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Membrane Bioreactor
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a combination of membrane processes like microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological wastewater treatment process, the activated sludge process. It is now widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.S. Judd, The MBR book (2006) Principles and applications of membrane bioreactors in water and wastewater treatment, Elsevier, Oxford In general, there are two different MBR configurations: the first, called a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR), and the second, which is known as a side stream membrane bioreactor. In the first configuration, the membrane is located inside the biological reactor, submerged in the wastewater, while in the latter configuration, the membrane is located outside the reactor, as an additional step after biological treatment. Overview Water scarcity implies the need to reuse it once it has been properly treated, thus guaranteeing environmental protection. Among the treatment technologies available to r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Membrane Technology
Membrane technology encompasses the scientific processes used in the construction and application of membranes. Membranes are used to facilitate the transport or rejection of substances between mediums, and the mechanical separation of gas and liquid streams. In the simplest case, filtration is achieved when the pores of the membrane are smaller than the diameter of the undesired substance, such as a harmful microorganism. Membrane technology is commonly used in industries such as water treatment, chemical and metal processing, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, the food industry, as well as the removal of environmental pollutants. After membrane construction, there is a need to characterize the prepared membrane to know more about its parameters, like pore size, function group, material properties etc, which are difficult to determine in advance. In this process, instruments such as the Scanning Electron Microscope, the Transmission electron Microscope, the Fourier Transform Infrar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
