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New York Shirtwaist Strike Of 1909
The New York shirtwaist strike of 1909, also known as the Uprising of the 20,000, was a labour strike primarily involving Jewish women working in New York shirtwaist factories. It was the largest strike by female American workers up to that date. Led by Clara Lemlich and the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, and supported by the National Women's Trade Union League of America (NWTUL), the strike began in November 1909. In February 1910, the NWTUL settled with the factory owners, gaining improved wages, working conditions, and hours. The end of the strike was followed only a year later by the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, which exposed the plight of immigrant women working in dangerous and difficult conditions. Background During the 20th century, American textile workers of all categories—and female textile workers in particular—were subjected to abysmal working conditions, marked by crowded, unsanitary facilities, long work days, and miserable wages. Product ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive with a respective county. The city is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the United States by both population and urban area. New York is a global center of finance and commerce, culture, technology, entertainment and media, academics, and scientific output, the arts and fashion, and, as home to the headquarters of the United Nations, international diplomacy. With an estimated population in 2024 of 8,478,072 distributed over , the city is the most densely populated major city in the United States. New York City has more than double the population of Los Angeles, the nation's second-most populous city. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Feigenbaum
Benjamin Feigenbaum (August 12, 1860 – November 10, 1932) was a Poland, Polish-born Jewish socialist, newspaper editor, translator, and satirist. Feigenbaum was an associate editor of the Yiddish language ''The Forward'', its predecessor ''Di Arbeter Tsaytung,'' and the literary monthly ''Di Tsukunft'', co-founder of the Workmen’s Circle, Workmen's Circle, and a pioneer of the Socialist Party of America. Early life Benjamin Feigenbaum was born to a prominent Hasidic Judaism, Chassidic family in Warsaw, Poland. He went to Yeshivah, but became a free-thinker. According to colleague Israel Joshua Singer, Feigenbaum's "conversion" to secularism happened when his teacher, the Ger (Hasidic dynasty), Gerer rebbe discovered that Feigenbaum was not wearing Tzitzit, tsitsit, a ritual garb. The rebbe beat him as a punishment. After moving to Belgium, he attended his first socialist protest in Antwerp in 1884. On December 25, 1886, his wife Matilda (''née:'' Kaminsky) gave birth to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fannia Cohn
Fannia Mary Cohn (April 5, 1885 – December 24, 1962) was a leading figure in the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) during the first half of the 20th century. She is remembered as one of the pioneers of the workers' education movement in the United States and as a prolific author on the theme of trade union education. Biography Early years Fannia Mary Cohn was born on April 5, 1885, to an ethnic Jewish family in Kletsk, Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire.Daniel Katz, ''All Together Different: Yiddish Socialists, Garment Workers, and the Labor Roots of Multiculturalism.'' New York: New York University Press, 2011; pg. 49. She was the fourth of five children of a successful owner of a flour mill and his wife.Huey B. Long and Constance Lawry"Fannia Mary Cohn: An Educational Leader in Labor and Workers' Education, Her Life and Times," in Rae Wahl Rohfeld (ed.), ''Breaking New Ground: The Development of Adult and Workers' Education in North America.'' Syracus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rose Schneiderman
Rose Schneiderman (April 6, 1882 – August 11, 1972) was a Polish-born American labor organizer, feminist, and one of the most prominent female labor union leaders. As a member of the New York Women's Trade Union League, she drew attention to unsafe workplace conditions, following the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of 1911, and as a suffragist she helped to pass the New York state referendum of 1917 that gave women the right to vote. Schneiderman was also a founding member of the American Civil Liberties Union and served on the National Recovery Administration's Labor Advisory Board under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. She is credited with coining the phrase " Bread and Roses," to indicate a worker's right to something higher than subsistence living. Early years Rose Schneiderman was born Rachel Rose Schneiderman on April 6, 1882, the first of four children of a religious Jewish family, in the village of Sawin, 14 kilometers (9 miles) north of Chełm in Russian Poland. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Party Of America
The Socialist Party of America (SPA) was a socialist political party in the United States formed in 1901 by a merger between the three-year-old Social Democratic Party of America and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party of America who had split from the main organization in 1899. In the first decades of the 20th century, the SPA drew significant support from many different groups, including trade unionists, Progressivism, progressive social reformers, Populism, populist farmers and immigrants. Eugene V. Debs twice won over 900,000 votes in presidential elections (1912 United States presidential election, 1912 and 1920 United States presidential election, 1920), while the party also elected two United States House of Representatives, U.S. representatives (Victor L. Berger and Meyer London), dozens of state legislators, more than 100 mayors, and countless lesser officials. The party's staunch American entry into World War I#In the United States, opposition to America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Women's Day
International Women's Day (IWD) is celebrated on 8 March, commemorating women's fight for equality and liberation along with the women's rights movement. International Women's Day gives focus to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and violence and abuse against women. Spurred by the universal female suffrage movement, International Women's Day originated from labor movements in Europe and North America during the early 20th century. The earliest version reported was a "Woman's Day" organized by the Socialist Party of America in New York City on 28 February 1909. In solidarity with them, communist activist and politician Clara Zetkin proposed the celebration of "Working Women's Day", approved at the 1910 International Socialist Women's Conference in Copenhagen, albeit with no set date; the following year saw the first demonstrations and commemorations of International Women's Day across Europe. Vladimir Lenin declared 8 March as International Women's Day in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clara Zetkin
Clara Zetkin (; ; ''née'' Eißner ; 5 July 1857 – 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist, communist activist, and advocate for women's rights. Until 1917, she was active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She then joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and its far-left wing, the Spartacist League, which later became the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). She represented that party in the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1933. Biography Background and education In July 1857, Clara Josephine Eißner (Eissner) was born the eldest of three children in , a peasant village in Saxony that is now part of the municipality of Königshain-Wiederau. Her father, Gottfried Eissner, was a schoolmaster, church organist and a devout Protestant. Her mother, Josephine Vitale, who had French roots, came from a middle-class family from Leipzig and was highly educated. In 1872, her family moved to Leipzig, where she was educated at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York Hippodrome
The Hippodrome Theatre, also called the New York Hippodrome, was a theater located on Sixth Avenue between West 43rd and West 44th Streets in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The theater operated from 1905 to 1939 and was called the world's largest theater by its builders, with a seating capacity of 5,300Shanor, Rebecca Read. "Hippodrome" in and a stage measuring . It had state-of-the-art theatrical technology, including a tank built into the stage apron that could be filled with water for aquatic performances. The Hippodrome was built by Frederic Thompson and Elmer "Skip" Dundy, creators of the Luna Park amusement park on Coney Island, with the backing of Harry S. Black's U.S. Realty, a dominant real estate and construction company of the time, and was acquired by The Shubert Organization in 1909. It became the stage for Billy Rose's ''Jumbo'' in 1935. Acts which appeared at the Hippodrome included numerous circuses, musical revues, Harry H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Civic Federation
The National Civic Federation (NCF) was an American economic organization founded in 1900 which brought together chosen representatives of big business and organized labor, as well as consumer advocates in an attempt to ameliorate labor disputes. It favored moderate progressive reform and sought to resolve disputes arising between industry and organized labor. The NCF ceased operations in 1950. History Background One of the earliest forerunners of the National Civic Federation was the Chicago Civic Federation (CCF), which was also known as the Civic Federation of Chicago, established in 1893. Ralph M. Easley, the CCF's gregarious head who wanted the NCF to "serve as a medium of sympathy and acquaintance between persons and societies who pursue various and differing vocations and objects, who differ in nationality, creed, and surrounding ndwho are unknown to each other." This federation of civic and reform leaders community took as its primary goal "to focus the new ideals of civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Kissam Vanderbilt
William Kissam Vanderbilt I (December 12, 1849 – July 22, 1920) was an American heir, businessman, philanthropist, and horse breeder. Born into the Vanderbilt family, he managed his family's railroad investments. Early life William Kissam Vanderbilt I was born on December 12, 1849, in New Dorp, New York, on Staten Island. His parents were Maria Louisa Kissam and William Henry Vanderbilt, the eldest son of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, an heir to his fortune and a prominent member of the Vanderbilt family who was List of richest Americans in history, the richest American after he took over his father's fortune in 1877 until his own death in 1885. He was the third of eight children born to his parents. His siblings were Cornelius Vanderbilt II, Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt Shepard, Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt, Emily Thorn Vanderbilt, Florence Adele Vanderbilt Twombly, Florence Adele Vanderbilt, Frederick William Vanderbilt, Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt Webb, Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alva Belmont
Alva Erskine Belmont (née Smith; January 17, 1853 – January 26, 1933), known as Alva Vanderbilt from 1875 to 1896, was an American multi-millionaire socialite and women's suffrage activist. She was noted for her energy, intelligence, strong opinions, and willingness to challenge convention. In 1909, she founded the Political Equality League to get votes for suffrage-supporting New York State politicians, wrote articles for newspapers, and joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). She later formed her own Political Equality League to seek broad support for suffrage in neighborhoods throughout New York City, and, as its president, led its division of New York City's 1912 Women's Votes Parade. In 1916, she was one of the founders of the National Woman's Party (NWP) and organized the first picketing ever to take place before the White House, in January 1917. She was elected president of the NWP, an office she held until her death. She was married twice, to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Morgan (philanthropist)
Anne Tracy Morgan (July 25, 1873 – January 29, 1952) was an American philanthropist who provided relief efforts in aid to France during and after World War I and II. Morgan was educated privately, traveled frequently and grew up amongst the wealth her father, banker J. P. Morgan, had amassed. She was awarded a medal from the National Institute of Social Science in 1915, the same year she published the story ''The American Girl''. In 1932 she became the first American woman appointed a commander of the French Legion of Honor. Early years Anne Tracy Morgan was born on July 25, 1873, at "Cragston" her family's country estate on the Hudson River at Highland Falls, New York, the youngest of four children born to John Pierpont Morgan and his wife, Frances Louisa ( Tracy) Morgan. Career In 1903, she became part owner of the Villa Trianon near Versailles, France, along with decorator and socialite Elsie De Wolfe and theatrical/literary agent Elisabeth Marbury. Morgan was instrument ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
