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Marine Hose Cartel
The marine hose cartel was a cartel of six international suppliers of marine hoses (rubber hoses used to load or unload oil tankers in marine transfer operations). The cartel existed at least from 1986 and was uncovered in 2006, when one of the member companies provided information to authorities. The cartel operated by price fixing, bid rigging and market allocation. In 2009, the European Union imposed total fines of 131 million Euros on the member companies; one of these fines was later reduced by 19 million Euros by the courts. By 2010, the U.S. Department of Justice had also levied fines of $12.3 million against four of the companies. Several individuals involved in the cartel received prison sentences in the UK and the US. Cartel members * Bridgestone Corporation * Yokohama Rubber Company * Dunlop Oil & Marine Ltd, belonging to Continental AG * Trelleborg Industries SAS, belonging to Trelleborg AB * Parker ITR Srl, belonging to Parker Hannifin * Manuli Rubber Industries Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartel
A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. Cartels are usually associations in the same sphere of business, and thus an alliance of rivals. Most jurisdictions consider it anti-competitive behavior and have outlawed such practices. Cartel behavior includes price fixing, bid rigging, and reductions in output. The doctrine in economics that analyzes cartels is cartel theory. Cartels are distinguished from other forms of collusion or anti-competitive organization such as corporate mergers. Etymology The word ''cartel'' comes from the Italian word '' cartello'', which means a "leaf of paper" or "placard", and is itself derived from the Latin ''charta'' meaning "card". The Italian word became ''cartel'' in Middle French, which was borrowed into English. In English, the word was originally used for a written agreement between warring nations to regulate the treatment and exchange ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trelleborg Industries SAS
Trelleborg () is a town in Skåne County, Sweden, with 43,359 inhabitants as of December 31, 2015. It is the southernmost town in Sweden located some west from the southernmost point of Sweden and the Scandinavian peninsula. It is one of the most important ferry towns in Scandinavia as well as around the Baltic Sea, and the main town of the Söderslätt agricultural areas. Etymology The first written record of the name is from 1257, ''Threlæburgh''. The name is found in many places in Scandinavia. ''Borg'' means ''castle'' or ''stronghold'' and ''träl'' can mean thrall, but can also refer to the leaning poles on the outside of the medieval Viking stronghold. Remains of the original stronghold were excavated in 1988. The name may also have originated from the stronghold that still remains in the center of the city. Strongholds like that have been found at several places around Scandinavia, mostly in the south of Sweden and Denmark, and are all called trelleborgs. The name is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Office Of Fair Trading
The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) was a non-ministerial government department of the United Kingdom, established by the Fair Trading Act 1973, which enforced both consumer protection and competition law, acting as the United Kingdom's economic regulator. The OFT's goal was to make markets work well for consumers, ensuring vigorous competition between fair dealing businesses and prohibiting unfair practices such as rogue trading, scams, and cartels. Its role was modified and its powers changed with the Enterprise Act 2002. The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) announced reforms to the consumer protection and competition regimes. Under the provisions of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) was established on 1 April 2014, combining many of the functions of the OFT and the Competition Commission and superseding both. Regulation for the consumer credit industry passed from the OFT to the new Financial Condu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union Competition Law
European competition law is the competition law in use within the European Union. It promotes the maintenance of competition within the European Single Market by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies to ensure that they do not create cartels and monopolies that would damage the interests of society. European competition law today derives mostly from articles 101 to 109 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), as well as a series of Regulations and Directives. Four main policy areas include: *Cartels, or control of collusion and other anti-competitive practices, under article 101 TFEU. * Market dominance, or preventing the abuse of firms' dominant market positions under article 102 TFEU. * Mergers, control of proposed mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures involving companies that have a certain, defined amount of turnover in the EU, according to the European Union merger law. *State aid, control of direct and indirect aid given by Member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin Corporation, originally Parker Appliance Company, usually referred to as just Parker, is an American corporation specializing in motion and control technologies. Its corporate headquarters are in Mayfield Heights, Ohio, in Greater Cleveland (with a Cleveland mailing address). The company was founded in 1917 and has been publicly traded on the NYSE since December 9, 1964. The firm is one of the largest companies in the world in motion control technologies, including aerospace, climate control, electromechanical, filtration, fluid and gas handling, hydraulics, pneumatics, process control, and sealing and shielding. Parker employs about 55,000 people globally. In 2022, the company was ranked 253 in the Fortune 500. History 1917–1950 Arthur L. Parker founded the firm as the Parker Appliance Company in Ohio around 1917 or 1918. In its early years, it built pneumatic brake systems for buses, trucks and trains. In 1919, Parker's truck slid over a cliff, causing th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parker ITR Srl
Parker may refer to: Persons * Parker (given name) * Parker (surname) Places Place names in the United States *Parker, Arizona *Parker, Colorado *Parker, Florida *Parker, Idaho *Parker, Kansas *Parker, Missouri *Parker, North Carolina *Parker, Pennsylvania *Parker, South Carolina *Parker, South Dakota *Parker, Texas in Collin County *Parker, Johnson County, Texas *Parker, Washington *Parker City, Indiana *Parker County, Texas *Parker Dam, at Lake Havasu on the Colorado River between Arizona and California * Parker Road (DART station), a light rail terminal on Parker Road in Plano, Texas *Parker School, Montana *Parker Strip, Arizona *Parker Township, Marshall County, Minnesota *Parker Township, Morrison County, Minnesota *Parker Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania *Parker Center, a former police building in Los Angeles Elsewhere * C. W. Parker Carousel, a Burnaby Village Museum exhibit in British Columbia, Canada * Mount Parker (Philippines), a Mindanao island volcano of the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trelleborg AB
Trelleborg AB is a global engineering group focused on polymer technology, with headquarters in Trelleborg, Sweden, with 21,230 employees and with yearly revenue of 33.8 billion SEK as of 2021. The company first went public in 1964 and currently trades on the Nasdaq Stockholm exchange as a large cap component. It has operations in 48 countries and describes its mission as the development of "engineered polymer solutions that seal, damp and protect critical applications in demanding environments". History The company was founded in 1905 as "Trelleborgs Gummifabriks AB" (the Rubber Factory Corporation of Trelleborg) by Henry Dunker and Johan Kock, who were both already active in the rubber industry. Initially, the company had 150 employees and produced bicycle tires and rubber for industrial applications. During World War I, the Swedish Armed Forces placed substantial orders. By the mid 1930s, the number of employees had reached 1,000. Beginning in the 1950s, the share of re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Continental AG
Continental AG, commonly known as Continental or colloquially as Conti, is a German multinational automotive parts manufacturing company specializing in tires, brake systems, interior electronics, automotive safety, powertrain and chassis components, tachographs, and other parts for the automotive and transportation industries. Continental is structured into six divisions: Chassis and Safety, Powertrain, Interior, Tires, ContiTech, ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems). It is headquartered in Hanover, Lower Saxony. Continental is the world's fourth-largest tire manufacturer. Continental sells tires for automobiles, motorcycles, and bicycles worldwide under the Continental brand. It also produces and sells other brands with more select distribution such as Viking (limited global presence), General (US/Canada), Gislaved (Canada, Spain, Nordic Markets), Semperit Tyres, Barum to serve EU & Russia. Other brands are ''Uniroyal'' (Europe), Sportiva, Mabor and Matador and former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marine Transfer Operations
Marine Transfer Operations are conducted at many ports around the world between tanker ships, barges, and marine terminals. Specifically, once the marine vessel is secure at the dock a loading arm or transfer hose is connected between a valve header on the dock and the manifold header on the vessel. A marine transfer of petroleum products cannot be conducted unless it is supervised by a person-in-charge (PIC) on the vessel who is seafarer in the Merchant Marine and another person-in-charge on the dock. Person-in-charge The person-in-charge on the dock is called a Loading master-PIC and the person-in charge on the barge will be the Tankerman-PIC. The person-in-charge on a tanker ship will be the deck officer who monitors the transfer of product in the cargo control room. All persons-in-charge must have special training in order to obtain the proper credentials such as licensing and endorsement on their merchant mariner documents. Marine surveyor Loading Masters work close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunlop Oil & Marine Ltd
Dunlop may refer to: Companies * Name derived from John Boyd Dunlop (1840–1921) ** Dunlop Rubber, manufacturer of tyre and rubber products from 1889 to 1985 ** Dunlop Tyres, manufacturer of tyres since 1985 ** Dunlop Sport, a brand of sporting goods ** Dunlop Sport (Australia) ** For other companies with the Dunlop name, see Dunlop (brands) * Dunlop Manufacturing, also known as "Jim Dunlop", a music supplies company * Dunlop Standard Aerospace Group (currently, "Standard Aero") Places * Dunlop, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of Canberra, Australia * Dunlop, East Ayrshire, a Scottish village * Fort Dunlop, in Birmingham, England, once the main factory and head office of Dunlop Rubber * Dunlop, Kolkata, neighbourhood in Baranagar, Kolkata * Sahaganj, base of Dunlop India People * Dunlop (surname) Other * Dunlop valve, a valve stem still widely used on bicycle tires in many countries * Dunlop cheese Dunlop is a mild cheese or 'sweet-milk cheese' from Dunlop, East Ayrsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yokohama Rubber Company
is a tire company based in Tokyo, Japan. The company was founded and began on October 13, 1917, in a joint venture between Yokohama Cable Manufacturing and B.F. Goodrich. In 1969, the company expanded to the United States as Yokohama Tire Corporation. The Aspec A300 was the driving force behind its tremendous rise. Branding, especially in Japan, will often use Advan instead of Yokohama. Advan wheels and tires have a strong presence in the aftermarket scene worldwide. The company has two manufacturing facilities in the United States: one in Salem, Virginia, and another in West Point, Mississippi. History *1917 - Established in Yokohama as 橫濱護謨製造株式會社 (Yokohama Rubber Manufacturing Co., Ltd.), a joint venture between 橫濱電線製造 (Yokohama Electric Cable Manufacturing Company, currently Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.) and BF Goodrich Company. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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