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Old History Of The Five Dynasties
The ''Old History of the Five Dynasties'' ( zh, t=舊五代史, pinyin=, p=Jiù Wǔdài Shǐ) was an official history mainly focusing on Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Five Dynasties era (907–960), which controlled much of northern China proper, China. And it also includes some history of other south states during the era. It was compiled by the Song dynasty official-scholar Xue Juzheng in the first two decades of the Song dynasty, which was founded in 960. It is one of the Twenty-Four Histories recognized through Chinese history. The book comprises 150 chapters, and was in effect divided into 7 books, they are: ''Book of Liang'' (24 volume), ''Book of Tang'' (50 volume), ''Book of Jin'' (24 volume), ''Book of Han'' (11 volume), ''Book of Zhou'' (22 volume), ''Biography, Liezhuan'' (7 volume) and ''Zhi'' (12 volume), respectively''.'' After the ''New History of the Five Dynasties'' by Ouyang Xiu was published, it was no longer popular. In the 12th century it was remov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xue Juzheng
Xue Juzheng ( – 12 July 981; courtesy name Ziping) was a scholar-official who successively served the Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou and Song dynasties. He was one of the chief ministers of the Song dynasty from 973 until his death. Xue is best known today for being the lead author of the monumental history book ''Old History of the Five Dynasties'' (974). During the Five Dynasties Born during the Later Liang, Xue Juzheng was said to be studious and ambitious from a young age. In 934 during the Later Tang Xue failed the imperial examination and wrote "An Essay to Dispel Sorrows" (), which was much praised. He passed the imperial examination the following year. After the Later Jin destroyed the Later Tang in 937, Xue served on the staff of Liu Suining (), the military governor of Hua Prefecture. In 941, he was recommended by Liu Suining's older cousin Liu Suiqing () and became a patrolling inspector for the Salt Monopoly. In 944, he served as a judge in the Bureau o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khitan People
The Khitan people (Khitan small script: ; ) were a historical Eurasian nomads, nomadic people from Northeast Asia who, from the 4th century, inhabited an area corresponding to parts of modern Mongolia, Northeast China and the Russian Far East. As a people descended from the proto-Mongols through the Xianbei, Khitans spoke the now-extinct Khitan language, a Para-Mongolic languages, Para-Mongolic language related to the Mongolic languages. The Khitan people founded and led the Liao dynasty (916–1125), which dominated a vast area of Siberia, Mongolia and Northern China. The Khitans of the Liao dynasty used two independent writing systems for their language: Khitan small script and Khitan large script. After the fall of the Liao dynasty in 1125 following the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)#Rise of the Jin and fall of the Liao, Jurchen invasion, many Khitans followed Yelü Dashi's group westward to establish the Qara Khitai or Western Liao dynasty, in Central Asia, which lasted nearly a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Zhijun (Later Liang)
Liu Zhijun (; died January 21, 918?''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 270.Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter), courtesy name Xixian (), nicknamed Liu Kaidao (劉開道, "Liu who opened the way"), was a general under Zhu Wen (Zhu Quanzhong) while Emperor Taizu was a major warlord during the late Tang dynasty and then during Emperor Taizu's reign in his new Later Liang. Later, fearing that Emperor Taizu was going to act against him, he defected, first to Qi, then to Former Shu. Former Shu's emperor Wang Jian (Emperor Gaozu), however, also was apprehensive of his talent and later had him executed. During the Tang dynasty It is not known when Liu Zhijun was born, but it is known that he was from Pei County. It was said that he had a handsome appearance and had great ambitions. He initially served under Shi Pu the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Ganhua Circuit (感化, headquartered in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu), and was highly regarded by Shi. However, his bravery and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Shifan
Wang Shifan () (874 – July 10, 908)''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 258.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 266.Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter was a warlord late in the Chinese , who ruled Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern , ) from 889 to 905 (formally, as its military governor ('' |
Shi Pu
Shi Pu (時溥) (d. May 9, 893Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 259.), formally the Prince of Julu (鉅鹿王), was a warlord of the late Tang dynasty, who controlled Ganhua Circuit (感化, headquartered in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu) as its military governor (''Jiedushi''). He was eventually defeated by Zhu Quanzhong's general Pang Shigu (龐師古), and committed suicide with his family. Background and seizure of Ganhua Circuit It is not known when Shi Pu was born, but it is known that he was from Pengcheng and served as an officer at Xu Prefecture (whose seat was at Pengcheng).''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 182. Both he and fellow officer Chen Fan () were favored by Zhi Xiang () the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Ganhua Circuit (感化, headquartered at Xu Prefecture).''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 254. In 881, after the agrarian rebel Huang Chao captured the imperial capital Chang'an, forcing then-ruling Emperor Xizong to flee, Zhi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Jin
Zhu Jin () (867–918) was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty who would later be a major general of the Wu (also known as Hongnong) state during the subsequent Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In the late Tang years, Zhu Jin, as the military governor (''jiedushi'') of Taining Circuit (泰寧, headquartered in modern Jining, Shandong) would form a power bloc with his cousin Zhu Xuan the military governor of Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong), but they were both eventually defeated by Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan). Zhu Xuan was killed, and Zhu Jin fled to the domain of Yang Xingmi the military governor of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu); he would thereafter serve under Yang and Yang's successors, whose domain formed the Wu state eventually. In 918, angry at the arrogance of the Wu junior regent Xu Zhixun (the son of the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Xuan
Zhu Xuan (朱瑄''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 182.'' History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 13.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 255. or 朱宣''New Book of Tang'', vol. 188.''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 42.) (d. 897) was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty, who, from 882 to 897, controlled Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong) as its military governor (''jiedushi''). He formed a power bloc with his cousin Zhu Jin, who ruled neighboring Taining Circuit (泰寧, headquartered in modern Jining, Shandong), and subsequently, they, along with their ally Shi Pu the military governor of Ganhua Circuit (感化, headquartered in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu), engaged in a lengthy war with their former ally Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan) that ravaged the countryside. By 897, all three had been defeated, and Zhu Xuan was captured and executed by Zhu Quanzhong. Background It is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Zhang (Zhu Quanzhong's Wife)
Lady Zhang (張夫人, personal name unknown; died 904), titled Lady of Wei () during her lifetime, later posthumously honored initially as Consort Zhang with the imperial consort title ''Xianfei'' () then as Empress Yuanzhen (元貞皇后, "the discerning and virtuous empress"), was the wife of Zhu Quanzhong, a major warlord at the end of the Chinese Tang dynasty, who would (after her death) found the Later Liang. Lady Zhang's son Zhu Youzhen would later be the final emperor of Later Liang. Background It is not known when Lady Zhang was born. She was from a rich household in Dangshan (碭山, in modern Suzhou, Anhui),'' New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 13. where Zhu Quanzhong was from as well.'' History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 1. Despite her family's wealth, she married Zhu Quanzhong (who was then still named Zhu Wen) before he became prominent. She was the mother of his fourth son Zhu Youzhen. During Zhu Quanzhong's campaigns After Zhu Quanzhong became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Youzhen
Zhu Zhen () (20 October 888 – 18 November 923), often referred to in traditional histories as Emperor Mo of Later Liang (後梁末帝, "last emperor") and sometimes by his princely title Prince of Jun (均王), né Zhu Youzhen (朱友貞), known as Zhu Huang (朱鍠) from 913 to 915, was the third and last emperor of China's Later Liang dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, ruling from 913 to 923. He ordered his general Huangfu Lin (皇甫麟) to kill him in 923 when Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (Li Cunxu), the emperor of Later Liang's enemy Later Tang to the north, was on the cusp of capturing the Later Liang capital Daliang. His death marked the end of Later Liang, which was to be the longest among the Five Dynasties. Despite his ten-year reign being the longest of all the Five Dynasties emperors (if one does not count Li Cunxu's reign as the Prince of Jin prior to taking imperial title) sources on his era are relatively scarce, as many Later Liang r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conquest Dynasties
A conquest dynasty () in the history of China refers to a Chinese dynasty established by non- Han ethnicities which ruled parts or all of China proper, the traditional heartland of the Han people, and whose rulers may or may not have fully assimilated into the dominant Han culture. Four major dynasties have been considered "conquest dynasties": the Liao (916–1125), the Jin (1115–1234), Yuan (1271–1368), and Qing (1644–1912). Concept The term "conquest dynasty" was coined by the German-American sinologist Karl August Wittfogel in his 1949 revisionist history of the Liao dynasty (916–1125). He argued that the Liao, as well as the Jin (1115–1234), Yuan (1271–1368), and Qing (1644–1912) dynasties of China were not really "Chinese", and that the ruling families did not fully assimilate into the dominant Han culture. The "conquest dynasty" concept was warmly received by mostly Japanese scholars such as Otagi Matsuo, who preferred to view these dynasties in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese History
The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area. Each region now considered part of the Chinese world has experienced periods of unity, fracture, prosperity, and strife. Chinese civilization first emerged in the Yellow River valley, which along with the Yangtze basin constitutes the geographic core of the Chinese cultural sphere. China maintains a rich diversity of ethnic and linguistic people groups. The traditional lens for viewing Chinese history is the dynastic cycle: imperial dynasties rise and fall, and are ascribed certain achievements. This lens also tends to assume Chinese civilization can be traced as an unbroken thread many thousands of years into the past, making it one of the cradles of civilization. At various times, states representative of a dominant Chinese culture have directly controlled areas stretching as far west as the Tian Shan, the Tarim Basin, and the Himalayas, as far north as the Sayan Mountains, and as far south ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shatuo
The Shatuo, or the Shatuo Turks (; also transcribed as Sha-t'o, Sanskrit SartZuev Yu.A., ''"Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuyao" of 8-10th centuries)"'', Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, I960, p. 127 (In Russian)) were a Turkic peoples, Turkic tribe that heavily influenced northern Chinese politics from the late ninth century through the tenth century. They are noted for founding three, Later Tang, Later Jin (Five Dynasties), Later Jin, and Later Han (Five Dynasties), Later Han, of the five dynasties and one, Northern Han, of the ten kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Northern Han would later be conquered by the Song dynasty. Sometime before the 12th century, the Shatuo disappeared as a distinct ethnic group, many of them having become acculturated and assimilating into the general population around them. Origins Chuyue The Shatuo tribe were descended mainly from the Western Turkic Khaganate, We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
