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MARAD
Marad (Sumerian: Marda, modern Tell Wannat es-Sadum or Tell as-Sadoum, Iraq) was an ancient Near Eastern city. Marad was situated on the west bank of the then western branch of the Upper Euphrates River west of Nippur in modern-day Iraq and roughly 50 km southeast of Kish, on the Arahtu River. The site was identified in 1912 based on a Neo-Babylonian inscription on a truncated cylinder of Nebuchadrezzar noting the restoration of the temple. In ancient times it was on the canal, Abgal, running between Babylon and Isin. The city's main temple, a ziggurat, is E-igi-kalama (House which is the eye of the Land). was dedicated to Ninurta the god of earth and the plow, built by one of Naram-Sin's sons, as well as the tutelary deity Lugal-Marada. History Marad was established ca. 2700 BC, during the Sumerian Early Dynastic II period. Although Marad is not mentioned in the Sumerian King List and in the earliest city lists, it does appear in the temple hymns of the Early Dynastic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lugal-Marada
Lugal-Marada ( '' dlugal-marad-da'') was a Mesopotamian god who served as the tutelary deity of the city of Marad. His wife was Imzuanna. He was seemingly conflated with another local god, Lulu. There is also evidence that he could be viewed as a manifestation of Ninurta. He had a temple in Marad, the Eigikalamma, and additionally appears in Old Babylonian oath formulas from this city. Character and associations with other deities Lugal-Marada was the city god of Marad. He was regarded as a warlike deity. The goddess Imzuanna, also known as Ninzuanna, was Lugal-Marada's wife. Marten Stol refers to two deities, Lugalmea and Ili-mīšar, as his divine attendants, but according to Wilfred G. Lambert, the latter was associated with Imzuanna. A single Neo-Babylonian letter from Marad refers to Nabu and Nergal as Lugal-Marada's brothers, However, according to Stol this is most likely an example of ''captatio benevolentiae'', and should be treated as a rhetorical device, rather than t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazallu
Kazalla or Kazallu is the name given in Akkadian sources to a city in the ancient Near East whose locations is unknown. Its god is Numushda. History Under its king Kashtubila, Kazalla warred against Sargon of Akkad in the 24th or 23rd century BC. Sargon laid the city of Kazalla to waste so effectively that "the birds could not find a place to perch away from the ground." The city was briefly under the control of Elam under Puzur-Inshushinak until E[am fell to Ur. Under the Ur III empire, the city was ruled by ensi (governors). Some of them, Ititi, Izariq, Kallamu, Šu-Mama, and Apillaša (appointed in year 7 of Amar-Suen), are known by name. All during the reigns of Shulgi and Amar-Suen. There is a letter from Ibbi-Sin, the last ruler of Ur III, and Puzur-Numušda 1 who he had made governor of Kazallu, complaining that he was not doing enough to oppose Ishbi-Erra, ruler of Isin. In the early 2nd millennium BC the city had a number of conflicts with Larsa. A year name of Sin-Iqish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Sumer
The history of Sumer spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BCE. It was followed by a transitional period of Amorite states before the rise of Babylonia in the 18th century BCE. The oldest known settlement in southern Mesopotamia is Tell el-'Oueili. The Sumerians claimed that their civilization had been brought, fully formed, to the city of Eridu by their god Enki or by his advisor (or Abgallu from ''ab''=water, ''gal''=big, ''lu''=man), Adapa U-an (the Oannes of Berossus). The first people at Eridu brought with them the Samarra culture from northern Mesopotamia and are identified with the Ubaid period, but it is not known whether or not these were Sumerians (associated later with the Uruk period). Timeline ImageSize = width:800 height:75 PlotArea = left:25 right:15 bot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numushda
Numushda (𒀭𒉡𒈲𒁕 ''Numušda'') was a Mesopotamian god best known as the tutelary deity of the city Kazallu. Character The meaning of Numsushda's name is unknown. In an Akkadian astrological text it is explained as ''nammaššu'', a word which depending on the context can mean "people," "settlement" or "wild animals," though other ancient proposed etymologies are known too. He was regarded as a god of wild nature. His nature was sometimes regarded as violent, and in that capacity he was associated with storms (and by extension with the weather god Ishkur) and flooding. Worship Numushda is attested already in documents from the Early Dynastic, Akkadian and Ur III periods. His primary cult center, Kazallu, was likely located in the proximity of Marad and Kish in central Iraq. His temple located there was known as ''Kun4-sa-tu'', "stairway to the mountain." He was also the tutelary god of Kiritab, located in the proximity of Kazallu, and had a prominent role in Marad. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cities Of The Ancient Near East
The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. The largest cities of the Bronze Age Near East housed several tens of thousands of people. Memphis in the Early Bronze Age, with some 30,000 inhabitants, was the largest city of the time by far. Ebla is estimated to have had a population of 40,000 inhabitants in the Intermediate Bronze age. Ur in the Middle Bronze Age is estimated to have had some 65,000 inhabitants; Babylon in the Late Bronze Age similarly had a population of some 50,000–60,000. Niniveh had some 20,000–30,000, reaching 100,000 only in the Iron Age (around 700 BC). In Akkadian and Hittite orthography, URU became a determinative sign denoting a city, or c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to Iraq–Jordan border, the southwest and Syria to Iraq–Syria border, the west. The Capital city, capital and largest city is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Iraqi Turkmen, Turkmens, Assyrian people, Assyrians, Armenians in Iraq, Armenians, Yazidis, Mandaeans, Iranians in Iraq, Persians and Shabaks, Shabakis with similarly diverse Geography of Iraq, geography and Wildlife of Iraq, wildlife. The vast majority of the country's 44 million residents are Muslims – the notable other faiths are Christianity in Iraq, Christianity, Yazidism, Mandaeism, Yarsanism and Zoroastrianism. The official langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naram-Sin Inscription AO6782 Stitched
Naram-Suen (Naram-Sin) may refer to any of four kings in the history of Mesopotamia: * Naram-Sin of Akkad (), an Akkadian king, the most famous of the four * Naram-Sin of Assyria Naram-Sin, or Narām-Sîn or –Suen, inscribed in cuneiform on contemporary seal impressions as d''na-ra-am-''dEN.ZU, had been the "waklum" (ugula, Overseer) or "'' Išši’ak Aššur''" (énsi d''a-šùr'', Steward of Ashur) of the city-state A ... (), an Assyrian king * Naram-Sin of Uruk (), a king of Uruk * Naram-Suen of Eshnunna (), a king of Eshnunna See also * List of lists of ancient kings {{hndis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeological Sites In Iraq
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, archaeological site, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil remains. Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for which, by definition, there are no written records. Prehistory includes ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akkadian Cities
Akkadian or Accadian may refer to: * Akkadians, inhabitants of the Akkadian Empire * Akkadian language, an extinct Eastern Semitic language * Akkadian literature, literature in this language * Akkadian cuneiform, early writing system * Akkadian mythology, early Mesopotamian religion See also * Acadian (other) * Akadia (other) * Akkad (other) Akkad may refer to: *Akkad (city), the capital of the Akkadian Empire *Akkadian Empire, the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia *Akkad SC, Iraqi football club People with the name * Abbas el-Akkad, Egyptian writer *Abdulrahman Akkad, Syrian LGBT ac ... {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumerian Cities
Sumerian or Sumerians may refer to: * Sumer, an ancient civilization ** Sumerian language **Sumerian art ** Sumerian architecture **Sumerian literature ** Cuneiform script, used in Sumerian writing *Sumerian Records, an American record label based in Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles See also *Sumeria (other) *Sumer (other) *Sumarian (other) Sumarian is a misspelling and may refer to: *Sumerian *Samaria or Samaritans Samaritans (; ; he, שומרונים, translit=Šōmrōnīm, lit=; ar, السامريون, translit=as-Sāmiriyyūn) are an ethnoreligious group who originate fro ... {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Al-Qadisiyah
, mottoeng = My Lord Giveth Thy Knowledge , established = 1987 , parent = Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research , type = Public - Research , president = Ehsan Kathem , provost = Firdous Abbas Jaber , vice-president = Adel Turki Al-Delwi , faculty = 2 645 , students = 21 154 , undergrad = 20 497 , postgrad = 657 , city = Al Diwaniyah , province = Al-Qādisiyyah , country = Iraq , language = Arabic, English , free_label = , coor = , campus = Urban (Main/University Campus) (Veterinary Campus) (Medical/Nursing Campus) , colors = Sapphire Blue & Air Superiority Blue , website qu.edu.iq, logo = Internet Logo.png , logo_size = 250px , logo_alt = Website logo The University of Al-Qadisiyah ( ar, جامعة القادسية) is an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akkadian Empire
The Akkadian Empire () was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia after the long-lived civilization of Sumer. It was centered in the city of Akkad () and its surrounding region. The empire united Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule. The Akkadian Empire exercised influence across Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Anatolia, sending military expeditions as far south as Dilmun and Magan (modern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Oman) in the Arabian Peninsula.Mish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. "Akkad" ''Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary''. ninth ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster 1985. ). The Akkadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests by its founder Sargon of Akkad. Under Sargon and his successors, the Akkadian language was briefly imposed on neighboring conquered states such as Elam and Gutium. Akkad is sometimes regarded as the first empire in history, though the meaning of this term is not precis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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