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Malekula Interior Languages
The Malakula languages are a group of Central Vanuatu languages spoken on Malakula Island in central Vanuatu. Unlike some earlier classifications, Lynch (2016) considers the Malakula languages to form a coherent group. Classification Lynch (2016) divides the Malakula languages into three primary subgroups, namely ''Northern'', ''Eastern'', and ''Western'', all three of which are linkages. Lynch (2016) recognizes 32 languages. *Northern ** Malua Bay **North Coast ***Nese *** Botovro ***Vovo, Vao *Eastern **Uripiv ** Unua ** Aulua ** Banam Bay **Southeastern *** Bwenelang *** Nasvang, Nisvai *** Port Sandwich, Avok, Axamb *** Maskelynes *Western **Central Western *** Neve'ei *** Larëvat *** Naman **Peripheral Western *** Ninde *** Nāti ***Northwestern **** V'ënen Taut **** Tape **** Tirax ***Southwestern **** Lendamboi **** Aveteian **** Navwien **** Avava **** Nasarian **** Naha'ai, Nahavaq The Central-Western linkage is only very weakly defined, while Ninde and Nāti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malakula
Malakula Island, also spelled Malekula, is the second-largest island in the nation of Vanuatu, formerly the New Hebrides, in Melanesia, a region of the Pacific Ocean. Location Malakula is separated from the islands of Espiritu Santo and Malo by the Bougainville Strait. Lakatoro, the capital of Malampa Province, is situated on Malakula’s northeastern shore and is the largest settlement on the island. Just off the northeastern coast of Malakula, there is a group of islands called the ''Small Islands'', including, in order from north to south: Vao, Atchin, Wala, Rano, Norsup, Uripiv, and Uri. Also off the coast: Tomman Island to the southwest; Akhamb Island to the south; and the Maskelynes Islands to the southeast (including Sakao Island and Uluveo). Malakula has a maximum elevation of 879 m. Its peak is called Mt. Liambele. In 1768, Louis Antoine de Bougainville gave his name to the straits that separate Malakula from Santo. History Malakula was inhabited for centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasvang Language
Nasvang is an Oceanic language spoken in southeast Malekula, Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of ...,. by about 275 speakers.Lynch, John & Terry Crowley. 2001. ''Languages of Vanuatu: A new survey and bibliography''. Canberra: Australian National University. The languages surrounding Nasvang include, or used to include, Port Sandwich, Nisvai, Sörsörian, Axamb and Navwien. References Malekula languages Languages of Vanuatu {{SOceanic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirax Language
Tirax (Dirak, Mae) is an Oceanic language spoken in north east Malakula, Vanuatu. Tirax homeland The name ''Tirax'' refers to ‘inland person’. The original homeland of the Tirax speakers is the mountainous interior of North Central Malakula, neighbouring Big Nambas. As the Tirax speakers embraced Christianity in the early twentieth century, they began to migrate towards the east coast, where they founded the villages of Mae, Rori and Bethel. Alternative names Tirax speakers often refer to their own language as ''resan'', "language, speech", or ''Resan Tirax''. ''Tirax'' is called “Dirak” by the speakers of Northeast Malakula. ''Dirak'' is the name used to refer to Tirax in John Lynch and Terry Crowley’s 2001, ''Languages of Vanuatu: A New Survey and Bibliography.'' Because it is the language of Mae village, the Tirax language is referred to as "Mae" in the Ethnologue listing, and also in Darrell Tryon's 1976, ''New Hebrides languages: An internal classification.' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tape Language
Tape, also known as Maragus, is a nearly extinct Southern Oceanic language of Vanuatu. The population of speakers of the Tape language is reduced to approximately 15 speakers who are among the older generations. The language is part of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian Language family. The Vanuatu Islands are not the original location of where the Tape language was spoken in the past. The original location was located in an area in Malakula, including the coast from Anuatakh to Lowinsinwei, the area between the Lowisinwei River valley, the eastern bank of the Brenwei River, and a mountain in the south known as Pwitarvere. Since part of the Tape territory was close to the ocean, it allowed the people living in the area to harvest salt which was used to trade with the Tirakh people. However, the Tape people mostly lived their lives "towards the bush," meaning their lives were more oriented towards the land even though they had access to the ocean. This is shown i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
V'ënen Taut Language
Big Nambas ( native name ''V'ənen Taut'') is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by about people () in northwest Malekula, Vanuatu. Approximately nineteen villages in the Big Nambas region of the Malekula Interior use the language exclusively with no variation in dialect. It was studied in-depth over a period of about 10 years by missionary Dr. Greg. J. Fox, who published a grammar and dictionary in 1979. A Big Nambas translation of the Holy Bible has been completed recently by Andrew Fox. Phonology The consonant phonemes of Big Nambas are as shown in the following table: * are aspirated word finally. is not noted as behaving likewise. * are rounded before the front vowels * The voiced fricatives are devoiced word initially and finally. * is realized as word finally or when adjacent to , and as when adjacent to word medially. Big Nambas has a 5-vowel system with the following phonemes: Big Nambas has a complex syllable structure with a large amount of consona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naati Language
The National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters Ltd (known as NAATI) is the national standards and accreditation body for translators and interpreters in Australia. NAATI's mission, as outlined in the NAATI Constitution, is to set and maintain high national standards in translating and interpreting to enable the existence of a pool of accredited translators and interpreters responsive to the changing needs and demography of the Australian community. The core focus of the company is issuing certification for practitioners who wish to work as translators and interpreters in Australia. NAATI Certification NAATI certification provides quality assurance to the consumers of translators and interpreting services and gives credibility to agencies that engage certified practitioners. Previous NAATI credentials There are some translators and interpreters who decided not to transition to the new certification scheme introduced by NAATI in January 2018. If there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ninde Language
Ninde, or Labo (also ''Nide, Meaun, Mewun'') is an Oceanic language spoken by about 1,100 people in the Southwest Bay area of Malekula island, in Vanuatu. One unusual feature is that it has both a voiced and a voiceless bilabial trill. Linguistlist.org. Retrieved on 2010-12-08. In popular culture In an episode of the British television programme '''', meets the chief of a local tribe, who comments upon the Ninde language. He explains that “all the words of Ninde begin with /n/”, such as ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naman Language
Litzlitz, also known as Naman, is an endangered Oceanic language of central Malakula, Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of .... Many of the languages in Malakula can be referred to by different names, Litzlitz being an example of this. Naman was spoken in central Malakua in an area referred to as the "Dog's Neck" by the locals. The territory over which the Naman language was spoken is about 13 kilometers. This language once had many speakers, but now has been classified as a dying language with only fifteen to twenty native speakers. Native Naman speakers who one resided in the small villages of Metenesel in the Lambumbu area of Malakula had moved to what is now known as the Litzlitz village. They had moved because of diseases such as influenza and other epidemic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larëvat Language
Larëvat is an Oceanic language of central Malekula, Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of .... The current population of Larëvat-speaking villages is estimated at around 675 speakers. They are located around Losinwei, which is also known as the "neck of the dog" due to the island looking like a sitting dog. References Malekula languages Languages of Vanuatu {{SOceanic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neve'ei Language
Neve’ei (), also known as Vinmavis, is an Oceanic language of central Malekula, Vanuatu.Musgrave 2007, p. 3 There are around 500 primary speakers of Neve’ei and about 750 speakers in total. Neve’ei was described for the first time by Jill Musgrave, in a monograph published in 2007: ''A grammar of Neve’ei, Vanuatu''. This book is the source for the data and analyses below. Name of the language The traditional name of the language, which is recognized by older speakers, is Neveʻei. However, the majority of younger speakers of Neve’ei do not use the traditional name and some are not even aware of it. Native speakers commonly refer to their language as ''Nabusian teget'' which literally means “our language” and in Bislama the language (Neveʻei) is called ''Lanwis Vinmavis'' “the language of Vinmavis”. Neveʻei is the traditional name for the language; Vinmavis is the name of one of the villages in which the language is spoken in (Lynch and Crowley 2001:83). Pho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maskelynes Language
Maskelynes (), or Kuliviu (Uliveo), is an Oceanic language spoken on the Maskelyne Islands off south Malekula, Vanuatu. Phonology Consonants * are in free variation as unreleased or unvoiced word-finally or before a consonant ** is also in free variation as nasal word-finally, especially among young speakers * is realized as a voiceless among some speakers, especially young * are unreleased word-finally or before a consonant (though has never been recorded before a consonant) * lose their labialization word-finally when not followed by a vowel and before ** is in free variation as trilled (tapped in Peskarus) before and sometimes before * is before voiced consonants * are [] before voiceless consonants and word-finally * is in free variation with for some speakers * are vocalic when in Syllable nucleus, nucleus following Vowels * is near-close between front consonants * is Close-mid vowel, close-mid word-finally * is after labiovelarized c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axamb Language
Ahamb, also spelled Axamb or Akhamb is an Oceanic language spoken in South Malakula, Vanuatu.Rangelov, Tihomir. 2020''A grammar of the Ahamb language (Vanuatu)'' Hamilton, New Zealand, University of Waikato. PhD thesis. Ahamb has around 1000 speakers, most of whom reside on the small low-lying Ahamb Island and the nearby Malekula mainland. The language is endangered due to a number of factors, including climate change and environmental factors. Linguist Tihomir Rangelov published a grammatical description of Ahamb in 2020. The language Phonology Ahamb’s phonology is characterised by distinctive prenasalisation in its plosives and trills. There are four contrastive trills, including the typologically rare plain bilabial trill. The vowel inventory is also relatively large compared to other related languages, with eight contrastive vowels. Grammar Nouns in Ahamb are classified as common, personal and local. They can also be classified as alienable and inalienable, which cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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