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Minkhaung II Of Toungoo
Minkhaung II of Toungoo (, ; 1520s–1584) was List of rulers of Toungoo, viceroy of Toungoo (Taungoo) from 1549 to 1551 and from 1552 to 1584 during the reigns of kings Tabinshwehti, Bayinnaung and Nanda Bayin, Nanda of Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). He briefly revolted against his eldest half-brother Bayinnaung from 1550 to 1551 but was pardoned by Bayinnaung. Alongside his brothers Bayinnaung, Minye Sithu of Martaban, Minye Sithu, Thado Dhamma Yaza II of Prome, Thado Dhamma Yaza II, Thado Minsaw of Ava, Thado Minsaw and his nephew Nanda, he fought in nearly every campaign between 1552 and 1584 that rebuilt, expanded and defended the Toungoo Empire. Minkhaung II is sometimes referred to as the basis for Taungoo Mingaung, one of the Thirty Seven nat (spirit), Nats in the official pantheon of Burmese spirits although the actual basis may have been Minkhaung I of Toungoo. Early life He was born Zeya Nanda ()Chronicles are inconsistent with the name Zeya Nanda. ''Maha Yazawin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Toungoo
This is a list of rulers of Taungoo, the predecessor principality of the Taungoo Dynasty of what is now Myanmar. The principality of Taungoo, at the edge of the realm of Upper Burma-based kingdoms, was a rebellion-prone vassal state. The region was ruled by hereditary viceroys as well as appointed governors, depending on the power of the high king at Pinya, and later Inwa (Ava). Many of the rulers of Taungoo were assassinated while in office, and a few others died in action, showing the frontier nature of the region. The high kings at Ava at times had only nominal control or no control in many stretches.Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 10–13 After 1612, the office of viceroy at Taungoo became a mere appointed governorship as the Restored Taungoo kings abolished then existing hereditary viceroyships throughout the entire Irrawaddy valley.Lieberman 2003: 161–162 Origins The first recorded administration of the Taungoo region came in 1191 when King Narapatisithu, Sithu II appointed Ananda Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burma
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon). Early civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language and culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bago, Burma
Bago (formerly spelled Pegu; , ), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is a city and the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located north-east of Yangon. Etymology The Burmese name Bago (ပဲခူး) is likely derived from the Mon language place name Bagaw (, ). Until the Burmese government renamed English place names throughout the country in 1989, Bago was known as Pegu. Bago was formerly known as Hanthawaddy (; ; ; lit. "she who possesses the sheldrake"), the name of a Burmese-Mon kingdom. An alternative etymology from the 1947 Burmese Encyclopedia derives Bago (ပဲခူး) from Wanpeku () as a shortening of Where the Hinthawan Ducks Graze (). This etymology relies on the non-phonetic Burmese spelling as its main reasoning. History Establishment Various Mon language chronicles report widely divergent foundation dates of Bago, ranging from 573 CE to 1152 CEA version of the 18th century chronicle '' Slapat Rajawan'' as reported by Arthur Pha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toungoo–Mrauk-U War (1545–1547)
The Toungoo–Mrauk-U War () was a military conflict that took place in Arakan (present-day Rakhine State of Myanmar) from 1545 to 1547 between the Toungoo Dynasty and the Kingdom of Mrauk U. The western kingdom successfully fended off the Toungoo invasions, and kept its independence. The war had a deterrence effect: Mrauk U would not see another Toungoo invasion until 1580. The war's origins can be traced back to 1542 when King Min Bin of Mrauk U provided military support on the side of the Kingdom of Ava in the Toungoo–Ava War (1538–45). Although Min Bin left the alliance in the same year, King Tabinshwehti of Toungoo was determined to repay the favor. In 1545, Tabinshwehti agreed to aid Min Aung Hla, the former Viceroy of Thandwe, who had been removed from office by Min Bin. In October 1545, Tabinshwehti sent a 4000-strong army but it was promptly driven back. A much larger naval and land forces (combined 19,000 troops) of Toungoo tried again in the following dry seas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhamma Dewi Of Toungoo
Dhamma Dewi (, ; ) was one of three principal queens of King Tabinshwehti of Toungoo Dynasty and the elder sister of King Bayinnaung. She was born Khin Hpone Soe (, ), a commoner daughter of royal servants of Prince Tabinshwehti. In November 1530, the prince ascended to the throne as king, and raised her as one of his two principal queens.Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 127 The queen, who was at least a year older than the king, is said to have been the king's favorite until 1545 when the king raised Khay Ma Naw as his co-chief queen.Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 209–210 She lived out her life in Toungoo (Taungoo), and was still alive in 1577. She attended the umbrella raising ceremony of the Maha Wizaya Pagoda by Bayinnaung in Pegu (Bago), which took place on 27 April 1577. Her brother then honored her in a separate ceremony.Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 61 References Bibliography * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Dhamma Dewi Chief queens consort of Toungoo dynasty 16th-century Burmese women [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hmannan Yazawin
''Hmannan Maha Yazawindawgyi'' (, ; commonly, ''Hmannan Yazawin''; known in English as the ''Glass Palace Chronicle'') is the first Burmese chronicle, official chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). It was compiled by the Royal Historical Commission of Burma, Royal Historical Commission between 1829 and 1832.Hla Pe 1985: 39–40 The compilation was based on several existing chronicles and local histories, and the inscriptions collected on the orders of King Bodawpaya, as well as several types of poetry describing epics of kings. Although the compilers disputed some of the earlier accounts, they by and large retained the accounts given ''Maha Yazawin'', the standard chronicle of Toungoo Dynasty. The chronicle, which covers events right up to 1821, right before the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826), was not written purely from a secular history perspective but rather to provide "legitimation according to religious criteria" of the monarchy. The "most important develop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maha Yazawin
The ''Maha Yazawin'', fully the ''Maha Yazawindawgyi'' (, , Pali : Mahārājavaṃsa) and formerly romanized as the ,. is the first national chronicle of Burma/Myanmar. Completed in 1724 by U Kala, a historian at the Toungoo court, it was the first chronicle to synthesize all the ancient, regional, foreign and biographic histories related to Burmese history. Prior to the chronicle, the only known Burmese histories were biographies and comparatively brief local chronicles. The chronicle has formed the basis for all subsequent histories of the country, including the earliest English language histories of Burma written in the late 19th century.Myint-U 2001: 80Lieberman 1986: 236 The chronicle starts with the beginning of the current world cycle according to Buddhist tradition and the Buddhist version of ancient Indian history, and proceeds "with ever increasing detail to narrate the political story of the Irrawaddy basin from quasi-legendary dynasties to events witnessed by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minkhaung I Of Toungoo
Minkhaung I of Toungoo ( ) was viceroy of Toungoo from 1446 to 1451. Having accidentally inherited the Toungoo throne after his father's sudden death, Minkhaung proved an ineffectual ruler of this perpetually unruly frontier vassal state of Ava Kingdom. He was assassinated in early 1452 by a servant of his cousin Minye Kyawhtin, who went on to seize Toungoo in his rebellion against King Narapati I of Ava.Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 32–33 All royal chronicles starting with the ''Maha Yazawin'' chronicle, identify Minkhaung I of Toungoo as an ancestor (paternal great-great grandfather) of King Bayinnaung of Toungoo Dynasty.Thaw Kaung 2010: 118–119 He may also be the historical basis for the Taungoo Mingaung '' nat'' of the Thirty Seven Nats, the official pantheon of traditional Burmese spirits. Note that at least one writer, Hla Thamein, has identified Minkhaung II of Toungoo Minkhaung II of Toungoo (, ; 1520s–1584) was List of rulers of Toungoo, viceroy of Toungoo (Taungoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nat (spirit)
The nats (; MLC Transcription System, MLCTS: ''nat''; ) are god-like spirits venerated in Myanmar and neighbouring countries in conjunction with Buddhism. They are divided between the 37 ''Great Nats'' who were given that status by Anawrahta, King Anawrahta when he formalized the official list of nats. Most of the 37 ''Great Nats'' were human beings who met violent deaths. There are two types of ''nats'' in Burmese Belief: ''nat sein'' () which are humans that were deified after their deaths and all other nats which are spirits of nature (spirits of water, trees etc.). Much like sainthood, ''nats'' can be designated for a variety of reasons, including those only known in certain regions in Burma. ''Nat'' worship is less common in urban areas than in rural areas and is practised among List of ethnic groups in Myanmar, ethnic minorities of Myanmar as well as in mainstream Bamar people, Bamar society. However, it is among the Theravada, Theravada Buddhist Bamar that the most highly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taungoo Mingaung
Taungoo Mingaung ( ) is one of the Thirty Seven '' nats'' in the official pantheon of Burmese ''nats''. He is portrayed sitting crosslegged on a simple couch wearing royal garments, holding a fan in his right hand and resting his left hand on his knee.Hla Thamein, No. 35 Shin Mingaung of Taungoo According to the writer Hla Thamein, he is the ''nat'' representation of Minkhaung II, who was viceroy of Taungoo (r. 1549–1551, 1552–1584) and the third younger brother of King Bayinnaung of Taungoo dynasty. However, Minkhaung II died of natural causes whereas Viceroy Minkhaung I Minkhaung I of Ava ( ; also spelled Mingaung; 1373–1421) was king of Ava Kingdom, Ava from 1400 to 1421. He is best remembered in History of Myanmar, Burmese history for his epic struggles against King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hantha ... (r. 1446–1451) was brutally assassinated (repeatedly hacked to death by sword).Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 32–33 Since death from violent murders is a leitmotif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toungoo Empire
The First Toungoo Empire (, , lit. "Toungoo Period"; also known as the Second Burmese Empire in traditional historiography, or simply the Taungoo dynasty) was the dominant power in mainland Southeast Asia in the second half of the 16th century. At its peak, Toungoo "exercised suzerainty from present-day Assam, Manipur to the Cambodian marches and from the borders of Kingdom of Mrauk U, Arakan to Yunnan" and was the largest empire and the only great power country in the history of Southeast Asia." The "most adventurous and militarily successful" dynasty in History of Myanmar, Burmese history was also the "shortest-lived." The empire grew out of the principality of Toungoo, a minor vassal state of Ava Kingdom, Ava until 1510. The landlocked petty state began its rise in the 1530s under Tabinshwehti who went on to found the largest polity in Myanmar since the Pagan kingdom by 1550. His more celebrated successor Bayinnaung then greatly expanded the empire, conquering much of mainl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
