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Maric Languages
Maran or Maric is an extinct branch of the Pama–Nyungan family of Australian languages formerly spoken throughout much of Queensland by many of the Murri peoples. The well attested Maric languages are clearly related; however, many languages of the area became extinct before much could be documented of them, and their classification is uncertain. The clear Maric languages are: : Bidyara (numerous varieties) : Biri (several varieties) : Warrungu (& Gugu-Badhun, Gudjal) :( Kingkel?): Darumbal Dharumbal was added by Bowern (2011); it had been classified in the Kingkel branch of Waka–Kabic. It is not clear if the other Kingkel language, Bayali, is also Maric; Bayali and Darumbal are not close. Unclassified languages Ngaro and Giya (Bumbarra), spoken on the coast, may also have been Maric, the latter perhaps a dialect of Biri. Of the interior, to the west, Breen (2007) writes of "Karna–Mari fringe" languages which are "a discontinuous group of languages, mostly poorly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marran Languages
The Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, also called Arnhem or Gunwinyguan, are a family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken across eastern Arnhem Land in northern Australia. Their relationship has been demonstrated through shared morphology in their verbal inflections. Many of the languages have a fortis–lenis contrast in plosive consonants. Lenis/short plosives have weak contact and intermittent voicing, while fortis/long plosives have full closure, a more powerful release burst, and no voicing. Languages Rebecca Green (2004) reconstructed the paradigms of 28 Proto-Arnhem verbs. The languages included by Green are as follows, though Green only accepts Maningrida as a demonstrated branch: *Maningrida ** Burarra ** Guragone ** Djeebbana ** Nakkara *? East Arnhem: ** Nunggubuyu **Ngandi ** Anindilyakwa (Enindhilyagwa)* *? Marran: ** Marra ** Warndarang † **? Yugul † **? Alawa* **? Mangarayi † * Kungarakany † * Gaagudju † *? Gunwinyguan (Gunwinyguan proper) ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngura Languages
Ngura is a disputed and possibly spurious ethnic and language designation of central Australia. The name 'Nura', short for Ngurawarla, means 'empty camp', referring to lands abandoned after a massacre. It is not a language or ethnic designation. Of the various language varieties that have gone by this name, all of which are extinct, Bowern (2001) classifies the Wilson River language of the 'modern' Galali/Garlali and Wangkumara-plus-Bundhamara/Punthamara (also known as or closely related to Ngandangara/Yarumarra) peoples as an Eastern Karnic language, while the Bulloo River language of the 'old' Garlali and Wangkumara remains an unclassified Karna–Mari 'fringe' language. Bidjara or less ambiguously 'Bitharra' (not to be confused with the Bidjara language of the Maric languages) may be another variety of Bulloo River, but there is not enough data to be sure. Bowern believes that Badjiri was probably a Maric language. Bowern (2001) said the data is too sketchy to be sure, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanda Language
Yanda is an extinct and nearly unattested Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , establishe .... It was apparently close to Guwa. References Maric languages Extinct languages of Queensland {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guwa Language
Guwa (Goa) is an extinct and nearly unattested Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland spoken by the Koa people The Koa (Guwa) are Australian Aboriginal people and Native Title Holders of land in the Upper Diamantina River catchment area in the state of Queensland that includes the towns of Winton, Kynuna, Corfield and Middleton. Name Tasaku Tsunoda a .... It was apparently close to Yanda. Phonology Consonants * Lateral sounds ̪, ɭmay have also been attested. Vowels Vowels are a three-vowel system /i, a, u/. References Maric languages Extinct languages of Queensland {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yiman Language
The Yiman language (also spelt Yeeman and Jiman) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. Ethnically the speakers were Bidjara; that and geography suggests that it may have been a Maric language, assuming it was a distinct language at all. It is attested in a word list collected by Meston and held in the State Library of Queensland, but as of 2014 the data had not been verified by the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Language revival Since 2017, the Central Queensland Language Centre has been working on helping to restore three languages from the region – Yiiman, Bayali (Byelle) and Taribelang. There is a language revival Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one. Those involved can include linguists, cultural or community groups, o ... project under way to document and revive the language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yirandhali Language
Yirandhali (Yirandali, Jirandali), also known as Pooroga, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Hughenden in Central Queensland. Yirandhali is a Pama–Nyungan language. Dixon (2002) speculates that it may belong in the Maric branch of that family, but further research is required before this can be verified, due to the limited lexical material that is available in the language.Dixon, Robert (2002) ''Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development''. . There is very little information available about the languages of this region. Oral recounts suggest that the town area of Hughenden was a place that was passed through rather than a place that was used as a regular campsite. The Flinders River is often a dry river bed. At the nearby Porcupine Gorge, in an area known locally as 'the Tattoos', there are signs of Aboriginal rock drawings. This area would have been a more reliable source of water. Classification A Pama–Nyungan language, Dixon (2002) speculat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhungaloo Language
Dhungaloo (Dungaloo) is a possibly extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. BowernBowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) suggests that it may have been a Maric language Maran or Maric is an extinct branch of the Pama–Nyungan family of Australian languages formerly spoken throughout much of Queensland by many of the Murri peoples. The well attested Maric languages are clearly related; however, many language .... However, AIATSIS has no listing for the name. References Maric languages Spurious languages Languages extinct in the 2010s Extinct languages of Queensland 2012 disestablishments in Australia {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barna Language
Biri, also known as Biria, Birri Gubba, Birigaba, Wiri, Perembba and other variants, is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Mackay area of Queensland spoken by the Birri Gubba people. There are at least eight languages regarded as dialects of Biri, and two which are related but whose status is not yet fully determined (see the table to the right). All are covered in this article. A grammar of Biri proper was written before the language became nearly extinct. some of the dialects have been undergoing a revival for some years. Dialects The following languages are regarded as confirmed dialects of Biri by the AUSTLANG database maintained by AIATSIS. Only one alternative name is given, for brevity; most have many more. All of these dialects appear to be extinct; AUSTLANG shows no speakers for any of them since 1975. *E38: Garaynbal (Garingbal) *E40: Gangulu (Kaangooloo) *E48: Baradha (Thar-ar-ra-burra) *E51: Yambina (Jampal) *E52: Yangga (Jangga) *E54: Yuwi (Juipera) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bindal Language
Bindal (''Bendalgubba, Nyawaygi'') is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of North Queensland. The Bindal language region included the area from Cape Cleveland extending south towards Ayr and the mouth of the Burdekin River, encompassing the landscape within the boundaries of the Townsville City Council and Burdekin Shire Council. Classification BowernBowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) suggests that it might have been a Maric language. Breen presumes that one of two Lower Burdekin languages, which he concluded were not Maric, is Bindal. Vocabulary Some words from the Bindal language, as spelt and written by Bindal authors include: * ''Adha'': yes * ''Andha'': saltwater * ''Bagaraga'': star * ''Barri'': stone * ''Bugan'': grass * ''Gadhara'': possum * ''Gamu'': water * ''Gunbana'': blood See also * Bindal people References External ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngaygungu Language
Ngaygungu (also known as Ngȋ-koong-ō) is a sleeping, Australian Aboriginal language originally spoken by the Ngaygungyi, for which a wordlist was recorded from Atherton in the Wet Tropics of Queensland by Walter Edmund Roth in October 1898, later also recorded by Norman Barnett Tindale in 1938, but no longer spoken by any living speakers. Phonology Vowels Ngȋ-koong-ō has the following vowels each pronounced as in English were the English vowels a, e, i, o to be marked for length. Consonants Ngȋ-koong-ō has twelve consonant In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. Examples are and pronounced with the lips; and pronounced with the front of the tongue; and pronounced wi ...s as follows: each pronounced as they would be in English. See also * Ngaygungu people References Maric languages Extinct languages of Queensland Unclassified languages of Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badjiri Language
Badjiri is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language once spoken by the Badjiri people of southern Queensland. Bowern suspects it's a Maric language. Bowern (2001) said the data was too sketchy to be sure, but Bowern (2011) assigned it to Maric without comment. References *Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. ''Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.'' Cambridge University Press *{{cite book, author=Bowern, Claire , year=2001 , url=https://yale.academia.edu/ClaireBowern/Papers/1002425/Karnic_classification_revisited , chapter=Karnic classification revisited , editor=J Simpson , title=Forty years on , pages=245–260 , publisher=Canberra Pacific Linguistics , archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103181833/http://yale.academia.edu/ClaireBowern/Papers/1002425/Karnic_classification_revisited , archivedate=2021-11-03 , display-editors=etal , url-status=dead External links Bibliography of Badjiri language and people resources at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Tor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulloo River Language
Kalali, also written Kullili, Galali, Garlali, Kullilla and other variants, is a poorly attested Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of several geographically transitional "Karna– Mari fringe" languages that have not been convincingly classified, and is best considered an isolate branch within the Pama–Nyungan family. Gavan Breen provisionally includes Minkabari and the Ngura dialect Pitjara/Bidjara/Bitharra, which together have been called the Bulloo River language. Breen is partly responsible for the variation in the spelling of the name 'Kalali'. The forms ''Garlali'' and ''Galarli'' are due to what he now considers a non-distinctive instance of retroflex ''rl'', and he prefers the spelling ''Kalali''. People and language Both the Kalali and the Wanggumara people apparently lived by the Bulloo River and the Wilson River in South West Queensland. There is some debate whether they originated by the Bulloo River and migrated to the Wilson River or vice versa. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
