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Passenger Wi-Fi On Subway Trains
Passenger Wi-Fi on subway trains is a service provided primarily for wireless internet access for passengers on board rapid transit, subway trains. Wi-Fi for subway passengers is a standard service provided in the majority of large cities worldwide. Wi-Fi in stations is present in the systems of MTR, Hong Kong, London Underground, London, New York City Subway, New York, Moscow Metro, Moscow, Saint Petersburg Metro, St. Petersburg, Riyadh Metro, Riyadh, Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore), Singapore, Tokyo subway, Tokyo, and Toronto subway, Toronto. Delivering high-speed Wi-Fi on underground trains is more complex and requires two radio networks: one which delivers the signal to tunnels and trains (a Trackside Network or TSN), and a Wi-Fi network on board the trains to enable passenger connectivity. Wi-Fi connectivity currently operates on underground trains in Moscow and St. Petersburg in Russia; Seoul Metropolitan Subway, Seoul in South Korea; Delhi Metro, Delhi's Delhi Airport Metro Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rapid Transit
Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT) or heavy rail, commonly referred to as metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport that is generally built in urban areas. A grade separation, grade separated rapid transit line below ground surface through a tunnel can be regionally called a subway, tube, metro or underground. They are sometimes grade-separated on elevated railways, in which case some are referred to as el trains – short for "elevated" – or skytrains. Rapid transit systems are usually electric railway, electric railways, that unlike buses or trams operate on an exclusive right-of-way (transportation), right-of-way, which cannot be accessed by pedestrians or other vehicles. Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between metro station, stations typically using electric multiple units on railway tracks. Some systems use rubber-tyred metro, guided rubber tires, magnetic levitation (''maglev''), or monorail. The stations typica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guangzhou Metro
The Guangzhou Metro ( zh, s=广州地铁, labels=no) is the rapid transit system of the city of Guangzhou in the Guangdong Province of China. It is operated by the state-owned Guangzhou Metro Corporation and was the fourth metro system to be built in mainland China, after those of Beijing Subway, Beijing, Tianjin Metro, Tianjin, and Shanghai Metro, Shanghai. The earliest efforts to build an underground rapid transit system in Guangzhou date back to 1960. In the two decades that followed, the project was brought into the agenda five times but ended up abandoned each time due to financial and technical difficulties. Preparation of what would lead to today's Guangzhou Metro did not start until the 1980s, and it was not until 1993 that construction of the first line, Line 1, officially began. Line 1 opened four years later in 1997 with five stations in operation. , Guangzhou Metro has 17 lines in operation, namely: Line 1 (Guangzhou Metro), Line 1, Line 2 (Guangzhou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passenger Wi-Fi On Airplanes
Wi-Fi on airplanes or also called in-flight Wi-Fi is a service that provides wireless Internet to passengers on an airplane during a flight. Since 2004, numerous airlines have integrated this system into their in-flight entertainment offerings, having developed the necessary technical capabilities to implement it. The range of in-flight services offered by airlines varies significantly. Some airlines provide completely free and unlimited access, while others may offer complimentary service exclusively for instant messaging, with additional fees for other services or navigation packages during the flight. Market research specialized in customer behavior indicates that this service can influence a passenger's choice of airline, positioning it as a new competitive factor within the passenger air transport industry. History As of January 15, 2003, Lufthansa, the German airline, became the first airline globally to provide in-flight Internet service to its passengers, following a serie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to noise power, often expressed in decibels. A ratio higher than 1:1 (greater than 0 dB) indicates more signal than noise. SNR is an important parameter that affects the performance and quality of systems that process or transmit signals, such as communication systems, audio systems, radar systems, imaging systems, and data acquisition systems. A high SNR means that the signal is clear and easy to detect or interpret, while a low SNR means that the signal is corrupted or obscured by noise and may be difficult to distinguish or recover. SNR can be improved by various methods, such as increasing the signal strength, reducing the noise level, filtering out unwanted noise, or using error correction techniques. SNR also determines the maximum possible amount of data that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of WLAN Channels
Wireless LAN (WLAN) channels are frequently accessed using IEEE 802.11 protocols. The 802.11 standard provides several radio frequency bands for use in Wi-Fi communications, each divided into a multitude of channels numbered at 5 MHz spacing (except in the 45/60 GHz band, where they are 0.54/1.08/2.16 GHz apart) between the centre frequency of the channel. The standards allow for channels to be bonded together into wider channels for faster throughput. 860/900 MHz (802.11ah) 802.11ah operates in sub-gigahertz unlicensed bands. Each world region supports different sub-bands, and the channels number depends on the starting frequency on the sub-band it belongs to. Therefore there is no global channels numbering plan, and the channels numbers are incompatible between world regions (and even between sub-bands of a same world region). The following sub-bands are defined in the 802.11ah specifications: 2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n/ax/be) 14 channels are designated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communications-based Train Control
Communications-based train control (CBTC) is a railway signaling system that uses telecommunications between the train and track equipment for traffic management and infrastructure control. CBTC allows a train's position to be known more accurately than with traditional signaling systems. This can make railway traffic management safer and more efficient. Rapid transit systems (and other railway systems) are able to reduce headways while maintaining or even improving safety. A CBTC system is a "continuous, automatic train control system utilizing high-resolution train location determination, independent from track circuits; continuous, high-capacity, bidirectional train-to-wayside data communications; and trainborne and wayside processors capable of implementing automatic train protection (ATP) functions, as well as optional automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision (ATS) functions," as defined in the IEEE 1474 standard.1474.1–1999 – IEEE Standard fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Local Area Network
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, campus, or building, and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed. LANs facilitate the distribution of data and sharing network devices, such as printers. The LAN contrasts the wide area network (WAN), which not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves Leased line, leased telecommunication circuits or Internet links. An even greater contrast is the Internet, which is a system of globally connected business and personal computers. Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies used for local area networks; historical network technologies include ARCNET, Token Ring, and LocalTalk. Cabling Most wired network infrastructures utilize Category 5 cable, Category 5 or Category 6 cable, Category 6 twisted pair cabling with RJ45 (telecommunications), RJ45 compatible terminations. This medium provides physical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MaximaTelecom
MaximaTelecom is a Russian technology company engaged in the development and commercialization of public wireless networks, Wi-Fi network operator in the Moscow Metro. History The company was founded in 2004 and for long time was an asset of the Russian systems integrator . In 2013, MaximaTelecom was purchased by a group of private investors headed by Sergey Aslanyan (entrepreneur), Sergey Aslanyan, the former president of the group Sitronics. In July of the same year the company took part in the auction of the Moscow Metro for the right to create Wi-Fi network and signed a contract as the only bidder. Projects Moscow Metro The main contenders for the creation and maintenance of the network in the Moscow metro were cellular operators, members of the 'big three' - MegaFon, Mobile TeleSystems and VimpelCom. Access to the subway infrastructure was interesting for the companies in terms of expanding the coverage area of their own mobile networks and Internet connections. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (; Shanghainese: ''Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7'') is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 List of township-level divisions of Shanghai, municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao metro station (Kunshan), Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's List of metro systems, second longest metro system by route length, totaling and the List of metro systems, second largest system by number of stations, with List of Shanghai Metro stations, 508 stations across 19 lines. It also ranks Metro systems by annual passenger rides, first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, pandemic, ridership still routinely stands at over 10 millio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wuhan Metro
Wuhan Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China. Owned and operated by Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd., the network now includes 12 lines, 312 stations, and 518 kilometres of track length. With 1.35 billion annual passengers in 2023, Wuhan Metro is the sixth-busiest rapid transit system in mainland China. There are a number of lines or sections under construction. Line 1, the first line in the system, opened on 28 July 2004, making Wuhan the seventh city in mainland China with a rapid transit system, after the cities of Beijing Subway, Beijing, Tianjin Metro, Tianjin, Shanghai Metro, Shanghai, Guangzhou Metro, Guangzhou, Changchun Rail Transit, Changchun, and Dalian Metro, Dalian. Line 2 opened on 28 December 2012 and is the first underground rail line crossing the Yangtze River. The system has since undergone rapid expansion. History Preliminary studies of urban rail transit systems were prompted by the city shortly after a National Railway Company of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shenzhen Metro
The Shenzhen Metro ( zh, s=深圳地铁, c=, labels=no) is the rapid transit system for the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong province, China. The newest lines and extensions which opened on December 27, 2024 put the network at of trackage. It currently operates on 17 lines with 398 stations. Despite having only opened on December 28, 2004, the Shenzhen Metro is the 5th longest metro system in the world. By 2035, the network is planned to comprise 8 express and 24 non-express lines totaling of trackage. Current system Currently the network has of route, operating on 17 lines with 398 stations. Line 1, Line 4 and Line 10 run to the border crossings between the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region at Luohu/ Lo Wu and Futian Checkpoint/Lok Ma Chau, where riders can transfer to Hong Kong's MTR East Rail line for travel onwards to Hong Kong. Line 1 Line 1, formerly known as Luobao line, runs westward from Luohu to Airport East. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delhi Airport Metro Express
The Airport Express Line or Orange Line is a Delhi Metro line from New Delhi to Yashobhoomi Dwarka Sector - 25, linking Indira Gandhi International Airport. The total length of the line is , of which is underground and , from Buddha Jayanti Park to Mahipalpur, elevated. On 27 June 2013 Reliance Infrastructure Ltd. informed DMRC of their inability to operate the line beyond 30 June 2013. Following this, DMRC took over operations of Airport Express line from 1 July 2013 with an operations and maintenance team of 100 officials to handle the line. The line runs at a speed of providing for a 15-minute journey from New Delhi to IGI Airport. In 2023, the operational speed of Delhi Airport Express was increased to from , making it the fastest metro line in the country. History The first tenders for line construction were awarded in September 2007. On 23 January 2008, the DMRC awarded a 30-year build-operate-transfer PPP contract to the Reliance Energy- CAF consortium. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
