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National Bloc Of Freedom
The National Bloc of Freedom (''Blocco Nazionale della Libertà'') was a short-lived Italian political coalition of monarchist parties, most of which participated to the foundation of the National Monarchist Party. Its symbol was a star. It contested the Italian elections of 1946, where it received a 3% of votes and elected 16 deputies, and lost the contemporaneous referendum about between republic or monarchy.The Republic won 54% of the electorate. Immediately after the election, the coalition collapsed between populist, monarchist and liberal approaches. Only 10 deputies joined the parliamentary group. In January 1947 the coalition definitely disappeared between the Common Man's Front (6 deputies), the Monarchist National Party (7 deputies) and the Italian Liberal Party The Italian Liberal Party ( it, Partito Liberale Italiano, PLI) was a liberal and conservative political party in Italy. The PLI, which is the heir of the liberal currents of both the Historical Right an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Monarchist Party
The Monarchist National Party ( it, Partito Nazionale Monarchico, PNM) was a political party in Italy founded in 1946, uniting conservatives, liberal conservatives and nationalists. It was a right-wing competitor to Christian Democracy and was especially strong in Southern Italy.Massimo L. Salvadori, ''Enciclopedia storica'', Zanichelli, Bologna 2000, pp. 1199–1200 History The party's best electoral result was in the 1953 general election, when the party scored 6.9% and came fourth after Christian Democracy, the Italian Communist Party and the Italian Socialist Party. In 1954 the party suffered a major split led by Achille Lauro, mayor of Naples from 1952 to 1957, who formed the People's Monarchist Party (PMP), which was closer to Christian Democracy.Michel Mourre, ''Dizionario enciclopedico di storia'', Mondadori, Milano 1988 In the 1958 general election, the PNM won 2.2% of the vote, while the rival PMP 2.6%. In 1959 the two monarchist parties joined the Italian Democra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchist
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism. Depending on the country, a royalist may advocate for the rule of the person who sits on the throne, a regent, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise occupy the throne but has been deposed. History Monarchical rule is among the oldest political institutions. The similar form of societal hierarchy known as chiefdom or tribal kingship is prehistoric. Chiefdoms provided the concept of state formation, which started with civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley civilization. In some parts of the world, chiefdoms became monarchies. Monarchs have generally ceded power in the modern era, having substantially diminished since W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Parties Established In 1946
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Liberal Party
The Italian Liberal Party ( it, Partito Liberale Italiano, PLI) was a liberal and conservative political party in Italy. The PLI, which is the heir of the liberal currents of both the Historical Right and the Historical Left, was a minor party after World War II, but also a frequent junior party in government, especially since 1979. The party disintegrated in 1994 following the fallout of the Tangentopoli corruption scandal, succeeded by several minor parties. History Origins The origins of liberalism in Italy are in the Historical Right, a parliamentary group formed by Camillo Benso di Cavour in the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia following the 1848 revolution. The group was moderately conservative and supported centralised government, restricted suffrage, regressive taxation, and free trade. They dominated politics following Italian unification in 1861 but never formed a party, basing their power on census suffrage and a first-past-the-post voting system. The R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchist National Party
The Monarchist National Party ( it, Partito Nazionale Monarchico, PNM) was a political party in Italy founded in 1946, uniting conservatives, liberal conservatives and nationalists. It was a right-wing competitor to Christian Democracy and was especially strong in Southern Italy.Massimo L. Salvadori, ''Enciclopedia storica'', Zanichelli, Bologna 2000, pp. 1199–1200 History The party's best electoral result was in the 1953 general election, when the party scored 6.9% and came fourth after Christian Democracy, the Italian Communist Party and the Italian Socialist Party. In 1954 the party suffered a major split led by Achille Lauro, mayor of Naples from 1952 to 1957, who formed the People's Monarchist Party (PMP), which was closer to Christian Democracy.Michel Mourre, ''Dizionario enciclopedico di storia'', Mondadori, Milano Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Man's Front
The Common Man's Front ( it, Fronte dell'Uomo Qualunque, UQ), also translated as Front of the Ordinary Man, was a short-lived right-wing populist, monarchist and anti-communist political party in Italy. It was formed shortly after the end of the Second World War and participated in the first post-war election for the constituent assembly in 1946. Its leader was the Roman writer Guglielmo Giannini, and its symbol was the banner of Giannini's newspaper ''L'Uomo qualunque'' ("The Common Man"). Position and structure The party opposed the broad alliance of anti-fascist parties united in the National Liberation Committees (CLN) and ranging from the Communists to the Christian Democrats as well as the occupation by the Allies. Leader Giannini found the difference between the disempowered fascists and the new rulers of the anti-fascist parties in the CLN negligible. For him, both camps were interested in abstract ideologies and social engineering rather than in the actual needs of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary Group
A parliamentary group, parliamentary party, or parliamentary caucus is a group consisting of some members of the same political party or electoral fusion of parties in a legislative assembly such as a parliament or a city council. Parliamentary groups may elect a parliamentary leader; such leaders are often important political players. Parliamentary groups often use party discipline to control the votes of their members. Some parliamentary systems allow smaller political parties, who are not numerous enough to form parliamentary groups in their own names, to join with other parties of differing ideologies (or with independent politicians) in order to benefit from rights or privileges that are only accorded to formally recognised groups. Such groups are termed technical groups. A ''parliamentary group'' in Swiss Federal Assembly is a political group with members from multiple parties. International terms Parliamentary groups correspond to " caucuses" in the United States Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for conservatism and for tradition in general, tolerance, and ... individualism". John Dunn. ''Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future'' (1993). Cambridge University Press. . Liberals espouse various views depending on their understanding of these principles. However, they generally support private property, market economies, individual rights (including civil rights and human rights), liberal democracy, secularism, rule of law, economic and political freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion. Liberalism is frequently cited as the dominant ideology of modern times.Wolfe, p. 23.Adams, p. 11. Liberalism became a distinct movement in the Age of Enlightenment, gaining popularity amon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Populist
Populism refers to a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against " the elite". It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment. The term developed in the late 19th century and has been applied to various politicians, parties and movements since that time, often as a pejorative. Within political science and other social sciences, several different definitions of populism have been employed, with some scholars proposing that the term be rejected altogether. A common framework for interpreting populism is known as the ideational approach: this defines ''populism'' as an ideology which presents "the people" as a morally good force and contrasts them against "the elite", who are portrayed as corrupt and self-serving. Populists differ in how "the people" are defined, but it can be based along class, ethnic, or national lines. Populists typically present "the elite" as comprising the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roberto Lucifero D'Aprigliano
Roberto Lucifero d'Aprigliano (16 December 1903 - 11 January 1993) was a lawyer who became an anti fascist partisan. As the war ended he turned to politics and journalism. In 1947/48 he briefly (and divisively) served as national secretary of the Italian Liberal Party. Life He was born in Rome. His father, Alfonso Lucifero was from Crotone in the south and served between 1886 and 1919 as a member of parliament. After the Badoglio Proclamation of 8 September 1943, Roberto Lucifero d'Aprigliano participated in the Roman resistance against the city's occupation by German forces, as a member of an underground monarchist group. In April 1944 he was captured by German Nazi paramilitaries and imprisoned in the Regina Coeli, from where he was released on 4 June 1944 as allied forces liberated Rome from the German occupation. A few days later he participated in the formation of the short-lived Italian Democratic Party (''Partito Democratico Italiano'', PDI), created through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1946 Italian Institutional Referendum
An institutional referendum ( it, referendum istituzionale, or ) was held in Italy on 2 June 1946, Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 a key event of Italian contemporary history. Until 1946, Italy had been a kingdom ruled by the House of Savoy, reigning royal house of Italy since the national unification in 1861 and previously rulers of the Duchy of Savoy. However, in 1922 the rise of Benito Mussolini and the creation of the fascist regime, which eventually resulted in engaging Italy in World War II alongside Nazi Germany, considerably weakened the role of the monarchy. Following the civil war and the Liberation of Italy from Axis troops in 1945, a popular referendum on the institutional form of the state was called and resulted in voters choosing the replacement of the monarchy with a republic. A Constituent Assembly was elected on the same day. As with the simultaneous Constituent Assembly elections, the referend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1946 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on Sunday, 2 June 1946.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 They were the first after World War II and elected 556 deputies to the Constituent Assembly. Theoretically, a total of 573 deputies were to be elected, but the election did not take place in the Julian March and in South Tyrol, which were under military occupation by the United Nations. For the first time, Italian women were allowed to vote in a national election. It was held concurrently with the 1946 Italian institutional referendum on the abolition of the monarchy. Electoral system To emphasise the restoration of democracy after the fascist era, a pure party-list proportional representation was chosen. Italian provinces were united in 31 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates.The number of seats for each constituency ranged from 1 for Aosta Valley to 36 for Milan. At constituency level, seats were divided between open l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
