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Observer (other)
An observer is one who engages in observation or in watching an experiment. Observer may also refer to: Fiction * ''Observer'' (novel), a 2023 science fiction novel by Robert Lanza and Nancy Kress * ''Observer'' (video game), a cyberpunk horror video game * Observer (''Mystery Science Theater 3000''), a fictional television character * Observers, beings in the television show ''Fringe'' Music * "Observer", a song by Gary Numan on his album '' The Pleasure Principle'' * "The Observer", a track from The Flaming Lips' 1999 album '' The Soft Bulletin'' * The Observers, an alternative name for reggae session band Soul Syndicate Publications * ''The Observer'', a UK Sunday newspaper & magazine * ''The Observer'' (other), multiple publications including newspapers, magazines & fiction * ''The APS Observer'', a member magazine of the Association for Psychological Science (APS) Science and technology * Observer (general relativity) * Observer (quantum physics) * Observe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observation
Observation in the natural sciences is an act or instance of noticing or perceiving and the acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings, observation employs the senses. In science, observation can also involve the perception and recording of data via the use of scientific instruments. The term may also refer to any data collected during the scientific activity. Observations can be qualitative, that is, the absence or presence of a property is noted and the observed phenomenon described, or quantitative if a numerical value is attached to the observed phenomenon by counting or measuring. Science The scientific method requires observations of natural phenomena to formulate and test hypotheses. It consists of the following steps: # Ask a question about a phenomenon # Make observations of the phenomenon # Formulate a hypothesis that tentatively answers the question # Predict logical, observable consequences of the hypothesis that have not yet been inv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observer (general Relativity)
General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity, and as Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics. General relativity generalizes special relativity and refines Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or four-dimensional spacetime. In particular, the ''curvature of spacetime'' is directly related to the energy and momentum of whatever is present, including matter and radiation. The relation is specified by the Einstein field equations, a system of second-order partial differential equations. Newton's law of universal gravitation, which describes gravity in classical mechanics, can be seen as a prediction of general relativity for the almost flat spacetime geometry around stationary mass distributions. Some predictions of general relativity, howev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observer Effect (other)
Observer effect, observer bias, observation effect, or observation bias may refer to a number of concepts, some of them closely related: General experimental biases * Hawthorne effect, a form of reactivity in which subjects modify an aspect of their behavior, in response to their knowing that they are being studied * Observer-expectancy effect, a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to unconsciously influence the participants of an experiment * Observer bias, a detection bias in research studies resulting for example from an observer's cognitive biases * Observer's paradox, a situation in which the phenomenon being observed is unwittingly influenced by the presence of the observer. Physics * Observer effect (physics), the impact of observing a physical system * Probe effect, the effect on a physical system of adding measurement devices, such as the probes of electronic test equipment Computing * Heisenbug of computer programming, in which a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donald Alaster Macdonald
Donald Alaster Macdonald (6 June 1859 – 23 November 1932) was an Australian journalist and nature writer, writing under the pen names including 'Observer' and 'Gnuyang' (gossip).Hugh Anderson,Macdonald, Donald Alaster (1859–1932), ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'', Vol. 10, Melbourne University Press, 1986, p. 249. Retrieved 14 November 2010 He was considered one of Australia's widely known journalists, and is in the Melbourne Press Club's Australian Media Hall of Fame. He was credited with making 'Australian natural history and botany popular interests'. Early life Macdonald was born in Fitzroy, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, the elder son of Donald Macdonald (of Scottish–Canadian heritage) and his wife Margaret, ''née'' Harris. Macdonald was educated at the Keilor state school where he became a pupil-teacher in 1876. He later joined '' The Corowa Free Press'' and then the '' Melbourne Argus'' newspaper in 1881. On 26 February 1883 at Scots' Church, Melbourn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enneagram Of Personality
The Enneagram of Personality, or simply the Enneagram, is a pseudoscientific model of the human psyche which is principally understood and taught as a typology of nine interconnected personality types. The origins and history of ideas associated with the Enneagram of Personality are disputed. Contemporary approaches are principally derived from the teachings of the Bolivian psycho-spiritual teacher Oscar Ichazo from the 1950s and the Chilean psychiatrist Claudio Naranjo from the 1970s. Naranjo's theories were also influenced by earlier teachings about personality by George Gurdjieff and the Fourth Way tradition in the first half of the 20th century. As a typology, the Enneagram defines nine personality types (sometimes called "enneatypes"), which are represented by the points of a geometric figure called an '' enneagram'', in which indicate some of the principal connections between the types. There have been different schools of thought among Enneagram teachers and thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Observer
In control theory, a state observer, state estimator, or Luenberger observer is a system that provides an estimate of the state space (controls), internal state of a given real system, from measurements of the Input/output, input and output of the real system. It is typically computer-implemented, and provides the basis of many practical applications. Knowing the system state is necessary to solve many control theory problems; for example, stabilizing a system using Full state feedback, state feedback. In most practical cases, the physical state of the system cannot be determined by direct observation. Instead, indirect effects of the internal state are observed by way of the system outputs. A simple example is that of vehicles in a tunnel: the rates and velocities at which vehicles enter and leave the tunnel can be observed directly, but the exact state inside the tunnel can only be estimated. If a system is Observability, observable, it is possible to fully reconstruct the sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observer Pattern
In software design and software engineering, the observer pattern is a software design pattern in which an object, called the ''subject'' (also known as ''event source'' or ''event stream''), maintains a list of its dependents, called observers (also known as ''event sinks''), and automatically notifies them of any state (computer science), state changes, typically by calling one of their method (computer science), methods. The subject knows its observers through a standardized interface and manages the subscription list directly. This pattern creates a one-to-many dependency where multiple observers can listen to a single subject, but the coupling is typically synchronous and direct—the subject calls observer methods when changes occur, though asynchronous implementations using event queues are possible. Unlike the publish-subscribe pattern, there is no intermediary broker; the subject and observers have direct references to each other. It is commonly used to implement event ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observer (meteorological)
A meteorological observer, or weather observer, is a person authorized by a weather authority to make or record meteorological observations. They are technicians who are responsible for the accurate observation, rapid measurement, timely collection, recording, and timely submission of meteorological parameters and information and various atmospheric phenomena to the Meteorological Center. Surface, upper air, radar, and satellite are all forms of weather observations. Role Meteorological observers play a key role in many flood, drought, environmental and water resources applications. Whilst rainfall observations are most widely used, other parameters of interest include air temperatures, humidity and wind speeds. The main measurement techniques include raingauges, weather stations and weather radar, with satellite precipitation estimates playing an important role in data-sparse regions. METARs are generated by both government-owned and privately contracted facilities. The coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observer (special Relativity)
In special relativity, an observer is a frame of reference from which a set of objects or events are being measured. Usually this is an inertial reference frame or "inertial observer". Less often an observer may be an arbitrary non-inertial reference frame such as a Rindler frame which may be called an "accelerating observer". The special relativity usage differs significantly from the ordinary English meaning of "observer". Reference frames are inherently nonlocal constructs, covering all of space and time or a nontrivial part of it; thus it does not make sense to speak of an observer (in the special relativistic sense) having a location. Also, an inertial observer cannot accelerate at a later time, nor can an accelerating observer stop accelerating. Physicists use the term "observer" as shorthand for a specific reference frame from which a set of objects or events is being measured. Speaking of an observer in special relativity is not specifically hypothesizing an individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observer (quantum Physics)
Some interpretations of quantum mechanics posit a central role for an observer of a quantum phenomenon. The quantum mechanical observer is tied to the issue of Observer effect (physics)#Quantum mechanics, observer effect, where a measurement necessarily requires interacting with the physical object being measured, affecting its properties through the interaction. The term "observable" has gained a technical meaning, denoting a Hermitian operator that represents a measurement. Foundation The theoretical foundation of the concept of measurement in quantum mechanics is a contentious issue deeply connected to the many interpretations of quantum mechanics. A key focus point is that of wave function collapse, for which several popular interpretations assert that measurement causes a ''discontinuous change'' into an Eigenvalues and eigenvectors#Schr.C3.B6dinger equation, eigenstate of the operator associated with the quantity that was measured, a change which is not time-reversible. More ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association For Psychological Science
The Association for Psychological Science (APS), previously the American Psychological Society, is an international non-profit organization whose mission is to promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of human welfare. APS publishes several journals, holds an annual meeting, disseminates psychological science research findings to the general public, and works with policymakers to strengthen support for scientific psychology. History APS was founded in 1988 by a group of researchers and scientifically-oriented practitioners who were interested in advancing scientific psychology and its representation at the national and international level. This group felt that the American Psychological Association (APA) was not adequately supporting scientific research because it focused on the practitioner/clinician side of psychology, and had effectively "become a guild". Tensions between the scient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observer (novel)
''Observer'' is a 2023 science fiction novel by American medical doctor and scientist, Robert Lanza, and science fiction author, Nancy Kress. It is Lanza's first novel and Kress's first novel written in collaboration with another author. ''Observer'' is based on the concept of biocentrism, a theory proposed by Lanza in 2007, which states that the universe only comes into existence when there is consciousness to observe it. Plot summary Caroline (Caro) Soames-Watkins is a neurosurgeon who resigns her position at a Florida hospital after her accusation of sexual misconduct against a superior is dismissed and she becomes the target of a social media smear campaign. She is contacted by her great-uncle, Samuel Watkins, a Nobel Prize-winning scientist, who offers her a job as a surgeon at a secret medical research facility in the Cayman Islands. There she meets George Weigert, a physicist, and Julian Dey, a technology developer. She learns that using George's theories, they have de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
