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National Question
''National question'' is a term used for a variety of issues related to nationalism. It is seen especially often in socialist thought and doctrine. In socialism * ''Social Democracy and the National Question'' by Vladimir Medem in 1904 * ''Social Democracy and the Nationalities Question'' by Otto Bauer in 1907 * ''The Nationalities Question'' by Rosa Luxemburg in 1909 * ''Theses on the National Question'', writings by Vladimir Lenin in 1913, first published in 1925 * ''The Problem of Nationalities'', Chapter 39 of Leon Trotsky's ''History of the Russia Revolution Volume 3: The Triumph of the Soviets'' * '' |
Nationalism
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History''. Polity, 2010. pp. 9, 25–30; especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance) over its homeland to create a nation-state. Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power. It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history, and to promote national unity or solidarity. N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thracian Question
The Thracian question is the question of the territory, population and historical heritage of Thrace. The Thracian question is part of the Eastern Question. History The Thracian question is an integral part of the Bulgarian national question and is a conditional indication of the struggle of the Bulgarians from Thrace to liberate them from Ottoman domination. The successful completion of the Eastern Rumelia Union with the Principality of Bulgaria in 1885 gave the struggling Thracians the hope that they would be able to achieve their liberation. They took an active part in the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising, or simply the Ilinden Uprising of August–October 1903 ( bg, Илинденско-Преображенско въстание, Ilindensko-Preobrazhensko vastanie; mk, Илинденско востание, ... in 1903. References {{Reflist * Любомир Милетич Разорението на тракийските бъ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Question
''Serbian question'' ( sr, / ) refers to several periods in Serbian history and diplomatic history. *Establishment of a Serb nation-state, leading up to the Serbian Revolution. *Official recognition of Revolutionary Serbia as the Principality of Serbia and international recognition (1815–1878). * Great Eastern Crisis (1875–78). *Pan-Slavism and Yugoslavism versus Pan-Serbism, in the Kingdom of Serbia and Serb community in Austria-Hungary. *Serb unification in the Balkan Wars and World War I, and Austrian thwarting of Serbian expansion and influence. *Creation of the Serbian Banovina in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1940. *Status of Serbia (and Serbs) within SFR Yugoslavia. *Serb unification in the Yugoslav Wars. See also *Creation of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia was a state concept among the South Slavic intelligentsia and later popular masses from the 19th to early 20th centuries that culminated in its realization after the 1918 collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schleswig-Holstein Question
Schleswig-Holstein (; da, Slesvig-Holsten; nds, Sleswig-Holsteen; frr, Slaswik-Holstiinj) is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig. Its capital city is Kiel; other notable cities are Lübeck and Flensburg. The region is called ''Slesvig-Holsten'' in Danish and pronounced . The Low German name is ''Sleswig-Holsteen'', and the North Frisian name is ''Slaswik-Holstiinj''. In more dated English, it is also known as ''Sleswick-Holsatia''. Historically, the name can also refer to a larger region, containing both present-day Schleswig-Holstein and the former South Jutland County (Northern Schleswig; now part of the Region of Southern Denmark) in Denmark. It covers an area of , making it the 5th smallest German federal state by area (including the city-states). Schleswig was under Danish control during the Viking Age, but in the 12th century it escaped full control a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Question (Quebec)
The national question (in french: la question nationale) is an expression referring to the discussion about the future status of Quebec within Canada, taking into consideration issues of autonomy, sovereignty, and independence. Various political positions in answer to the national question *Quebec sovereignty movement **Independence with an economic union with Canada **Independence without an economic union with Canada *Quebec federalism **Further autonomy within the Canadian federation, along with national recognition as a distinct society and autonomous province separate from other provinces in country ** Asymmetrical federalism ** Status quo See also *Politics of Quebec *1980 Quebec referendum * 1995 Quebec referendum Nationalism *État Québécois *Commission on the Political and Constitutional Future of Quebec *Robert Bourassa's speech on the end of the Meech Lake Accord *Quebec nationalism Sovereigntism *Sovereigntist events and strategies *Quebec sovereigntism Federal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Question
The Polish question ( pl, kwestia polska or ) was the issue, in international politics, of the existence of Poland as an independent state. Raised soon after the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century, it became a question current in European and American diplomacy throughout the 19th and parts of the 20th centuries. Historian Norman Davies notes that the Polish question is the primary lens through which most histories of Europe discuss the history of Poland, and was one of the most common topics of European politics for close to two centuries. The Polish question was a major topic at all major European peace conferences: at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, at the Versailles Conference in 1919, and at the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference in 1945. As Piotr Wandycz writes, "What to the Poles was the Polish cause, to the outside world was the Polish question." History After late-18th-century partitions of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ceased to exi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonian Question
The region of Macedonia is known to have been inhabited since Paleolithic times. Еarliest historical inhabitants The earliest historical inhabitants of the region were the Pelasgians, the Bryges and the Thracians. The Pelasgians occupied Emathia and the Bryges occupied northern Epirus, as well as Macedonia, mainly west of the Axios River and parts of Mygdonia. Thracians, in early times occupied mainly the eastern parts of Macedonia, (Mygdonia, Crestonia, Bisaltia). The Ancient Macedonians are missing from early historical accounts because they had been living in the southern extremities of the region – the Orestian highlands – since before the Dark Ages. The Macedonian tribes subsequently moved down from Orestis in the upper Haliacmon due to pressure from the Orestae. Ancient Macedonians The name of the region of Macedonia ( el, Μακεδονία, ''Makedonia'') derives from the tribal name of the ancient Macedonians ( el, Μακεδώνες, ''Makedónes''). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosul Question
The Mosul question was a territorial dispute in the early 20th century between Turkey and the United Kingdom (later Iraq) over the possession of the former Ottoman Mosul Vilayet. The Mosul Vilayet was part of the Ottoman Empire until the end of World War I, when it was occupied by Britain. After the Turkish War of Independence, the new Turkish Republic considered Mosul one of the crucial issues determined in the National Pact. Despite constant resistance, Britain managed to bring the issue into the international arena and to scale it down to a frontier problem between Turkey and Iraq. During the negotiations for the Treaty of Lausanne the Turkish side argued that the Kurds and Turks are not “racially separable“ and the Arabs constitute only an inferior part of the population. Turkey appealed for the populations right of Self Determination and claimed its majority wants to be a part of Turkey. The British responded that the Kurds are of Indo European and the Turks of Ural Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdish Question
Kurdish nationalism (, ) is a nationalist political movement which asserts that Kurds are a nation and espouses the creation of an independent Kurdistan from Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Early Kurdish nationalism had its roots in the Ottoman Empire, within which Kurds were a significant ethnic group. With the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, its Kurdish-majority territories were divided between the newly formed states of Turkey, Iraq, and Syria, making Kurds a significant ethnic minority in each state. Kurdish nationalist movements have long been suppressed by Turkey and the Arab-majority states of Iraq, Iran and Syria, all of whom fear a potential independent Kurdistan. Since the 1970s, Iraqi Kurds have pursued the goal of greater autonomy and even outright independence against the Iraqi nationalist Ba'ath Party regimes, which responded with brutal repression, including the massacre of 182,000 Kurds in the Anfal genocide. The Kurdish–Turkish conflict, where Kurdish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karelian Question
The Karelian question or Karelian issue ( fi, Karjala-kysymys, ) is a dispute in Finnish politics over whether to try to regain control over eastern Finnish Karelia and other territories ceded to the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War. Despite the name "Karelian question", the term may refer also to the return of Petsamo, ceded parts of Salla and Kuusamo, and four islands in the Gulf of Finland. Sometimes the phrase "debate on the return of the ceded territories" (, ) is used. The Karelian question remains a matter of public debate rather than a political issue. History The Karelian question arose when Finland was forced to cede territories to the Soviet Union after the Winter War in the Moscow peace treaty in 1940. Most Finnish citizens were evacuated from the ceded areas. Most of them returned during the Continuation War and eventually were evacuated again in 1944. The Soviet Union insisted the ceded areas be completely evacuated in 10 days. The evac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaliningrad Question
The Kaliningrad question (german: Kaliningrad-Frage or ; lt, Kaliningrado klausimas or ; pl, Kwestia Kaliningradu or ; russian: Калининградский вопрос, Kaliningradskiy vopros) is a political question concerning the status of Kaliningrad Oblast as an exclave of Russia, and its isolation from the rest of the Baltic region following the 2004 enlargement of the European Union. In Western media, the region is often discussed in relation to the deployment of missile systems, initially as a response to the deployment of missile defense systems in Poland and the Czech Republic. Russia views the region as a vital element of its ability to project power in the Baltic region. A fringe position also considers the return of the province to Germany from the Russian Federation, or its independence from both.Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle.If Russia Gets Crimea, Should Germany Get Kaliningrad?. ''The Moscow Times''. March 21, 2014. The former question is mostly hypothetic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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