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Organisation For Joint Armament Cooperation
The Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation (French: ''Organisation Conjointe de Coopération en matière d'ARmement''; OCCAR) is a European intergovernmental organisation that facilitates and manages collaborative armament programmes through their lifecycle between the governments of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. History ImageSize = width:280 height:270 PlotArea = left:50 right:0 bottom:10 top:10 DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1993 till:2005 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:1993 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:1993 PlotData= Color:yellow mark:(line,black) align:left fontsize:M shift:(0,-3) # shift text to right side of bar # there is no automatic collision detection, fontsize:XS # so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap shift:(25,-10) at:2005 shift:15,-6 text: Accession of Spain at:2004 shift:15,-6 text: Re-organisation of Central Office at:2003 shi ...
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Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic country by both area and population, and is the List of European countries by area, fifth-largest country in Europe. Its capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has a population of 10.6 million, and a low population density of ; 88% of Swedes reside in urban areas. They are mostly in the central and southern half of the country. Sweden's urban areas together cover 1.5% of its land area. Sweden has a diverse Climate of Sweden, climate owing to the length of the country, which ranges from 55th parallel north, 55°N to 69th parallel north, 69°N. Sweden has been inhabited since Prehistoric Sweden, prehistoric times around 12,000 BC. The inhabitants emerged as the Geats () and Swedes (tribe), Swedes (), who formed part of the sea-faring peopl ...
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Theon Sensors
Theon may refer to: People with the name Given name or stage name * Theon (1st century BC), literary critic and lexicographer * Theon (rhetorician) (c. 500), teacher of Damascius * Theon, vocalist for Lovex * Theon of Alexandria (c. 335 – c. 405), a Greek astronomer and mathematician * Theon of Samos, painter * Theon of Smyrna (c. 70 – c. 135), philosopher and mathematician Surname * Aelius Theon (mid to late first century A.D.), teacher of rhetorics * Alma Théon (1843–1908), clairvoyant and occultist * Max Théon (1848–1927), kabbalist and occultist Fictional * Theon Greyjoy, character in ''A Song of Ice and Fire'' Places * Theon, Washington, a community in the United States * Theon, Texas, an unincorporated town in Texas * Theon Junior (crater), a lunar impact crater * Theon Senior (crater), a lunar impact crater Other * Theon Design, a custom Porsche workshop See also * Theion (other) * Then (other) *Thien (other) *Thi� ...
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Hensoldt
Hensoldt AG ''(HENSOLDT)'' is a multinational corporation headquartered in Germany which focuses on sensor technologies for protection and surveillance missions in the Military, defence, security and aerospace sectors. The main product areas are radar, optoelectronics and avionics. Hensoldt's main office is in Taufkirchen (bei München), Taufkirchen near Munich, Germany. On 25 September 2020, Hensoldt AG was listed in the Prime Standard of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange at an issue price of 12.00 euros. Based on the issue price, the market capitalisation amounted to 1.26 billion euros. History The company originated from the electronics business unit of the Airbus Defence and Space, defence division of the Airbus. At the end of February 2017, Airbus sold this business unit to the US financial investor Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, KKR for 1.1 billion euros.Arno Schuetze and Sabine Siebold (September 5, 2019)KKR to sell or float German defence supplier Hensoldt: sources''Reuters''. Since ...
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Night-vision Device
A night-vision device (NVD), also known as a night optical/observation device (NOD) or night-vision goggle (NVG), is an Optoelectronics, optoelectronic device that allows visualization of images in low levels of light, improving the user's night vision. The device enhances Available light, ambient visible light and converts Infrared#Regions within the infrared, near-infrared light into visible light which can then be seen by humans; this is known as I2 (Image intensifier, image intensification). By comparison, viewing of infrared thermal radiation is referred to as Thermography, thermal imaging and operates in a different section of the infrared spectrum. A night vision device usually consists of an image intensifier tube, a protective housing, and an optional mounting system. Many NVDs also include a protective sacrificial lens, mounted over the front/Objective (optics), objective lens to prevent damage by environmental hazards, while some incorporat ...
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MUSIS
The MUltinational Space-based Imaging System for Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Observation (MUSIS) is an international program including France, Italy, Belgium, Germany, Greece, and Spain, aimed at allowing the six nations to share imagery from various military satellites through a common, generic user ground segment (UGS) according to agreed rules and quota. Overview Similar to many category B projects of European Defence Agency (EDA), it is managed by OCCAR. MUSIS was intended to provide access to a number of missions intended for the 2015 timeframe: * the successor of French Hélios 2 called Composante Spatiale Optique (CSO) * the successor of German SAR-Lupe called SARah * the successor of Italian COSMO-SkyMed called COSMO Second Generation (CSG) * the Spanish wide area optical satellite SEOSat-Ingenio (formerly known as Seosat) The two systems mentioned first are entirely military whilst the two latter systems are dual-use. History MUSIS was approved in 200 ...
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Counter-battery Radar
A counter-battery radar or weapon tracking radar is a radar system that detects artillery projectiles fired by one or more guns, howitzers, Mortar (weapon), mortars or rocket launchers and, from their trajectories, locates the position on the ground of the weapon that fired it. Such radars are a subclass of the wider class of target acquisition radars. Early counter-battery radars were generally used against mortars, whose lofted trajectories were highly symmetrical and allowed easy calculation of the launcher's location. Starting in the 1970s, digital computers with improved calculation capabilities allowed more complex trajectories of long-range artillery to also be determined. Normally, these radars would be attached to friendly artillery units or their support units, allowing them to quickly arrange counter-battery fire. With the aid of modern communications systems, the information from a single radar can be rapidly disseminated over long distances. This allows the radar t ...
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COBRA (radar)
COBRA COunter Battery RAdar is a Counter-battery radar system developed jointly by Thales, Airbus Defence and Space and Lockheed Martin for the French, British and German Armed Forces. It is a mobile Active electronically scanned array 3D radar based on a wheeled chassis for the purpose of enemy field artillery acquisition. There are believed to be about 20,000 Gallium arsenide integrated circuits in each antenna. This enables the equipment to produce the locations of multiple enemy artillery at extremely long ranges, and the radar is able to cope with saturation type bombardments. In addition there is a high degree of automated software, with high speed circuitry and secure data transmission to escape detection from enemy electronic countermeasures. For the COBRA mid-life upgrade (2024+) an inertial navigation system from iMAR Navigation is used. Operators Current operators ; (10) : 10 purchased ; (9) : 12 purchased, one donated to Ukraine in 2022, 2 sold to Turkey. ...
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European Secure Software-defined Radio
European Secure Software-defined Radio (ESSOR) is a planned European Union (EU) Permanent Structured Cooperation project for the development of common technologies for European military software-defined radio systems, to guarantee the interoperability and security of voice and data communications between EU forces in joint operations, on a variety of platforms.Thomas Withington. Talking to Each Other. US Army and USMC Waveforms. // Military Technology. – 2018. - № 10. P. 70 - 73. History The project was based on United States' Software Communications Architecture and Joint Tactical Radio System, to which Thales was a major contributor. Germany initially did not participate in ESSOR, developing instead its own SDR system, Streitkräftegemeinsame, verbundfähige Funkgerät-Ausstattung. Consortium The work of development is being carried out by a consortium of private companies, one from each member country, including Thales Defense & Security, Thales (FR), Leonardo S.p.A., L ...
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Airbus A330 MRTT
The Airbus A330 Multi Role Tanker Transport (MRTT) is a European aerial refueling and military transport aircraft based on the civilian Airbus A330. A total of 15 countries have placed firm orders for approximately 82 aircraft, of which 64 had been delivered by 31 May 2025. A version of the A330 MRTT, the EADS/Northrop Grumman KC-45, was selected by the United States Air Force for its KC-X, aerial tanker replacement programme, but the programme was cancelled. Design and development The Airbus A330 MRTT is a military derivative of the Airbus A330, A330-200 airliner. It is designed as a dual-role air-to-air refuelling and transport aircraft. For air-to-air refuelling missions, the A330 MRTT can be equipped with a combination of any of the following systems: * Refuelling other aircraft ** Airbus Military Aerial Refuelling Boom System (ARBS) for Aerial refueling#Flying boom, receptacle-equipped receiver aircraft. ** Cobham plc, Cobham 905E under-wing refuelling pods for Aerial ...
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Eurodrone
The European Medium Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (MALE RPAS), or Eurodrone, is a twin-turboprop MALE UAV under development by Airbus, Dassault Aviation and Leonardo with a first flight expected by mid-2027. Orders for the system have been placed by Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Development On 18 May 2015, France, Germany and Italy launched a two-year European MALE RPAS study to define its operational capabilities, system requirements and preliminary design. Spain later joined the study. In November 2015, the program management was assigned to the European defence procurement agency OCCAR, with European Defence Agency support for air traffic integration and certification. The definition study was to be contracted in the first half of 2016, with potential development and production then aiming for a first delivery in 2025. A two-year definition study was launched in September 2016. Airbus, Dassault Aviation and Leonardo unveiled a full-sc ...
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Eurocopter Tiger
The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and Spain, the Tiger is known as the Tigre (which is French and Spanish for Tiger), while in Germany and Australia it is referred to as the Tiger. Development of the Tiger started during the Cold War, and it was initially intended as an anti-tank warfare, anti-tank helicopter platform to be used against a Soviet ground invasion of Western Europe. During its prolonged development period the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Soviet Union collapsed, changing the European security situation. France and Germany chose to proceed with the Tiger, developing it instead as a multirole attack helicopter. It achieved operational readiness in 2008. The Tiger has the distinction of ...
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