or district, but instead ''Area Outside Territorial Authority'', like all the other outlying islands except the Solander Islands. History During the Last Glacial Maximum when sea levels were over 100 metres lower than present day levels, most offshore islands of New Zealand were connected to the mainland. Manawat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuvier Island
Cuvier Island is a small uninhabited island off the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It lies on the seaward end of the Colville Channel, north of the Mercury Islands and approximately south-east of Great Barrier Island. The island is a wildlife sanctuary, managed by the Department of Conservation and is the subject of an ongoing island restoration project to eliminate non-native mammals and restore the original ecosystem. At one time in the 1920s the wife of the Lighthouse Keeper was the nominated Protector of Tuatara Lizards which were found in numbers at the rear of the housCuvier Island restoration (from the Department of Conservation website) It is also the location of the Cuvier Island Lighthouse which was constructed in 1889 and the wreck of the old ''HMNZS Philomel'' which was scuttled near the island on 6 August 1949 after decommissioning and being stripped of useful equipment. Geology The island is the remains of an igneous intrusion of the Coromandel Vol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graham Turbott
Evan Graham Turbott (27 May 1914 – 12 December 2014) was a New Zealand ornithologist, zoologist, and museum administrator. He served as director of the Auckland Institute and Museum from 1964 to 1979. Early life and family Born at Stanley Bay on Auckland's North Shore, Turbott was the eldest of the three sons of Thomas Turbott, a primary school headmaster, and his wife Evangeline Alice Turbott (née Graham). His brothers included the diplomat and businessman Ian Turbott. He was educated at Takapuna Grammar School, and went on to study at Auckland Teachers' Training College and Auckland University College. He graduated from the latter institution with a Master of Science in zoology in 1938. His thesis was entitled ''Some observations on the distribution and anatomy of Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger''. On 7 September 1940, Turbott married the ethnologist Olwyn Mary Rutherford at All Saints' Church, Howick. Career In 1937 Turbott was appointed as assistant zoologist at A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Walter Levi
Herbert Walter Levi (January 3, 1921 – November 3, 2014) was professor emeritus of zoology and curator of arachnology at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. He was born in Germany, educated there and at Leighton Park School, Reading in England. He then received his higher education at the University of Connecticut and the University of Wisconsin. Levi authored about 150 scientific papers on spiders and on biological conservation. He is the author of the popular Golden Guide ''Spiders and their Kin'', with Lorna Rose Levi (his wife) and Herbert Spencer Zim. Levi received the 2007 Eugene Simon Award from the International Society of Arachnology "for his immense influence on US spider research". He was an elected honorary member of the American Arachnological Society. Levi was an editorial board member for the '' Journal of Arachnology''. The pseudoscorpion genus ''Levichelifer'', the spider species ''Anisaedus levii'' and the whip spider species ''Phrynus levii ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorna Rose Levi
Lorna is a feminine given name. The name is said to have been first coined by R. D. Blackmore for the heroine of his novel ''Lorna Doone'', which appeared in 1869. Blackmore appears to have derived this name from the Scottish placename ''Lorn''/'' Lorne''. In the U.S., according to the 1990 census, the name ranks 572 of 4275, and as a surname, Lorna ranks 62296 out of 88799. Notable people named Lorna * Lorna Anderson, Scottish soprano * Lorna Aponte, Panamanian rapper * Lorna Arnold, British historian of the UK's nuclear weapons programmes * Lorna Bennett, Jamaican reggae singer * Dame Lorna May Boreland-Kelly, British magistrate and member of the Judicial Appointments Commission * Lorna Dee Cervantes, Chicana American poet * Lorna Cordeiro, singer from Goa, India * Lorna Jane Clarkson, Australian fashion designer, entrepreneur and author. * Lorna Crozier, Canadian poet and essayist *Lorna Dewaraja (born 1929), Sri Lankan historian * Lorna Dixon, Australian Aboriginal custodian a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pholcomma
''Pholcomma'' is a genus of Theridiidae, comb-footed spiders that was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869. Species it contains eleven species, found worldwide: *''Pholcomma antipodianum'' (Raymond Robert Forster, Forster, 1955) – New Zealand (Antipodes Is.) *''Pholcomma barnesi'' Herbert Walter Levi, Levi, 1957 – USA *''Pholcomma carota'' Levi, 1957 – USA *''Pholcomma gibbum'' (Westring, 1851) (Type species, type) – Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran? *''Pholcomma hickmani'' Forster, 1964 – New Zealand (Campbell Is.) *''Pholcomma hirsutum'' James Henry Emerton, Emerton, 1882 – USA, Canada *''Pholcomma mantinum'' Levi, 1964 – Brazil *''Pholcomma micropunctatum'' (Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão, Mello-Leitão, 1941) – Argentina *''Pholcomma soloa'' (Brian J. Marples, Marples, 1955) – Samoa, Niue *''Pholcomma tokyoense'' Ono, 2007 – Japan *''Pholcomma turbotti'' (Marples, 1956) – New Zealand Formerly included: *''P. amamiense'' Yoshida, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Description
A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper. Its purpose is to give a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species that have been described previously or are related. In order for species to be validly described, they need to follow guidelines established over time. Zoological naming requires adherence to the ICZN code, plants, the ICN, viruses ICTV, and so on. The species description often contains photographs or other illustrations of type material along with a note on where they are deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million species have been identified and described, out of some 8.7 million that may actually exist. Millions more have become extinct throughout the existence of life on Earth. Naming process A name of a new species becomes valid (available in zo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
