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List Of Rulers Of Parthian Sub-kingdoms
The Parthian Empire ruled over an area roughly corresponding to present-day Iran from the third century BC to the third century AD. It contained a varying number of subordinate semi-autonomous kingdoms each with its own ruler. Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 AD # Vonones 12–16 (Former king of Parthia as Vonones I) # Orodes 16–18 (Son of Artabanus III king of Parthia) # Artaxias III 18–35 (From the house of Polemon) # Arsaces I 35 (Son of Artabanus III king of Parthia) # Orodes 35 (Again) # Mithridates I 35–37 (Son of Mithridates (IV) king of Iberia) # Orodes 37–42 (Again) # Mithridates I 42–52 (Again) # Rhadamistus 52–54 (Son of Pharasmanes (III) king of Iberia) # Tiridates I 54–60 (Son of Vonones II king of Parthia & Medes) # Tigranes VI 60–62 (From the house of Herod) # Tiridates I 62–c. 75 (Again) # Unknown king c. 75–89 (Probably Vologases II of Parthia) # Sanatruces I 89–109 (Son of Vologases I of Parthia) # Axidares (Ashkhadar) 110– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire (), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I, who led the Parni tribe in conquering the region of Parthia in Iran's northeast, then a satrapy (province) under Andragoras, who was rebelling against the Seleucid Empire. Mithridates I (r. c. 171–132 BC) greatly expanded the empire by seizing Media and Mesopotamia from the Seleucids. At its height, the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the Euphrates, in what is now central-eastern Turkey, to present-day Afghanistan and western Pakistan. The empire, located on the Silk Road trade route between the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han dynasty of China, became a center of trade and commerce. The Parthians largely adopted the art, architecture, religious beliefs, and royal insignia of their culturally heterogene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vologases I Of Parthia
Vologases I ( xpr, 𐭅𐭋𐭂𐭔 ''Walagash'') was the King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 51 to 78. He was the son and successor of Vonones II (r. 51). He was succeeded by his younger son Pacorus II, who continued his policies. Name Vologases is the Greek language, Greek and Latin form of the Parthian language, Parthian ''Walagaš'' (). The name is also attested in New Persian as ''Balāsh'' and Middle Persian as ''Wardākhsh'' (also spelled ''Walākhsh''). The etymology of the name is unclear, although Ferdinand Justi proposes that ''Walagaš'', the first form of the name, is a compound of words "strength" (''varəda''), and "handsome" (''gaš'' or ''geš'' in Modern Persian). Background Vologases was a son of Vonones II, a Parthian prince who ruled the northern Iranian kingdom of Media Atropatene, and possibly subsequently the whole Parthian Empire for a few months. Vologases' mother was a Greeks, Greek concubine of the Parthian Harem#Pre-Islamic origins, harem. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sassanid
The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th centuries AD. Named after the House of Sasan, it endured for over four centuries, from 224 to 651 AD, making it the longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty. The Sasanian Empire succeeded the Parthian Empire, and re-established the Persians as a major power in late antiquity alongside its neighbouring arch-rival, the Roman Empire (after 395 the Byzantine Empire).Norman A. Stillman ''The Jews of Arab Lands'' pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies ''Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1–3'' pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 2006 The empire was founded by Ardashir I, an Iranian ruler who rose to power as Parthia weakened from internal strife and wars with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shapur I
Shapur I (also spelled Shabuhr I; pal, 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩, Šābuhr ) was the second Sasanian King of Kings of Iran. The dating of his reign is disputed, but it is generally agreed that he ruled from 240 to 270, with his father Ardashir I as co-regent until the death of the latter in 242. During his co-regency, he helped his father with the conquest and destruction of the Arab city of Hatra, whose fall was facilitated, according to Islamic tradition, by the actions of his future wife al-Nadirah. Shapur also consolidated and expanded the empire of Ardashir I, waged war against the Roman Empire , and seized its cities of Nisibis and Carrhae while he was advancing as far as Roman Syria. Although he was defeated at the Battle of Resaena in 243 by Roman emperor Gordian III (), he was the following year able to win the Battle of Misiche and force the new Roman Emperor Philip the Arab () to sign a favorable peace treaty that was regarded by the Romans as "a most shameful tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hormizd I
Hormizd-Ardashir, better known by his dynastic name of Hormizd I (also spelled Hormozd I or Ohrmazd I; pal, 𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣), was the third Sasanian King of Kings (''shahanshah'') of Iran, who ruled from May 270 to June 271. He was the third-born son of Shapur I (), under whom he was governor-king of Armenia, and also took part in his father's wars against the Roman Empire. Hormizd I's brief time as ruler of Iran was largely uneventful. He built the city of Hormizd-Ardashir (present-day Ahvaz), which remains a major city today in Iran. He promoted the Zoroastrian priest Kartir to the rank of chief priest ('' mowbed'') and gave the Manichaean prophet Mani permission to continue his preaching. It was under Hormizd I that the title of "King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran" became regularized in Sasanian coinage; previously, the royal titulary had generally been "King of Kings of Iran." Hormizd I was succeeded by his eldest brother Bahram I. Etymology The name of Hormi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiridates II Of Armenia
Tiridates II ( hy, Տրդատ Բ, flourished second half of the 2nd century - died 252), known in Armenian sources as Khosrov, was an Armenian Parthian Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Armenia. Tiridates II was the son and heir of the Armenian King Khosrov I. Between 214 and 216, Tiridates II and his family were held in detention by the Romans which provoked a major uprising in Armenia against Rome. In 215, the Roman emperor Caracalla led the Roman army and invaded Armenia to end the uprising. In 217 Khosrov I had died and Tiridates II succeeded his father as King of Armenia. Tiridates II was granted the Armenian crown by Caracalla. He was declared King of Armenia upon Caracalla's assassination (8 April 217). Tiridates II ruled as King of Armenia from 217 until his death in 252. After the death of Caracalla, Macrinus became the new Roman emperor and Macrinus agreed to release Tiridates II's mother from Roman captivity. After the Battle of Nisibis in 217 between Rome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khosrov I Of Armenia
Khosrov I ( xpr, 𐭇𐭅𐭎𐭓𐭅) flourished second half of the 2nd century and first half of the 3rd century, died 217) was a Parthian Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Armenia. Khosrov I was one of the sons born to King Vologases II of Armenia (Vagharsh II) who is also known as Vologases V of Parthia by an unnamed mother. Through his father, Khosrov I was a member of the House of Parthia and thus a relation of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia. In 191, Vologases II ascended the Parthian throne, and as a result relinquished the Armenian throne to Khosrov I. Throughout the 1st and 2nd-centuries, the Armenian throne was usually occupied by a close relative of the Parthian King of Kings, who held the title of "Great King of Armenia". According to the 5th-century Armenian historian Agathangelos, the king of Armenia had the second rank in the Parthian realm, below only the Parthian king. The modern historian Lee E. Patterson suggests that Agathangelos may have exaggera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vologases II Of Armenia
Vologases V ( xpr, 𐭅𐭋𐭂𐭔 ''Walagash'') was King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 191 to 208. As king of Armenia (), he is known as Vologases II. Not much is known about his period of kingship of Armenia, except that he put his son Rev I () on the Iberian throne in 189. Vologases succeeded his father Vologases IV as king of the Parthian Empire in 191; it is uncertain if the transition of power was peaceful or if Vologases took the throne in a civil war. When Vologases acceded the Parthian throne, he passed the Armenian throne to his son Khosrov I (). Vologases' reign was marked by war with the Roman Empire, lasting from 195 to 202, resulting in the brief capture of the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon, and reaffirmation of Roman rule in Armenia and northern Mesopotamia. At the same time, internal conflict took place in the Parthian realm, with the local Persian prince Pabag seizing Istakhr, the capital of the southern Iranian region of Persis. Name Vologases is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacorus Of Armenia
Pacorus, also known as Aurelius Pacorus or Bakur ( Latinized: ''Bacurius'', ''Aurelius Pacorus'' el, Αύρήλιος Πάκορος) was a Parthian Prince who served as one of the Kings of Armenia in the 2nd century. Pacorus was a son of the Parthian monarch Vologases IV (). He is known from a Greek funeral inscription in Rome as a dedication from him in honoring the memory of his brother ''Aurelius Merithates''. In the inscription dedication Pacorus describes himself as: :Αύρήλιος Πάκορος βασιλεύς μεγάλης Άρμενίας or from the Greek translation :Aurelius Pacorus King of Greater Armenia From the inscription it is evident that Pacorus' brother lived and died in Rome. The inscription also shows that Pacorus lived for a time in Rome and had friends in Rome. The name ''Aurelius'' points to a close connection with the imperial house of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. At some point Pacorus and his brother received Roman citizenship from an empe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sohaemus Of Armenia
Gaius Julius SohaemusBirley, ''Septimius Severus: the African emperor'', p.224 ( el, Γάϊος Ἰούλιος Σόαιμος) (died 180) was a Roman client king of Armenia. Life Sohaemus, a prominent person in the Roman Empire in the 2nd century, was from the Orontid dynasty of Commagene and the Emesene dynasty from Syria.Birley, ''Septimius Severus: the African emperor'', p.71 His contemporary, the novelist Iamblichus claims Sohaemus as his fellow-countryman. Iamblichus calls Sohaemus an Arsacid and Achaemenid in his lineage. He was a descendant of the Median Princess Iotapa, who was once betrothed to the Ptolemaic Prince Alexander Helios.Birley, ''Septimius Severus: the African emperor'', pp. 71, 224 Little is known about Sohaemus’ family and early life prior to becoming King of Armenia. Before becoming king, Sohaemus had been a Roman senator and served as a Consul in Rome at an unknown date. In 144, Sohaemus received the Armenian throne from the Roman emperor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vologases III Of Parthia
Vologases III ( xpr, 𐭅𐭋𐭂𐭔 ''Walagash'') was king of the Parthian Empire from 110 to 147. He was the son and successor of Pacorus II (). Vologases III's reign was marked by civil strife and warfare. At his ascension, he had to deal with the usurper Osroes I (), who managed to seize the western part of the empire, which left Vologases III in control of its eastern parts. After Osroes I violated the Treaty of Rhandeia with the Romans by appointing Parthamasiris as the king of Armenia in 113, the Roman emperor Trajan () invaded the Parthian lands, briefly seizing the Parthian cities of Seleucia and Ctesiphon and reaching as far as the Persian Gulf. These gains were short-lived; all the Roman gains had been lost after Trajan's death in 117. Vologases III, whose eastern domains were untouched, took advantage of the weakened state of Osroes I to regain lost territory, and finally defeated him in 129. Another contender named Mithridates V shortly appeared afterwards, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osroes I Of Parthia
Osroes I (also spelled Chosroes I or Khosrow I; xpr, 𐭇𐭅𐭎𐭓𐭅 ''Husrōw'') was a Parthian contender, who ruled the western portion of the Parthian Empire from 109 to 129, with a one-year interruption. For the whole of his reign he contended with the rival king Vologases III () who was based in the eastern provinces. In 116, Osroes I was briefly ousted from his throne at Ctesiphon during an invasion by Roman emperor Trajan (), who installed Osroes' son, Parthamaspates. After Trajan's death the following year, Osroes I's rule was reinstated by the Parthian nobility. In 129, he was removed from power by Vologases III. Biography In 109, Osroes I revolted against Parthian king Pacorus II () in order to claim the throne for himself. During the reign of Pacorus II's son Vologases III (), Osroes I managed to seize the western part of the empire, including Mesopotamia, while Vologases III ruled in the east. In 113, Osroes I violated the Treaty of Rhandeia with the Romans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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